National Academies Press: OpenBook

The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue (2011)

Chapter: Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
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Appendix E

Mainline Airlines Departures by City

This appendix presents the committee’s analysis of changes in the number of aircraft departures discussed in Chapter 2 for mainline airlines. Figures E-1 through E-24, ordered alphabetically by airline, show total departures by airport code (refer to Table E-1 for corresponding cities) and by airline, in the cities most frequently served by that airline and thus in the cities most likely to serve as domiciles for pilots. The data used for this analysis were scheduled aircraft departures taken from Air Carrier Summary: T3: U.S. Air Carrier Airport Activity Statistics provided by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a) of the U.S. Department of Transportation. The data were from the third quarter of 2000, 2005, and 2010. All carriers that reported more than 20,000 aircraft departures in the third quarter of 2010 were examined. This group consisted of 12 mainline airlines. Two of the airlines were all-cargo airlines, FedEx and UPS, and the rest were passenger airlines.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE E-1 Air Tran departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE E-2 Air Tran total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE E-3 Alaska departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE E-4 Alaska total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE E-5 American departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE E-6 American total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE E-7 Continental departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE E-8 Continental total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE E-9 Delta departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE E-10 Delta total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE E-11 FedEx departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE E-12 FedEx total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE E-13 Frontier departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE E-14 Frontier total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE E-15 JetBlue departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE E-16 JetBlue total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE E-17 Southwest departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE E-18 Southwest total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE E-19 United departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE E-20 United total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE E-21 UPS departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE E-22 UPS total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE E-23 US Airways departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE E-24 US Airways total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

TABLE E-1 Airport Codes for Airline Departure Analysis

Codes Airport City State
ABE Lehigh Valley International Allentown PA
ABQ Albuquerque International Albuquerque NM
ABR Municipal Aberdeen SD
ACK Nantucket Memorial Nantucket MA
AFW Fort Worth Alliance Fort Worth TX
ALS Municipal Alamosa CO
ANC Ted Stevens Anchorage International Anchorage AK
ASE Aspen Aspen CO
ATL Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Atlanta GA
ATW Outagamie County Appleton WI
AUS Austin-Bergstrom International Austin TX
AVL Asheville Regional Fletcher NC
AZO Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Kalamazoo MI
BDL Bradley International Windsor Locks CT
BFI Boeing Field/King County International Seattle WA
BHM Birmingham Birmingham AL
BIL Billings Billings MT
BJI Bemidji Bemidji MN
BNA Nashville International Nashville TN
BOI Boise Air Terminal/Gowen Field Boise ID
BOS Logan International Boston MA
BRD Brainerd Lakes Regional Brainerd MN
BTR Ryan Baton Rouge LA
BTV Burlington International Burlington VT
BUF Buffalo Niagara International Buffalo NY
BWI Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Baltimore MD
CAE Metropolitan Columbia SC
CAK Akron/Canton Regional Akron/Canton OH
CHA Lovell Field Chattanooga TN
CHO Albemarle Charlottesville VA
CHS Charleston International Charleston SC
CLE Hopkins International Cleveland OH
CLT Charlotte Douglas Charlotte NC
CMH Port Columbus International Columbus OH
COS Colorado Springs Colorado Springs CO
CRP Corpus Christi International Corpus Christi TX
CRW Yeager Charleston WV
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Codes Airport City State
CVG Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Covington KY
CWA Central Wisconsin Wausau WI
DAL Love Field Dallas TX
DAY James Cox Dayton International Dayton OH
DCA Ronald Reagan Washington National Washington DC
DDC Dodge City Municipal Dodge City KS
DEN Denver International Denver CO
DFW Dallas/Fort Worth International Dallas TX
DIK Dickinson Dickinson ND
DSM Des Moines International Des Moines IA
DTW Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Detroit MI
EFD Ellington Field Houston TX
EUG Eugene Eugene OR
EWB New Bedford New Bedford CT
EWR Newark Liberty International Newark NJ
FAI Fairbanks International Fairbanks AK
FAT Fresno Air Terminal Fresno CA
FLL Fort Lauderdale/Hollywood International Fort Lauderdale FL
FMN Municipal Farmington NM
FSD Joe Foss Field Sioux Falls SD
GCC Campbell County Gillette WY
GEG Spokane International Spokane WA
GJT Walker Field Grand Junction CO
GNV Gainesville Regional Gainesville FL
GPT Gulfport-Biloxi International Gulfport MS
GRR Gerald R. Ford International Grand Rapids MI
GSO Piedmont Triad International Greensboro NC
GSP Greenville-Spartanburg International Greenville-Spartanburg SC
GTR Golden Triangle Regional Columbus OH
HHH Hilton Head Hilton Head SC
HOU William P. Hobby Houston TX
HPN Westchester County White Plains NY
HSV Huntsville International-Carl T. Jones Field Huntsville AL
HYA Barnstable Hyannis MA
IAD Washington Dulles International Washington DC
IAH George Bush Intercontinental Houston TX
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Codes Airport City State
IND Indianapolis International Indianapolis IN
ITH Tompkins County Ithaca NY
JAX Jacksonville Jacksonville FL
JFK John F Kennedy International New York NY
JNU Boundary Bay Juneau AK
LAR General Brees Field Laramie WY
LAS McCarran International Las Vegas NV
LAX Los Angeles International Los Angeles CA
LBL Municipal Liberal KS
LGA LaGuardia New York NY
LGB Long Beach Municipal Long Beach CA
LIH Lihue Kauai Island HI
LNK Lincoln Lincoln NE
LWS Nez Perce County Regional Lewiston ID
MBS MBS International Saginaw MI
MCI Kansas City International Kansas City KS
MCO Orlando International Orlando FL
MDT Harrisburg International Harrisburg PA
MDW Midway Chicago IL
MEM Memphis International Memphis TN
MFR Rogue Valley International-Medford Medford OR
MGM Dannelly Field Montgomery AL
MHT Manchester-Boston Regional Manchester NH
MIA Miami International Miami FL
MKE General Mitchell International Milwaukee WI
MLI Quad-City Moline IL
MSN Dane County Regional Madison WI
MSP Minneapolis-St. Paul International Minneapolis MN
MVY Martha’s Vineyard Vineyard Haven MA
MYR Myrtle Beach International Myrtle Beach SC
OAK Oakland International Oakland CA
OGG Kahului Maui HI
OKC Will Rogers World Oklahoma City OK
OMA Eppley Airfield Omaha NE
ONT Ontario International Ontario CA
ORD Chicago O’Hare International Chicago IL
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Codes Airport City State
ORF Norfolk International Norfolk VA
PBI Palm Beach International West Palm Beach FL
PDX Portland International Portland OR
PFN Bay County Panama City FL
PHL Philadelphia International Philadelphia PA
PHX Sky Harbor International Phoenix AZ
PIT Pittsburgh International Pittsburgh PA
PLN Emmet County Pellston MI
PRC Prescott Prescott AZ
PSC Tri-Cities Pasco WA
PVC Provincetown Provincetown MA
PVD T.F. Green Providence RI
PWM International Jetport Portland ME
RAP Regional Rapid City SD
RDM Roberts Field Redmond OR
RDU Raleigh-Durham International Raleigh-Durham NC
RFD Greater Rockford Rockford IL
RIC Richmond International Richmond VA
RKD Knox County Regional Rockland ME
RKS Sweetwater County Rock Springs WY
RNO Reno-Tahoe International Reno NV
ROA Roanoke Regional Roanoke VA
ROC Greater Rochester International Rochester NY
RSW Southwest Florida International Fort Myers FL
SAN San Diego International San Diego CA
SAT San Antonio International San Antonio TX
SBA Municipal Santa Barbara CA
SBN South Bend Regional South Bend IN
SBY Wicomico Regional Salisbury-Ocean City MD
SCE University Park State College PA
SDF Louisville International (Standiford Field) Louisville KY
SEA Seattle-Tacoma International Seattle WA
SFO San Francisco International San Francisco CA
SHR Sheridan Sheridan WY
SHV Regional Shreveport LA
SJC Mineta San Jose International San Jose CA
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Codes Airport City State
SJU Luis Munoz Marin International San Juan PR
SLC Salt Lake City International Salt Lake City UT
SMF Sacramento International Sacramento CA
SNA John Wayne Santa Ana CA
STL Lambert-St. Louis International St Louis MO
STT Cyril E. King Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas VI
STX Henry E. Rohlsen Christiansted, St Croix VI
SYR Syracuse Hancock International Syracuse NY
TEX Telluride Regional Telluride CO
TLH Tallahassee Regional Tallahassee FL
TPA Tampa International Tampa FL
TUL Tulsa International Tulsa OK
TUS Tucson International Tucson AZ
TYS McGhee Tyson Knoxville TN
VPS Eglin AFB Valparaiso FL
XNA Northwest Arkansas Regional Fayetteville AR
YKM Yakima Air Terminal Yakima WA
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 165
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 166
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 167
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 168
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 169
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 170
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 171
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 172
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 173
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 174
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 175
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 176
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 177
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 178
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 179
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 180
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 181
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Mainline Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 182
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Nearly everyone experiences fatigue, but some professions—such as aviation, medicine and the military—demand alert, precise, rapid, and well-informed decision making and communication with little margin for error. The potential for fatigue to negatively affect human performance is well established. Concern about this potential in the aviation context extends back decades, with both airlines and pilots agreeing that fatigue is a safety concern. A more recent consideration is whether and how pilot commuting, conducted in a pilot's off-duty time, may affect fatigue during flight duty.

In summer 2010 the U.S. Congress directed the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to update the federal regulations that govern pilot flight and duty time, taking into account recent research related to sleep and fatigue. As part of their directive, Congress also instructed FAA to have the National Academy of Sciences conduct a study on the effects of commuting on pilot fatigue. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue reviews research and other information related to the prevalence and characteristics of commuting; to the science of sleep, fatigue, and circadian rhythms; to airline and regulatory oversight policies; and to pilot and airline practices.

The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue discusses the policy, economic, and regulatory issues that affect pilot commuting, and outlines potential next steps, including recommendations for regulatory or administrative actions, or further research by the FAA.

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