National Academies Press: OpenBook

The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue (2011)

Chapter: Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
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Appendix F

Regional Airlines Departures by City

This appendix presents the committee’s analysis of changes in the number of aircraft departures discussed in Chapter 2 for regional airlines. Figures F-1 through F-36, ordered alphabetically by airline, show total departures by airport code (refer to Table E-1 in Appendix E for corresponding cities) and by airline, in the cities most frequently served by that airline and thus in the cities most likely to serve as domiciles for pilots. The data used for this analysis were scheduled aircraft departures taken from Air Carrier Summary: T3: U.S. Air Carrier Airport Activity Statistics provided by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a) of the U.S. Department of Transportation. The data were from the third quarter of 2000, 2005, and 2010. All carriers that reported more than 20,000 aircraft departures in the third quarter of 2010 were examined. This group consisted of 18 regional airlines.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-1 Air Wisconsin departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-2 Air Wisconsin total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-3 American Eagle departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-4 American Eagle total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-5 Atlantic SE departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-6 Atlantic SE total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-7 Cape Air departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-8 Cape Air total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-9 Chautauqua departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-10 Chautauqua total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-11 Colgan departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-12 Colgan total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-13 Comair departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-14 Comair total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-15 Expressjet departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-16 Expressjet total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-17 Great Lakes departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-18 Great Lakes total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-19 Horizon departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-20 Horizon total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-21 Mesa departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-22 Mesa total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-23 Mesaba departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-24 Mesaba total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-25 Piedmont departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-26 Piedmont total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-27 Pinnacle departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-28 Pinnacle total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-29 PSA departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-30 PSA total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-31 Republic departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-32 Republic total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-33 Shuttle America departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-34 Shuttle America total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

image

FIGURE F-35 SkyWest departures by city.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

image

FIGURE F-36 SkyWest total departures.
SOURCE: Data from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (n.d.-a).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 185
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 186
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 188
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 189
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 190
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 193
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 194
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 195
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 196
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 197
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 198
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 199
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 200
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
Page 201
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F: Regional Airlines Departures by City." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2011. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13201.
×
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Nearly everyone experiences fatigue, but some professions—such as aviation, medicine and the military—demand alert, precise, rapid, and well-informed decision making and communication with little margin for error. The potential for fatigue to negatively affect human performance is well established. Concern about this potential in the aviation context extends back decades, with both airlines and pilots agreeing that fatigue is a safety concern. A more recent consideration is whether and how pilot commuting, conducted in a pilot's off-duty time, may affect fatigue during flight duty.

In summer 2010 the U.S. Congress directed the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to update the federal regulations that govern pilot flight and duty time, taking into account recent research related to sleep and fatigue. As part of their directive, Congress also instructed FAA to have the National Academy of Sciences conduct a study on the effects of commuting on pilot fatigue. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue reviews research and other information related to the prevalence and characteristics of commuting; to the science of sleep, fatigue, and circadian rhythms; to airline and regulatory oversight policies; and to pilot and airline practices.

The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue discusses the policy, economic, and regulatory issues that affect pilot commuting, and outlines potential next steps, including recommendations for regulatory or administrative actions, or further research by the FAA.

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