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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix." National Academy of Sciences. 1964. Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13212.
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APPENDIX This appendix provides backgiound information about existing astronomi- t"åiiiti", *ä th"it costs. This material has been used by the Panel "l ,"u"hiog its conclusions and establishing the cost estimates in the text in of tle report. It includes: Major radio telescopes, world-wide, 30 feet or over in size' A Table Major optical telescopes, world-wide, 20 inches or greater in .. Table B aperture, burlt since 1945. U' S' insti- Maior astronomical facilities, built since 1945 by Table C tutions with fecleral ûnancial suppo*. U' S' institu- Maior astronomical facilities built since 1945 by D Table tions with state ûnancial support. Large radio âstronomy parabolic antennas and their cost' E Table F Large optical telescopes antl their cost' Table Tables ,{ and B are compiled largeþ from the Ameúcøn Ephematís ønd Nøutícal Almønc,listings àaintained by the National Science Founda- tÌon, a catalog compiled by B' H. Rule (a panel member), and Telnscopes' by C.Þ. fuiper, University of Chicago P¡ess, -1960' The remaining "dited háve been cãmpiled largãIy ftom data suppliecl by the National iabtes Science For:ndatioo unã d"tu compilecl by B. H. Rule through private com- munications. Wherever costs are given, the actual cost of an instmment has been correcteil to repl'esent the cost to produce the instrument in 1963' using correction factors proviiled by appraisalJistings services for typical equipment in the United States. 88 I-- Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Tables ,{ and B give a gooil picture of the extent of astronomical facil- ities at present. From this, a picture can be obtained of the status, relative to the ùo¡lil-wide pictüe, of ,{merican astronomical facilities' The extent of feileral anil stateìupport can be ascertained from Tables C and D' Tables E and F provide thelìsis for unilerstanding of tle costs of astuonomical instrumenis of all signiffcant sizes. In Tables E attã F, every efiort has been macle to give an accurate anil homogeneous set of costs. This is sometimes diftculg since quoted costs in any given case may ol may not include such items as operational sup- port, feãsibiìity stuiliés, site surveys, Iand procurement and development, ãuxiliary buildings such as residences and laboratories, anal instrumentation onom'1- : fo, lrr" iith tlie ielescope, such as radio receivers, spectrographs, anil other Panel auxiìiary equipment. The costs of such items have been eliminated wherever he text any of them may be necessary in a given project' Thus possibÉ 'thur" "Itho"gh inaccuracíes in tlese tables; however, it is felt that any -"y b" soãe such inaccuracies do not distort the general price picture' The costs shown ¡ize, here are in agreement with ttrose listed in other stuclies' :ater in The datã from Tables E and F have been useil to produce Figures 21 and 22, pages 78 and 79. The curves in these ffgures indicate that the .cost of-o-ptlcd telescopes gïows as the square of the telescope diameter, S. insti- and of ¡aàio telescopes as ih" di"ttt"tut to the 2 5 power' In applying such a simple generalization to obtain an estimate of telescope cost, however, unusual features of the tele- -"ort be observeil by considering any institu- ""otiJohat may signiffcantly afiect costs, Such {eatures may include: l) scope t exdemely tatgl apettures; 2) construction at remote or dificult sites; 3) ,rnor.r" y.g."ãt dìmensional tolerances or stability; 4) a requirement for ost. proper opãation and/or protection in severe environments; 5) complex äutômatii-control or data-acquísition features; 6) a requirement for com- plex electronic systems. ¿rís an'd Founda- 'escopøs, ,maining National rte com- ;trument in 1963, r typical 89 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

æe' ìlr H B A Ê 9'14-m (30-ft) Size ot Larget BADIO ASTRONOMy AN?ENNAS - TABLE unz' H ANIENNÀ DESCruPTION ,o" tt oF D,*rE $ Size, Tgpe, Mouú, eta, OPER. REMÀIIB Þ FÂEQI'ENCY OBSERV.ATOÂY SPONSOÂ LOCÀTION LariÞn =-- 1963 Râdâr B (run , ot*t *"o rpn"""", t* -*, *" (-* E¡cr A¡ecibo lono- Comell U. Arecibo flecLo¡ ùth d00' arc .adi,¡s- and wit} 1420 Mc) - Mw soheric Obs. ÀAPA 2.5 Ë PI'ÉRTO ÂICO ' peal lnosn steerable correcting feed. Built into ûat- -E Ë power u¡al earth sinkhole. Ei @roo¡ooM" li U. of Texas U. of Texas A.ustin 40m (16.6 X 131.2'). NSF ( moved from åi TE,rÀS ß- Transit, steerable in altitude only. Yale U. Obs., Used as inte¡ferometer (40 Y 25'\. Bethany, m. 20 Mc H Three steerable Yagi aûays 12,2 X 7.6 Cona. ) € r,- (60') paraboloid, stee¡abìe, alt-âz. 100_3000 Mc Belma¡ Signal U.S. ÀrúY 18.3-m Evaas B clark L Lab. I5,2-m (50') þaraboloid, steerable, alt-az. Electron. NEw JERSEY [* R&D Lab. 36-rû (u8') paraboloid, steerable in alti- 1158 college 1500 Mc Be¡lin-Äille¡shofHeiruich Deut..A.kad. it Æ,Àsr (IEFM-ÀNY Heftz Inst. der Wiss. tucle only. --Þ tl -* Ira¡sit mount. re58 iÙ C¡imea of Two 27.4-m (90') movable paraboloids. To 13 Cc Pine Ca]if. lnst. Calif. Inst. Bis - ùì ""or-rson¡r¡¡ Tecb. Owens of Tech. Steerable, equatorial mount. Useil as È¡ ussn Valley Obs. I inteÍerometer. 1966 -t, Under il - ONR 39.6-m ( I30') movable paraboloid, deer- l0 Cc NSF .t constr. ;. able, alt-az. Fi¡st of sèveral additional i? ele¡nents of exoa¡deil inteferoúetet. rss8 _ _tl il i 10-m (32') rirovable paraboloid, steer- able, equatorial. i, 1964 E-W ar¡l i: X 36 m (2033.6 X 118.1') parabolic U. of Bologna Ministry of 620 Bologna : . Danville Lab. cvlinder E-W axis. Pub. Educ. .{stron. ITÀLY ,rtrd",ll: Er¡N( 3â cyünders 50 X 7 m ( 164 X 23' ), 10 m 408Mc N-S : llì (32') apart on N-S axis. "oo.tt. Adjustable in elevâtion kansjt iÍstrume¡t. Delawa¡ Filled-in aûay with ci¡cula¡ periphery 1.8-24.Mc 1962 .. OIIIO Tasma¡iâ Research Bothwell 3520' ( l.I-km) diam. Beam_ 8"_ diam- l. Cotp. Radio adjustable in no¡th-zenith-south pla¡e. CSIRO Obs. _,.. Dexte¡_ _ :'i Mrcr¡r( 1955 Mc Ño x 46') trihed¡al x Boulde¡ t5-60 13.8 m ( 80 AFCRL 2A.4 High Ältitude - [i Dwhgel, alt-az. coLoRÀDo NSF stee¡able òomer reflectors, Obs. rqrl¡¿ M" @ 66 m (216'); 18.3-m (60') diâr¡, B*ld* L.b" roo-l1oo B."ld"" ration COLOR.4DO dis- l! alt-az, paraboloid 1036.3 m (3400') El Camp **" 'ri tânt. tânt. :i rExas ÍF:xas 1959 v" f*ã re.s-- (60') paraboloids, ,lt-a", in- to-75 ! :i t,; slacing approximately Fairbank terfe¡omète¡-ßxed "i Four cylindrical paraboloids, Sxed. IO-m Astron. Obs. B¡rralcan Fl-."* ll (32.8') paraboloid. ussß rTáIY Fo¡t Dar¡ lEXAS 90 L !,.. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

îABLE A (coúìrnted) AìYÎEIIIN- DESC¡PTION I'ÀTE OF F'REQUENCY OÞB.REM¡:REII Size, TVpe, Molhùt; etc. oBSERVATORY SPON$OII r,ocÀl1oN ffii?8ü;-irse oDly. ffi- ' EN"rrn" MG.ñã P"p,."r obs. in altitude I¡d. cyliniler, Syn- steerable Astron' Sci: & thesized inteferoEeter. Mc I00O X 12.2 m (3300 X 40') comer re- 38 1958 dector, _steemble i.D altitude only. S¡n- ùresize¿l tee. equato- Two 7.5-m (24.6') paraboloiils, f948 riâl ñoû¡L Th¡ee 18.3-m (60') equatorial parabo- 400 a-ud loids, synthesÞed I500-m (5000') ci¡cr¡- 1420 Mc ì lar aperture. Dipole an"ay 3.2 lør (9 øiles) E-W, 1.6 U. of Md. 26 Mc Clark Lake Clark Lake km(lmile)N-S. Radio Obs. NSF I c,{r,Foßl{IÄ U. ofAlaska Two 8.53-m (28') steerable, polar- 923 Mc a¡il USA.F College NSF mou-oted paraboloíds providiDg interfer- 456 Mc simul. Geophys. Inst. ÁI-ASEA ometer. 18.6-n ( 61') diam steerable paraboloid. 398 Mc T. l/. Lb"d"" Criûea @ G" C¡imean Inst vssn ( Simeis) A.st¡on. Obs. Phys. oloid, steerable, alt-az. (/A.cad. Sci.) t9-m (62.8') paraboloid, steerable, alt-az, 1966 Uncler Two 3l-m (I0I') ûxecl reflectors, ûa¡sit USSR) const¡. zínc-painted oD coDcrete, used âs lr¡ter- feromete¡ with 800-m (2605') E-W base- r958 line, 22-n (72'l paraboloid, alt-az. To 37 Gc *. E-$t 1964 X 400') X r8.5m 6IlMc U. of lll. Ill. X 122 m (600 183 U. of Danville (54.7') deep. Fixed aperture, parabolic Ve¡milion ONR ILLÍNOIE N-S cylinder scoopeil out of eartL NSF Rive¡ Obs constl. III X 21.4 m (360 X 70') standing 40-2500 Mc Obs. Ohio State U. Pe¡kins Delawa¡e Tele- paraboloid, with tiltable plane reflector NSF Radio OEIO 1962 79X30.5m(206Xr00'). scope Mich. 26-m (85') pa¡aboloiil, equato¡ial mou¡t, U. of Mich. U. of I-16 Gc r959 Dextel Obs. r955 Dwingelo 25-m (83') steerable paraboloid, alt-az, 400-600- Found. Leiden U. Neth. Astror. Neth. Organ. 742O Mc NErrrERr.¡{NDs Radio fo¡ Pu¡e Res. Radar MIT 196l m (1700 X 200') phased X 517 61.0 38.2 Mc El Campo Racla¡ Solar l!&ls Obsewatory NASA dipole array. 25.9-m (85').steerable paraboloid, X-Y 136 Mc Gilmo¡e C¡eek NÄSÄ Fairbanlcs 400 Mc mount. .A.cquisition Facility 1700 Mc (33') U. of l0-m steerable paraboloid, Cass lG-40 Gc .Arcetd Þ'lo¡ence Astrophys. F lo¡ence ITÀLY b¡Pe. Ohs. ! 26-m (85') steerable paraboloid, equa- ToI0Gc Fo¡t Davis Harva¡il Radio ÄFCRL | Stâ. NSF to ¡sxas al Ðount. .A.stron. ' 9t I i. Þ & Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Í'ABLÊ A (cotttì¡wed) DATE OF AI TENNÀ DESCÊTSTION FREQIJTNCY OPER'REMÀIÌES 'ffi*rrr^no**r"*odõG_ Sí@,TgPe, Mo&nt, øtc. sloNsoR OBSERVAfORi LOCATION ONR U. of Fla. mount' rexectors. r rauJ" rcfl ectols. Traûsit Gai¡esville -"*" NSF Radio Obs' :: . ,. li rqs¡ adar 1958 Rada¡ FI.ORTDA Mc .+- (ay) .t"ttuUt" parabolic dish' 9390""nnr¡^ NASADeeP IPL-NÀSA 960 Mc 1958 Rada¡ Goldstoue futff-* 1aíl steerable paraboloid' equa- Inst. Space cÄl-I!OA¡ÛÀ tol-ofiset. I0 Gc g2-- (3O'I diar¡ steeable paraboloid' iliff*;gl"**::*#"ärl 1966 Raila¡ paraboloid' alt-âz' ro 3 c'c åî* ir"ffi "*-ote ffi¡-4oo-1o,ooo 1959 M" AUI Gt*" B"tL l¡"'l' nuao iËkTrk$í'*g:3"'tr3i""obr" pu,"b- NSF wEsr \BGrNrÁ AJtlon' Ubs' li"¡tu*1íf i",ojx",'"f.*!'å;3*i Unile¡ ;*:g illþ,":f"m:Ïi'3ttå,"ur" -o"u- constr. hl"-hase oaraboloid. 1S62 iIå" ',';.tr"'':,1ï-*"il"i:if 1965 ?iirriÏl3jiJ"':*ff p","u"roid, meridiar transit' 750and !înå]#iäij 3åi"lå?,riåi.'sà1 ' *-,-,uiäi;"r' ä8JiuT'Y'Ï" m collecting ãrea 10 sq r958 mour¡q stee¡- To 3 Gc t5ê- ( 84') .S*"rial Hill AFCRL SaEaoore Homilton 19M ro 15 Gc n"äio obs. steerable parabo- iB5-å'''iÌÊto"ri MÀSSÀCEft_ ",-"', sEl:ls loid. 84' in- 1956 1420 Mc Ñ in stalled l-2 Harvard Gc Aøassiz Stâ. Harvaril todal mount. 1966 Coll. Häwa¡d Coll MÀSSÀCE¡J NSF Obs. sEfrs r962 1-10 Cc zol-rg5') .r."*ble paraboloiil, polar U. of Calif . U. of Calif. )' Pede¡tal). Hat Creek mount ( eouato¡ial Pede¡tal I 1S60 8000 Mc ONR l0.I-Ð ("3J ) stee¡a-ble, egud'v¡¡¡+' '( -o"ato¡al Radio Obs. 3'3') teelaDrc, quatorial' C¡ILEORNIA -32(3so5 dx 459 )2') (broad- 41 Mc 116; r4o X 32 iPoles ' Hava¡a side ar¡av of milåî,* ILLINOIS 40-kW t;ansmitter. 1965 Molo¡slo U.9f Iloskinstown River öbs. Sydney AIJSTR.{LI.{ 1966 m.(5loo') *.uer 1554.5 .NSF IilË H'.^|,T*; i"'i,"iiiiËr" 1"a¡;"tion bv phase ad- justment. 92 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

A (contímed') TABLE ANTENNÀ DISCRÍPTION DÀTE OF IE OF OPEÂ. REMÀRES Sìze, Tgpe, Mount, eta, FIÌEQUENCY ß. ¡¡MÀRKS oEsERV,A.fORf sÞONsoR IOCÀî¡ON À¡¡av of 48 dishes 4 m (13.1') in diam, 408 Mc Uncle¡ obs. Í,'oain- RoYal Obs. Radio 32 ií E-W ti¡e, 16 ítr N-S line. constt. Rochefo¡t of BeÌgitrm !Er,crt^4 58 Rada¡ Two 176 X r0 m (577.4 X 32.8') anays, 20--40 Mc 1964 (hârkbov Inst. Acåd. Sci. one E-W. o¡e N-S, sepa¡ated bY 470 m & ussR U}:r. SSR RadioPhYs. (154I.6'). Stee¡able -in declinátion by 58 Rada¡ Electlon. phasing. 10-m 133') pa¡aboloid. equatorial moùnt. To 16 Gc 1963 LakeT¡ave¡se, Algonquio NRC Mc steerable pâraboloid, equâ- 300-2000 1966 45.8-; ( 1ú0r) of Canacla Otrt. Radío Obs. torial, C¡NÀDA l0') in Under of 32 dishes 3 m iliam. ( .A.rray coDstL With 3000 Mc I85-ú (606.8') Iinear array ( compouncl Raila¡ )60 i¡terferometer). a¿lditions _ )59 Mc 30-m (98.4') paraboloid, limite¿l steera- 1420 Radio Obs. 1966 LaPlata Argentiûe ÀRc.eNrrNA bilüy. NRC Camegie Inst. NSF paraboloid' O¡* ¡"¿. S"i. l6-m (52.5') tued 300 Mc I*"i*"d P,rtLo 120 X 3 Ð (394 i I0') parabolic sector ussR '*.ñ 962 I âdiustâble in altituAe oDIv). i*å fz-- (39.4') paraLoloids, tra¡sit 10001000 Mc ed5 moùnt. Used as inteferometer with parabolic I78 Mc secto¡. X 2 m (33 x 7') cylindrical r78Mc Two 10 Obs, ,{cad. Sci. Pulkovo Leningrad paraboloids, transit mount. USSR Kislovoksk, ( N. Caucasus ) t958 t ss 1962 288 X 288 m (995 X 995, ) b¡oadsiile a¡- 50 Mc Radar Ticâmarc¿ NBS & Inst. t964 Lima Obs. tay' hadio Geophys. PERU Lima it- 1956 I 8!g alt-az. Mark ?6-2-m 1250') sleerable pa¡aboloiù 20-1420 Mc 1957 i¡ Nufield Jodrell Bank Macclesûeld stalleil i'30'i stee¡abldparaboloid, âlt-az' 1420 Mc 9.15-n (50') Expt. Stâ. Found. 1966 parabåloiil, eguatodal ToI0Cc I963 15.5-m DSIR U. of Man- moùnt. 1962 s4.4 X 36.6 ú (80 ¡ 120') elliptical pa- To 3 Gc 1964 cheste¡ Mark II ¡aboloid. alt-az mou¡t. ONR Ma¡k III 1960 .4 x ge-6 r\ ( 80 X 120') eÌliptical pa- To 1.4 Gc 1966 Under raboloid, alt-az mount, semitrarþo*alle 1958 constl. remote station. 12.2 x L2.2 m (40 X 40') come¡ ¡eflec- 13-30 Mc Chile U. of Chile Manipu, U. of Madorr Radio U. of Fla, tor, transit mou¡t. Sartiago ¡+-i,. o¡"- NsF CI'ILE f3.7-m (45') steerable paraboloiil, alt-âz. 3000 Mc Ministry of Malvem, Royal Rada¡ AviatioD Worcestershire Esiab. T\llo 25-m (82') diam steerable pärab- To3000Mc Ministry of ENCLÀND oloids, alt-az. Supply 93 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

w B H¡ F¡ ll TABLE A (contínued) ANTENNÄ DESCRIPTION DA.ÍE O¡' F eto. O"ER. ÂEMÀBßS I FIEQI¡ENoY Size- Tuoe, Motnt, OBSTRVÀTORY SPONSOR LOCATION îlããfi4') '.i""'"ule,' equatodal Dount' 40Ñ000 Mc 1957 ,t".r"bI", NRL Marvlancl Point' Ma¡vland 1965 e{uatorial mount' 16Gc ãã---t às'l Chaíles County Point Obs. MÀNYI.AND 1r55 r'.iøht ro-m (32.8') ând t¡tuty-two 5-El 169 Mc Obs Obs. de Meudon iiB.* f p.hìa"'a', -.J*pb!".inteú€roúe- NaDçaY 1 -d-l1j: Pa¡is )'"ir. ú"isi-"*t' used as FÂ.ANCE ter'ío slnthe.øe 770-o (9525'6') aper- . m I 1000 x U5') sts.uiling r966 1420 Mc Pnn" "t üË.iàuii"t""tài a¡d 200 X 40 m (650 2300 Mc wit¡ úov- i tlt' ¡ table platte rc0ector tl.l able feed. 200 Mc .t"er"bL Paraboloid, alt-az' tollaz8') N.th P"tt"I Ñ"d.th"", Nederhoßt den Berg Obs. &-Ielecom' ilen Berg NETEÉRLANDS @3oooM" õ"*t" R"di" Ch"ì-"" u O¡sala \ryave ProP. of Tech' torial. u."uYs. 25 Mc (Gothenbe4) f*JLro"d.id" Obs. SWEDEN .t"ouut" p".uuoloid, ult-u- 600-'z000 M" 1961 ffu) CSIRO CSIRO is.¿J-r æ;l ìt""o¡leilt-az paraboloid, 1420 Mc 1962 Parkes. N.S.W. Ra{iophys. AUSTN¡LIA movable, ca¡ be used as an interferometer' Lab. 1420 Mc 1959 "t"-"bL P-"b"tttdñqua- ,5.6-nrf 8!--( ) 84 t. Doûinion DePt. of Pentrctot Radar Mhes & r965 tr* (White Late x72o,"¡ (4067.2 x 236r.6') r0and22Mc ililtå Àstron. Obs. Tech. ti ro*:'ti"q"Àqi r-.tt"pèd array of dipoles' Sta. ) B.C. tì:r (saa).t"ou¡te paraboloid, equa- To 3 Cc iõs|--* ltl f"t.dr- Deut. Alad. |:i Potsdam torial moutt. de¡ \üiss. A.st¡on. Obs. ñr GERM-ANY @aoor'1" [Iaute- CNRS Såint-Michel Èi intefe¡ometer' cylinders, used as P¡ovence Obs. Þ::: mount To I0 Gc p"ttb"I"t4 i83"t alt-az (6Cf) Naval Naval Elec- !r Sa! Diego Electron. Lab. t¡on. Lab. C,l¡IFO¡NIA U¿ Seroukhov i Lebedev Unde¡ îïãilì*'f ¿o * (3i80 x trat'-l para- 50-150Mc t-i: i";;iñ'fio;-(ããeo b,q$j*9," Pala- Semukhov 31') Radiophys. PhYs.Inst' constl. 'lI' [,7 ne'a¡ Moscow ) ( .t*'-"!^t" ú.1. ft Sta. r*d t",i tr-thét¿u 500-m (1640') aper- yri'a"i, IJSSR ture at 3;n (9.8'). ffi Z5 x O45 - ( lil X t-5I') tra¡sit 2700 Mc Mc S"rcI""*-t"t, õttf, HiU O¡" l{-nC of ----- È-w axis 3ooo ;""''î ;;;;"b1" "b"ut Canada ó-",- ffi ffissoov"in a row Il43 ú ffi StanIo¡ð U. Stanford U' Stan{ord sÍ1 stee¡ablä. equito¡ial, AFOSR i;'ì ât cÀLEoRNrÀ Radioscience sht ansles bv i'ãii;Í'lä"elÏi*"tá¿ i:i NSF Lab. a simila¡ row i;ï;åä#fu foro a comPound dishes fr inte¡feror¡eter. paraboloids, equâtoriâl 3000 Mc iTii: ö.äî' I äo' t tnor¡.nt. ì; :l; 94 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

TABLE A (cont¡iued) Á¡IIENNÂ DESCRIPTTON DÀTT OF Mouít, etc. Síze, Tgpe, OPER. REMÁIITS F'¡EQI'ENCY OASERVÀTORY SPONSOR LOCÂT¡ON EOF I. REMARTS 45.7-m (150') steerable paraboloid, alt- az moùnt. 7 Five 18.3-m (60') paraboloiils, steerable. 10 cc Uocle¡ cotrsh. (6f') alt-az. steerable paraboloid, Sta¡Ioril 18.6-¡o 3000 Mc J{FCRL Res. = Äir I¡st. Þ RoEe Dev. Ctr. 10-m (30') steerable equatorial mount. 980-3000 Mc Obs, PeDn State Radio 1962 State College LI n ¡ (50' ,{nay of dipoles 1 .2 X U. 74 Mc 19M PENNSY¡,- 30'). 25-n (83') steerable paraboloid, alt-az. TogGc Bo¡n U. Obs. La¡d Nord¡. 1956 Stockert 'We,sÉ. IO-n ( 33') paraboloid, equatorial ûouDt. To 32 Gc 1965 GERMANY UrO-m ( 3500') Mill¡ cross. Fiel<l 20 Mc U. of Fleurs 1957 Svd¡ev 1500') Mills c¡oss. '(flåu¡s) Sta. 85 Mc 461.5-m ( I959 Sydney 381-m ( 1940') Mills cross, 32 X 32 ele- 1500 Mc 19É7 AT'STIÌÀLIA Eeots, 5,8-m ( I9') paraboloicl, equatorial mouDt, Radio heliograph, 96 steerable parab- 80-It0 Mc Unde¡ CSIRO Narrabri) ( m (,9') ít in" iliam â ci¡cùlar oloids 13 constr. Railiophys. i arfav 3 L-ú in diam. Lab. II-á (36') paraboloid, steerable in ald- 600-1420 Mc mount. tude only. Transit 400 Mc I X m (6560 X 3.3') comer Two 2000 re0ecto¡s, sepa¡atioo 600 m ( 1968'). I 10-m (32.8') paraboloid, U. of Toþo equatoria¡ 200 Mc ToLyo mount. JÁPÀN Tucson ll-m ( 36') steerable AUI paraboloiil in dome. To300Cc Unile¡ Nad. Railio Peak) (Kitt NSF coDsb. ,A.stror. Obs. ÀnuoNA paraboloid. (I20') 40-m To 1.4 Gc equatorial Camegie 1964 \fashington 46I.5-û (1500') Mills c¡oss. hst. 21 Mc 1954 D,C, 923-m (3000') linear array of come¡ ¡e- 87 Mc 1959 decto¡. paraboloid, To 16 Cc f8.3-m (60') equatorial r959 15.5-¡n (50') steerable, high-gain para- 25Gc l95l NAL bolic reflector. alt-az ( fork ). (83') Weste¡bo¡k For¡¡d. Twelve 25-m 1968 Unde¡ Neth, Neth. Organ: paraboloids, equato- Ast¡on. fo¡ Pure rial mount. Synthesized 1650-m (5413.4') 1420 Mc NETÊERI.aNDS Radio constl- apertu¡e. Two paraboloids, movable on Res. E-W t¡ack WesÉord Havstack Hill Lincol¡ 36.6-m.( 120') steerable paraboloid, alt-az 'fo t0 cc 1964 Racla¡ MAssAcEu- rt â fâdotne. Lab. sÞrrs Millstone Hill MIT 25.6-m (84') steerable paraboloid, equa- 400 Mc ¡ûount. .{nDc 1956 Râdâr toÌial 1200 Mc for Two 15.2-m (50') paraboloids. Zime¡ki Zimenki Radio Inst. Planneil .A.stron.Sta. Radiophys. ttssR Goùi State U. 95 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

TABLEBMAI,RASTR)NTMI1AL'PTICALTELES]jPESSinceTg'ß_Apertu're20ormoreinches IR = inf¡a¡eù Mat = Matsutov (meniscus Greg - Cass = Cassegrain; Cor¡ = ¡eflecto¡ cor¡ect9l; Ref¡ = ¡efmcto¡r Scbm = schmidt co¡- -Grggoriaa: tlTe) corlector; N". ='Nas;iË'Ñe;-- N"*rooT"o; ReB"= 'efÍedor: ätõp"s, Êrsi line apþlies ø aperture and optical materíal of vb = ,tr""t:"Ë;'.;ä;ü; ri:ôror lens; mirlor' corrector; second line to Pririâry oprrcs ;'"^- D.{TE OF ÎÛRE Ttrls. ELEV. OPTICS (rrer) rocus f/ (n¡') opBq ÁEMÀltg ;; oBssRvA'roRy ôPoNsoR tt"l' LOC.{TION 28 Glass P-rime 3 ;"*."h*. Ob" A"trophy.. 5'z50 R"fl 1956 ' 38'5 Glass Nas 15 ' A.bastumani, ) o¡". Mâk ( Georgia --O - USSR 131 Re0 20 l-i.¡* o¡t Grass I"n ilb"; ob" "t Cass Alfeite -fS50 18 POÂTUCÀ! Glass 91'" 24 20 lzso-n"f 1948 roll- " Ii;fl .-rt.ophy.. Glass P¡ime 2'4 erEãñ-v* 20 Alma-Ata rnst. 1950 Mâk) 26.5 T'SSR Glass ( Ref¡ 90'20 1965 Double 7 u Y"I"4"I"-bt" Y"L 8"¡¡""1 -ì.,1^t t" ashograPh So. Obs. Columbia U' - U, of Cuyo 20 Pyrcx Refl øo 1956, uãc"fii- t.t""h"* obt B"'k"l"y # È;S 1965 Pyte* Cass, CÂI-IFORNIÀ 30 Unde¡ Refl 8 constr. Gl"* C"* ,8 ZrO R"fl 1'g57 Stemwarte Berlin-Ba¿lelsburg 20 Glass Cass --- " Berlin 2l n fl 1960 --'ass 25 GERMANY Glass C 24 1959 2952 Refl t"**urt" ã--ut*"td dtt -* B"*- Bem srr.t\zlTRLAND Udversitât BÑ(j* -ã Ct"* P¡ime 3'7 81"".f""t"t" B.yd"" St" - II"**d U' 4549 Schrn 36 1950 Glass o,F.s. câss Rufl 40 1966 univ. obs. Bonn Nas Gl"* Ñt*t= --¿s - CERMÀN' -- . U' 909 Refl ob". 2A B*" Masaryk -rgr¿ CZECHOSLOVAE.A' ;:=-il Astron. --- cut' Prime 3'4 4s54 s"lt- zL ; :- i-- 1954 4ó54 Þcllm bwr"katt, Byrrakan "';;;; 2t Pvrex õi;. -oi*,o.ity (¡hm 39 P¡in¡e 21 Glâss _Hnlne z't Schm 39 il""t 1963 ussR R"fl 19 Pyrex 1964 B¡rrakan, Byüakân A.stron. tt"l"gt"d ,lu È;S 'At-"oíu O'bs. State U' - -ão USSR 5 nv'"* c"-b'tdg. Ú't"*tt,y ob" - õ"-b'rdg' U' s'z nãã- 1955 åffi? ,å ENGr-AND coudé 30 Pl'¡ex Newt 5 74 Canber¡a Mt. strololo obs. A".tt"lf'" Ñ 1955 -n"s ' Cass I8 Natl U' ÀusrB.{Lra Coudé 31 Pltex Greg 18 50 Refl 1954 96 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

ore inches 'f ABLE B (conthwad) v ( ûeniscu¡ ;cheidt cor- .{PER- :IELES. II'RE EI,!V. DÄTE OF, Eaterial of OPTTCS (n¡.) (rvp¡) ¡ocvs (FT) TypE oPER. atMAREs f/ OBSERV.{TORf P¡ex Cass_ .8 Refl 40 1964 4t sidiDg Couilé 40 Sp"ing Sta. ]F Pyrex Cass 72 28 Refl 1959 ,{tsi¿lhg REMAAJKS Spti"g Sta. 16.6 Refl 26 Glass 1953 Schm 20 Glass Priuie 3.5 1956 Uppsala Obs. 26 Pyrex 6".r Hope Ref 39 Puex Prime 4.6 1964 Roval Obs ' Co¡¡ 3.9 öood . Cass 20 SOI]:!I.Í A¡'RICA 30 '--:=-25 Castel Gandolfo Vatican Obs Double ITÀLY âstro$aph Pyre,x Cass Charlottesville Fan Mt¡. U. of Va. 16 Obs. Cass 32 vßclNra Sta. Clr." C." 14"4 and Ir57 Cleveland Inst. 820 Wame¡ Case Obs. Unde¡ orrro of Tech Swasey constL Refl 20 Pvrcr Cass l5 Collese Park .{stron. 1964 U. of Md. U. of Md. -ürtol¡o obs. l¿ Pyrex f S58- At Br.. C"!rth"g-t U. of Cooen- U"t"*"ttyOb" 298 Refl Cass hag"r, ^ felde Sta. DEÑMARK Pyt* Ptl-" 3.8 1S?0 R"fl fO¿ Crinea 1960 C¡imean .{st¡on. Cass 16.3 (Nauchny) Obs. . Coudé 40 Nas 16.0 Glass Cass 20 48 1952 Refl 20 Pçrex Coudé 13 Refl 1950 ilass Cor¡ 7.4 l95l 25.5 1 Ríchte¡- Refl Slefogt 9?e Glass Prime 4 20 Refl 1958 Stemberg Âstron. C¡imea 2A ( Mak ) Inst. (So. Sta. ) Glass L'SSR Glass Prime 4 Re 50 1960 Newt 4 Cass 77 ohio stare u. Pyrex Ne\at 4.7 Refl 32 1958 880 Delaware Pe¡kins Obs Cass 16.5 OIIIO Glass Coudé 4.3 Reû 28 1957 Dublin Dunsink Obs. EIRE Ptl-" Z n"0 3S5 Pyl* Eür,h.th"tll. filSACOb" fS60- 4920 Cass 10 coNco Coudé 10 Sch¡n 26.3 Quarlz Príme 1960 38.5 Pyrer 97 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

TABLE B (co thúre¿L) APER- I TI'RE Et:!:v. TELES ' (rrre) rocos f/ oPsÊ' nE¡¡'{¡Ãs i^.) sÞoNso (r¡) I ¡¡r!/ TYPE SÞONSOIì (Fr) \rN''f ^wvÞ oBSERVATORY OBSERVATORY LOCÀTfON Quartz Cass', 30 Uuder 40 600 Refl Couilé lÍ Lindheime¡ Ast¡on. Nodùwestem f .in¡lhcimer Âskon. Evarstoû coûstl. U. Res. Ct¡, ILI,INO¡$ 4'6 P¡ex Newt 24 1953 State 6900 Refl Obs. il ,{rí2. Ätmos. Res. Flagstafi Coll. .ABTZONÀ 6'8 N^,v ?SsO R"t ¿o G"artt Cass 10 lass 195-q Flagstafi rt-s, ' Cass Refl 6I q U.S. Navsl Obs. 1963 Àst¡o- metric ARIZONA Pltex C¿ss 30 ct"L 7100 R"fl 15 ct J* i^s. FLcrt"fi --^irzo*o ,{strogeolog¡t surv' 2o'8 Ptnex Cass 7z u iq-c n's obs. 16 'rËä ii" fiä Lowell . ö; Cass ¡2i Ftagstafi AREONA ' 3 Câss 104 R"fl- -72 6'4 1932' New t¡¡âin- Ne*'t Py.* o. Wesleyaa- 7200 Pe¡kins Obs' 17'8 1962 Cass Di¡¡or 1965 O. Statti U. Lo¡r'ell Obs. 6 rY'* cass se ãã-- 1957 13 Tex. Obs. U' of 6825 McDonald Fort Davis U, of Chicago Ne{'t 4 BeinS Í'EXÀS Quaftz U. of Tex. ilesigned Cass I Unde¡ cotstL Couilé 18 Unde¡ 33 co¡tstr' Pyt"" Cass 13.5 Elæ- æ Uniler ' G¡eenbelt Coudé 30 Goddaril SPace constr' r\rARYr.ÁND Flight Ctl. Astron. Obs. 3 Glass 32 131 S"h- 1955 Harrbúg-Belgedo¡f Stemwarte 48 Ilamburg Glass GIÂMANY ¡"s 74 ezz Glass le63 Ètr 9,tn Helwan Helwa¡ Obs' Coudé 8.9 EGfP¡ 16 Cl"* C*. ,0- R"fl ß, 1'g5? Pgex Newt 3 Herstnoûceu¡ RoYalGreenwich 98 Reß Unde¡ ENCL¡ND ObS. const¡. Cass I5 Couilé 32 PY¡ex Newt 4 48 Refl 1982 U' - o¡t' 1820 rryd*"b"d- osmania Ñit"-iuh Cass t5 ' Coudé 30 ReÁ 1984 City U' of lowa Obs' Iowa 98 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

EABLE B (cor'tí red) ¡t'!ElR- IF ELEV. ÍELES. TURE OÞî¡CS DÁTEOF (r¡) (o¡.) TypE (rwr) rocus / Loc^TroN oDsEÂv¡.,loRY oern. nu'rerxs BTM,{RTS sÞoNsoR ll15Refl 20 Glass Nel*t 5 University-Stemrra.rte.Asùor. Unde¡ 1958 len Cass 20 IN5I' coDsb. GEßMANY Refl 36 Glass Cass f5 1960 492 Refl 28 Glass P¡ime 4.5 Ul¡. SSR Acad. Sci. 1959 Kiev, Newt 4. Ulgai¡e Cass 15 ussR ,{sbo- 4 metric U. 7êA Pyro 5.5 Kvoto Kw¿sân Obs- Refl Newt 1960 Kyoto 20 Cass JÀT,{N Glass Prime 3 7216 Obs. di Roma Sclrm 26 LÂquila 1959 Pyro IT.AJ-Y Cruces CoEalitos Obs. No¡t¡westem 1965 Las NEWMEXICO U. Cer¡o Tololo La Serena New Daiû .A,URÁ Refl 60 Unde¡ cru,E Inte¡-.Am, Obs. ¡rir¡o¡ 1965 const!, 36 Re0 Unde¡ constr, Lausa¡ne 1952 Ct"* N.*t 3J Obs, Udve¡sity lr48 Refl ' Cass 24 SwffzERLAND Being desþeil 4264 Schm 20 Glass P¡iee 2.5 Java Bosscha Obs. Lembang, f958 Unde¡ 28 Pltex oùDóNEsra const¡. 417 Schm 24 Unde¡ Glass Ptt-" 3 Cointe- Universþ Univelsitv Obs, Lìège, ( 1r5? Cass 3.75 coDstl. Sclessin ) Coudé l3 BELCI(N'f Unde¡ coDstr. Los,Angeles Oiai Sta. of Calif., U. Cass Los Ángeles CÀLIFOÂNIA Nas I¡uiwille 469 20.3 Pyrex Nel*t 5 U. of Sta¡ Lane Obs. Reû f956 Louiwille ENTUCKY Cass l9 Py¡ex Newt 4,5 Lvov 1964 Cass msR t6 Madisou Wis. 1190 Refl 30 Py¡ex Cass lBÍ U. of \Mashbum Obs. tgSS Unde¡ wlscoNs¡N constr. 1066 50 Como Glass 5 Melate, Obs. Astron. Ne\'t Refl 1960 ITALY Cass 531 Meudon Obs. de Paris Refl P¡ime r949 ¡'TT]INCE Cass 72 823 4.5 Glass Moscow Ste¡nberg .q.stlon. Refl P¡ime 7951 Inct ussÀ Newt 4.5 Cass 15 99 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

ffi I TABLE B (contiøæd') .{PER. i'*"1 "P- +-:::i .ñã ** TELES. TÛRE gPTICS. EI]EV. sPoNsoa "Ö- to åî" Q ,.î oBsF^v.{rony spoNsoa C'/_ uã c'lrr. ã08- ã;fl- iãõ- rv'* r':"" -- 5 Loc^rroN ;_=- rsse Pr' ffi"" - 22 -Glass Cass 1l 1956 Refl CALIFORNIÀ - câss ill 1964 PYrex 18 20,20 1946, Double i, 7 n 1962 .Astro- goph Pvrex cass rR 29 clã- 199? Re -stzo l Glats Cass 16 ilson Obs. Mt. 1963 IR 'A Mt. Wilson Red fuo*. '* ".n ,â m N:* 45 c.{rlFo¡Nr-a 1'g5s Nashville DYer Obs Cass 16 TENNESSEE n"a 24 a** 3:i 1s65 ,å :i Newa¡k Mt. Cuba Obs' Del. U. o{ Bz DEI-À$'âIÌE rl -.- --:- - ,* P1'rex L';ass rÐ ¡ùu¿ -r¡,."'r"o¡.lõõ- Refl 20 750 P-Y-"" Cass I0'3 Yale U. Haven BetlanY Sta' 1965 nåS 40 New Coudé 20 CONNECTICUÍ - Glass Prime l'4 1959 ls R"f lzsr Ondrejov Ond¡eiov Obs (Mak) CZECIIOSLOVAEÄ ZOO PYrex P¡irûe 13'3 1948 n"g SOOO Cass 6 Calif. Inst. Palomar Mtn Pafoma¡ of Tectrr. Coudé 30 Mou¡tain Obs. Schm 48 Pvrex Prù$e 2É Camegie Inst' Glass 1948 CAI,IÍORNIÀ .1a Cass t2.7 D^n ;; i'í; l95r fi:ä ãö õi; .3. 3å:ïu "'.i'til ze Pvrex Cook U.ofPa. ¡oã- n"l- 1956 IE È;it Flower and Philadelphia P¡ime 5 PENNSYLVANLA Py'o Cass lO51- R"fl 24 1958 Obs. U. of Mich # Portage Lake Portage Lake 5 PYrex P¡ime 1950 Schm 3 M¡CIIICÀN ilutt Newt ¡6 35 34 -- Glass P¡i¡¡e 1952 g51 s"h- 20 Potsdam ,{strophys' Obs' 27 Glass 32 Glass Cass Reo 28 1957 GEÂMANA P'Yrex Newt 1948 74 !õão n"s '4'8 cass Radclií{e Obs. 18 Pretoda Coudé 28 softTrl aFRfcÀ rli ri Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

-w l" I føtnB þoitínued) \ -{?ER. I ,rELEs. TURE DA'ÍE Or' Op,t'fCS TlrpE (o¡.) (rgp¡) rocus f/ (ttt oPER' REMARKS IF OBSERVÂTORY LocÀfroN RE!ÍÄR(S R"fl 36 Quartz Cass 10 1966 Princeton U. Obs. Princetot ñE'tt JERSEI 3 24 S ¿tx Pyrex 195e n Brighara Youag U' i.:* Provo Cass l/1\Ìl 15 Double Ästro- 246 Refl 20 Glass Coudé l16 3'5 195r Acad. Sci. Pulkovo $aPh Äst¡on. Obs. ?ì.-n*r Ze Class 1957 rrssB Metal Pdme 3 Acâd. Sci. 27 5 nr 1960 Cass 72 o¡ Glass Coudé 29 8 P¡nex Cass 22 Refl 1964 13 Riga I,ÀrytÀ rsor Refl 77 Glass te58 È:S rg Michel Obs. de Haute Saht ¡'FANCÉ P¡oveDce Coudé 30 Glass Cass t6 24 Refl 1959 San Diego State Diego San coll. Obs. C.{LIFORNIÄ 2 Glass 24 Cftlf" ZA1S Ref¡ 1956 18 U .f Natl. Obs. Santiago cqÛ,E 4'6 Glass Prime IS60 fSO Schm 26 Stockl.rolm Obs. SaltsjöbâdeD S\TIEDEN 30 Refr Sunspot Sacra¡ento Park ¡,G:çrcO obs. NEW Cass 16 24 1966 Ouartz - Refl coudé 33 Morntaín JPL Obs Table CÂTIÍFORNIÀ PYrex Ne\tt 4'5 19 Refl 1964 Cass 16 Tartu 'fJssR .3 Glass P¡ime 3 1081 Schm 53 1960 Ka¡l Schwa¡zschild German Glass Cass 10 7g Thuringen Obs. Àcail. Sci. Coudé 45 CERMÀNY 0 PJtex Pdme 5 1961 Mitaka 36 19g Refl Tokyo Ast¡on. Cass 18 Tokyo Sta' 2 ohs. 4'9 1960 Okayama Pyrex Newt 74 fZI4 Refl JAPÀN Sta. 18 Cass 29 Coudé 13 36 1960 Cass PYrex Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

.ffi I I T'ABLE B (contlnued) â}ER- TELES. TUÂE E:EV. DATE OF OSfICS ¡ocÀTroN oBsERvaroaY sPoNsoR (rr) TYPE (n¡.) (rrrr) rocus f/ orrn' nrlalrs 3'2 1948 7180 Scbm 26 Tr"*t l"tt. Tonanbintla Obs. U. of Mexico MExrrco Refl 13 1963 3 Prime University Obs. N. Copemicus 350 Schm T""- 1962 U. ' Cass 36 por,AÀrD 22 I3.5 196I Pyrex Cass ÀUnA 6850 Ret 36 Kitt Peak Natl. T"*"" ' 13'5 Cass Rel 36 .a¡zoNÀ Obs. Unile¡ const¡. t3 1965 Semiauto- Metal Cass Refl 50 eatrc 60 l9Bl Solar Quartz Prime Refl 63 Plrex Cass Re0 84 7.5 ' Couilé 30.5 Refl 150 Quarø {"iog lg1 tn* P'r,* C^, 16 ,L5 U-f .{rL 8390 R"fl Stt T"*"" C"t"ll"" P)'¡ex Cass 16 Refl 29 l¡tzoNÀ l9g? P¡nex Câss f3.5 Re[ 6t 1964 Cass 45 Refl 61 Metal Cas$ 16 1965 IR teles. Glass Priu¡e 5 36 U. ofÁ¡iz. 6850 Rç Obs. 1963 Re- Stewarcl rtounte¿l Cass 15 Kitt at Peak A1 Refl Quartz Unile¡ const¡. 33 Cl"* Ptl-" ,5 344 S"h- Uccle 1958 Royal Obs. 46 Quartz Cass 10 AEITGIIIM 66 Schm 39.4 Glass Prime 3 1962 - Uppsala Obs. Uppsala 53 PY."* SW:EDEN 4 P1rlex Prime Refl 48 750 196l B.C, Dominion Obs. Victoria, Cass 18 Couilé 30 -% Pyt"- C*. ll00 R"fl Bay 1964 Tube U. of Yerkes Obs. Williarns ¡otatable Chicago wrscoNs¡N for polari- ' zatioD stuilies R"n 40 c€rvit Y"*i. ::: ,Lu Coudé 26 Compileil from Anrøicø Ephømeñs anil various listings by B. H. Rule, reviseil August 1966. r02 l\* I Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

MNOR FEDEruLLY FUNDED ASTRONOMICAL FACILITIES orctru.c'teil Since 7945 C INSTRI'À4E]NT OF COST ONLY . BEMÀ¡RS ¿r 1963 F¡.CIL TY DESCRTPA'ION PRICD LEVEL $ Tso¡rsANDs ) ( lec ¡ues $ r,050 usAF- ÂstroD. Cass/Coudé OE-Axis 60" 20 Ce¡¡o Tololo Cass NSF Àshon. Ofi-Axís 38" IDter-ADer. Obs. ô5 Cass ,{stroû. !6" ñSf Ofi-.{xis l-,-ãGt""kN"tl5bt Altna g6" Unde¡ Cass 27É A.suon. Ofi-Axis coDsh. 2,500 M Cass/Coudé Fork SeDiaùtoÈ sola¡ 3,500 60" ^shor, Sola¡ Fo¡k matic 2,500 50" Const¡.) Cass ¡emote ( 36" and Sola¡ $r0,130 Sola¡ 4,000 Ha¡va¡d 4.5" USAF Þu¡"g lsac¡amento Peak Obs. coro l- 6",16" designed grâphl Fla¡elat¡ol 1,500 I0.5",3" Ref¡ ONR. U. Colo. 4. Climax Obs. USAF A.stroEetric 1,200 IR teles. 5. USN Flagstafi TorÀLs Re- oPfrcÀ! $16'830 mou¡ted at Kitt Peak Unde¡ Radio Observato¡Y Facilities $ Eouâtor. 375 85' Railio ast¡on. Parab. c:onsh. Obs. NSF (Constr.) ,A.UI 1. Natl. Râdio.Astron. Eåuato¡. 13,500 l4O' Parab. T¡aasit M;rid. Tr. 900 300' Pa¡ab Calib. 75 13 X 17' Hom $r4,850 I t.-t"'to. $ friãl- p";b. e7o Inst. ONR (2)90' À,r;b. Calif. 2. Owens VaIIey Obs' of Tech. Radioastrori. 375 Equator. Mich. ONR Parab. U. of 85', 3. Uriv. Mich. Obs. astron. I10 Radio Tube EquatoÌ. Harvaril NSF Parab. 60' , RaöoastroÈ 95 4, Harvard Coll. Obs. ¡otâtâble Equator. Parab. 2A' for polari- Ratlio astron. 350 Equato¡. Calif. Parab. 85' zatioD ONR U. of 5. Hat C¡eek Obs. Radioâstron. I 45 Equator. Pa¡ab. stu¿lies Unile¡ 300 I1l. 400' Fixed earth 600 X ONR U. of 6. Ill. Radio Obs coDstf. cl. Parab. MO Cross array Sola¡ U. USÄF 375' Equator. Stanfo¡d 7. Stanfor¿l U. Pa¡ab. ( 32) 10', Iûte Pa¡ab. 60 er. StaDfor¿l U. USrq'F (2)30' Equator. Parab. 350 Rada¡ Stanford U./ USAF 150' Alt-Âz SRI 103 .i r*".. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

xI TABLE C (coñtltwpd.) INSTRUMEIiI¡ cosl o¡ff.Y ¡.r1963 ¡'ÁG¡LTTÍ DESCIIEÎTON P¡@ LE!'EL FVNDINC ÍrousÁNDs) ($ SPONSOR AGEI{! OBSERVÁTOBÍ u. NsF ohio srate 8. Ohio State U. $ 450 Radio ast¡on. Equator. Rediôâstron- 375 Equato¡. 85' 9. Foft Dâvìs Pa¡ab. Ra¿lioâstroû, 250 ONR/NRL EqrÌator. ONR 84' f0. NRLMarylanil Pt. Pa¡ab. Radioastron. 300 Ali-Az 50' Washin6on Meteo¡ & Trough NBS/ 11. Ilaward Meteor ( Illinois ) obse¡vation Hava¡d U ¡"*l St"*"Ulq¡*¿ I 4,000 n"ttft Comell 12. Comell ( Arecibo ) t :tjl ,j TOîAI5 AÀDIO $23,620 ìr: '.1t: Note: Costs do not i¡clude property, auxiliary instruûetrts, or oPeration. ii ir. ill i::: ìì ri: :iì .i¡:: i1 by State and Príoate MAIOR ASTRONOMICAL FACILITIES COMPLETED Since 7945 TABLE D l1 riì. Ilntueriôt¡ps (No Federal Funds) INSTRI'MENT l;l cosl oNI-Y r963 .t'li PRICE LE!'EL $ r¡¡orn¡rws) ( $ A.stlor. 8,500 I. P¡ime focus/ Yoke Calif. Inst. 200 Palomar Cass/Couilé of Tech. 'il Asìlon. Fo¡k Schmidt t72 48 2,t70 ;.iiì Cass/Couilé U. of Calif. 2- Lick t24 Fork U. of Texas 3, McDonald rl U. of Chicago trl Fork U. of Mich. 4. Portage Lake ,ìl AstÌon. U. of Wisc. Cass 5. Washbum :Ìi Totals $11.749 tij| lit Note: Costs include mounting, optics complete, dome, and buildi¡g, but not othe¡ iDstruments, oPeraÉons, or Prcperty. 'i Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

E TABLE COSTS OF LARGE BADIO ASTRONOMY PARABOLIC ANTENN,{S Steerablø Mounti,ngs Aboae 31-þ Dinn. - Equúorial or Ali-Azirn th 'TRI'¡,fEN¡' ST ONLY Mountings (Reoised to lan. 7963 Costs per Prbe Inderes) 1963 ÂPER- tciÉ LÈVEL 1963 costs T¡'RE TEOüSANDS ) (ù.s. YEA¡ DIÀM. MOÛNA FOÂ .w.A\¡E RY F¡8. $ rrrovs, ws ) MIìC- ( ¡-¡. ) LENCTH OBSMV.{TORY TYPE 3l lst US ântennâ \4/heaton,Ill. G. Rebe¡ - 450 cm g2 L5 Câltecl\ Owens Valley Equator. 5 Caltech Calif., Equato¡. l0 co Philco/ U. of 250 calif, u. of Calif. Hat Creek, 300 40 AIr-At Blaw K¡ox USAF Tracking, Delawa¡e, O. D.C. l"- NRL, Wash., Collins 50 4000 Alt-.{z Collins Radar 50 3,820 DS Ke¡nedv Harva¡d Obs. Equâtor. 20 cm 60 Alt-Az Telemetry DS Keûnedy Telemetry Commerci¿l 60 -- cm- Telefu¡Ìen Bon¡, Cermâry 20 460(2) MIT Líucol¡ Lab Radar DS Kennedy 84 AIt-.4.2 Neth. 90 cm- Dwingelo, 85 Neth. * cm Blaw lGox Equator. 5 JPL, Goldstone AUI, Green Bank, W.Va. Blaw Knox 85 Equator. 3 crtr 2a'l] Blaw K¡ox U. of Mich- 85 Eqùator. Equator. l0 cE U. of Calif., s5 350 PrtuaÍe Hat Creek, Calif. PL Kennedy f957 Eq""t-. l0 S4 NRL, Maryland 250 DS I'MEIqT ""t I(n":r 1160 JPL, Cotd".". S5 ,{It-,{" 5.il ONLY Bl"* ?50 63 Equator. (2) 5cm 1958 90 Valley Câltech/.{llison Caltech, Owens 970 LEVEL 1963 CùS,q,N'DS ) Lab N4,4. I2O 5 c¡n Ält-Az MIT Lincoln 1,900 00 140 Equato¡. 3 cm Coûst¡. Stone-Webster A.UI, Greenba.nk 13,500 1159 S." 150 Alt-,A.2 long 00 Sta¡{ord Obs 350 ::- Constr. 2,700 150 ÁIt-Az l0 cm Canada IU NRC of M.A.N. CSIRO, Àushalia M..A..N. Ger. 1961 ,A 2IO ,{t-Az l0 cm 2,500 R"ht C".rh. Irt000 2IO Alt-Az I0 cm JPL, Goldstone t6 Ig5S 5'000-10'000 H*bæd Alt-Az 2I cm+ 250 Jodrell Bank r9 no reâ¿loì¡t or radiofrequency equipEent. Note: 1. Costs include mountìng, erection, ¿ldve, and control - 2. CoÉected costs to JaDuary 1963 based oo naHo¡al average price index for equipEeDt. 3. This list DoEs Nor rNcLnDE tl-re following aûterùa types: a. Stee¡able antennas belorv 30-ft diam; b. Large radar scatte¡, war¡ing systems, etc.; c. Large moltiple a¡d cluste¡ arays; d. Defense or classitãd projects. I05 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

F TOTAL COSTS FOR LIAGE OPTICAL TELESCOPES Co¡rected. to lan. 7963 TABLE From Natinnal Aoeruge Cos't Indør Factors for Equipment Includ¿s - Dom¿-Build,úng; Telescope Mu.nrt; anìI Conplpte Optìcs : Does Not Inchtil¿ - Lø.nd; Síte Døoelopment; Obseming Ir*truments anìI Atnilía¡i¿s (rsr.) cosrs on TELESCOPT xE-a.R 1963 F]ONDT\G A.PEÂTURE oPER. ($ rnous,eNos ) (w.) o¡sEÂvÁToRY TÍPE ,IND MOVIVITNC ACEIYI sPoN6oR 1s61 16 (55 ) Kitt Peak Nâd. Obs. Á,UR¡. NSF Ofi-axis Cass le58 lAl2ß (80 ) Fo¡k Calif. Inst, of Private Schmidt Paloma¡ Tech. / Carnegie I¡st. of Wash. Fo¡k 1958 State Schmidt Mich. Lâke Ul38 276 U. of Portâge Fo¡k Const¡, NASA Cass l Lurâ¡ hiuev Caltech 25 Paloma¡-Mt. Ofi-axis t960 NSF Cass 36 ,A.URÂ 275 Kftt Peat< NarI. Obs.' Fo¡k 1957 State Cass 36 McDonald U. of Chicago 124 Fork 1958 Stâte Cass Wisc. 36 Washbum 139 U. of Ofi-axis 1963 Auskalia Ausbal. Cass/Couilé 40 Mt. StroÞlo 350 Govt. Fo¡k P¡elím. f60) Southem Australia Group Ausual. ( Cass/Couclé 40 European Govt. 1961 Victoda Obs. 360 Fo¡k Cass/Coudé Canaila Dominion 48 1948 of Paloma¡ Fork Calif.Inst 675 Private 48t72 Schmült Tech. / Camegie Inst of Wash. Constr. Obs. Obs. ( 1,200) USN Fork Naval 60 U.S. Naval Cass (800 4 Opt. ) P¡elim. Paloma¡ Fo¡k ( 650 Calif. Inst. of Cass/Couilé ) 60 Tech. / Camegie lnst. oI Wash. O$-axis AUB-{. Obs. r,050) P¡elim Cass/PF/Coudé NSF ( 60 Cbite Cass/Coudé Fork obs. A.UB-A. 1,200 ) Kitt Peâk Nâd. NSF 1963 ( 84 CtW Wilson Ner¡4/Cass/CoudéYoke r,680) ( 1908 Mt. Private r00 Olil est. ) ( Fork Liclc Obs. 2,4.0 PF/Cass/Coudé 1959 U. of Calif. State 720 Yoke Kítt Peak Nad. Obs. AURÄ PF,/Cass,/Coudé P¡elim. 7,800 NSF r50 Yoke Paloma¡ PF/Cass./Coudé 6,950 Calif. Inst. of Privâte 1948 200 Tech. / Camegie Inst. of lüash. r06 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program Get This Book
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Astronomy has as its domain the study of the celestial bodies—the sun, planets, stars, clouds of gas between the stars, galaxies—and undeniably the entire universe considered as a single system. Astronomy's goal is to learn the nature of these diverse objects and to relate their properties, their motions, and their distribution in space in a unified world picture; to understand the evolutionary development of the universe from the time of its formation to the present epoch of observation and beyond; and indeed to discover, if possible, its original state and its final destiny.

Emphasizing astronomy as a pure science, this report presents the challenges scientists and the government face in regards to radio and optical astronomical programs. Ground-based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program explores a balanced course for new facilities of ground-based astronomy in the next decade, and provides recommendations to create a progressive program that considers a wide spectrum of past inadequacies and future growth components. Outlining guiding principles and estimates of facility costs, Ground-based Astronomy examines present positions in research and development to further advancement of astronomy in various sectors.

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