3
Ad Hoc Study Committees:
Activities and Membership
When a sponsor requests that the Space Studies Board (SSB) conduct a study, an ad hoc committee is established for that purpose. The committee terminates when the study is completed. These study committees are subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act, Section 15, because they provide advice and recommendations to the federal government. The SSB and/or one of its standing committees provide oversight for ad hoc study committee activities. Twelve ad hoc study committees were organized, met, or released studies during 2010. (Activities and membership are summarized below.)
In addition, one ad hoc committee produced a report in 2009 and was formally disbanded in 2010—the report of the ad hoc Committee on the Role and Scope of Mission-Enabling Activities in NASA’s Space and Earth Science Missions, An Enabling Foundation for NASA’s Earth and Space Science Missions, was summarized in the 2009 annual report.
Also in 2010, work began to form the Committee on the Assessment of NASA’s Earth Science Programs, an ad hoc committee to review the alignment of NASA’s Earth Science Division’s program with previous NRC advice, primarily the 2007 NRC decadal survey report, Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond.
ASSESSING REQUIREMENTS FOR SUSTAINED OCEAN COLOR RESEARCH AND OPERATIONS
The Ocean Studies Board formed the ad hoc Committee on Assessing Requirements for Sustained Ocean Color Research and Operations, in collaboration with the SSB, to identify the ocean color data needs for a broad range of end users, develop a consensus for the requirements, and outline options to meet these needs on a sustained basis.
The committee held the following meetings: February 11-12 via teleconference; April 20-22, Keck Center, Washington D.C., June 28-30, Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center, Irvine, California; October 14, Keck Center, Washington D.C.; November 2-4, Keck Center, Washington D.C.; and December 7-9, Miami, Florida. Members of the SSB Committee on Earth Studies and SSB staff attended the June 28-30 meeting.
A report of the committee is expected to be released in Summer 2011.
Membership
James A. Yoder, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (chair)
David Antoine, Laboratoire d’Oceanographie de Villefranche
Carlos E. Del Castillo, Johns Hopkins University
Robert H. Evans, Jr., University of Miami
Curtis Mobley, Sequoia Scientific, Inc.
Jorge L. Sarmiento, Princeton University
Shubha Sathyendranath, Bedford Institute of Oceanography
Carl F. Schueler, Raytheon Company (retired)
David A. Siegel, University of California, Berkeley
Cara Wilson, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Staff
Claudia Mengelt, Program Officer, Ocean Studies Board (study director)
Arthur A. Charo, Senior Program Officer, SSB
ASSESSMENT OF IMPEDIMENTS TO INTERAGENCY COOPERATION ON SPACE AND EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS
The ad hoc Committee on the Assessment of Impediments to Interagency Cooperation on Space and Earth Science Missions was formed to assess impediments, including cost growth, to the successful conduct of interagency cooperation on Earth science and space science missions; to identify lessons learned and best practices from past interagency Earth science and space science missions; and to recommend steps to help facilitate successful interagency collaborations on Earth science and space science missions.
During the first half of 2010, the committee finalized its draft report, which entered external peer review in July. A prepublication version of the report, Assessment of Impediments to Interagency Collaboration on Space and Earth Science Missions, was issued in November and briefed to NASA officials and to staff of the House Science and Technology’s Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics. Further briefings are planned for the first quarter of 2011. The Executive Summary of this report is reproduced in Chapter 5 of this report.
Membership
D. James Baker, The William J. Clinton Foundation (co-chair)
Daniel N. Baker, University of Colorado at Boulder (co-chair)
David A. Bearden, The Aerospace Corporation
Charles L. Bennett, Johns Hopkins University
Stacey Boland, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Antonio J. Busalacchi, Jr., University of Maryland, College Park
Carlos E. Del Castillo, Johns Hopkins University
Antonio L. Elias, Orbital Sciences Corporation
Margaret Finarelli, George Mason University
Todd R. La Porte, University of California, Berkeley
Margaret S. Leinen, Climate Response Fund
Scott N. Pace, George Washington University
Graeme L. Stephens, Colorado State University
Annalisa L. Weigel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Michael S. Witherell, University of California, Santa Barbara
A. Thomas Young, Lockheed Martin Corporation (retired)
Staff
Arthur A. Charo, Senior Program Officer, SSB
Joseph K. Alexander, Senior Program Officer, SSB
Abigail A. Sheffer, Associate Program Officer, SSB
Carmela J. Chamberlain, Administrative Coordinator, SSB
Terri Baker, Senior Program Assistant, SSB
ASSESSMENT OF NASA LABORATORY CAPABILITIES
Congress directed NASA to arrange for an independent assessment of NASA laboratory capabilities; as a result, the National Research Council’s (NRC’s) Laboratory Assessments Board (LAB), in collaboration with the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board (ASEB) and SSB, formed the ad hoc Committee on Assessment of NASA Laboratory Capabilities to carry out a review of NASA’s laboratories to determine whether they are equipped and maintained at a level adequate to support NASA’s fundamental science and engineering research activities.
The committee held its third and final meeting on January 18-19 to develop its final report. Consensus was achieved on February 23, and a draft report was submitted for NRC review on February 26. The final report, Capabilities for the Future: An Assessment of NASA Laboratories for Basic Research, was submitted to the sponsor, NASA, on April 28 and released to the public on May 11. Briefings were provided during the month of May to NASA, House and Senate staffers, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the Office of Management and Budget. The report’s Summary is reprinted in Chapter 5.
Membership
John T. Best, U.S. Air Force Arnold Engineering Development Center (co-chair)
Joseph B. Reagan, Lockheed Martin Corporation (retired) (co-chair)
William F. Ballhaus, Jr., The Aerospace Corporation (retired)
Peter M. Banks, Astrolabe Ventures
Ramon L. Chase, Booz Allen Hamilton
Ravi B. Deo, EMBR
Neil A. Duffie, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Michael G. Dunn, Ohio State University
Blair B. Gloss, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (retired)
Marvine P. Hamner, LeaTech, LLC; George Washington University; Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute
Wesley L. Harris, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Basil Hassan, Sandia National Laboratories
Joan Hoopes, Orbital Technologies Corporation
William E. McClintock, University of Colorado
Edward D. McCullough, The Boeing Company (retired)
Todd J. Mosher, Sierra Nevada Corporation
Eli Reshotko, Case Western Reserve University
John C. Sommerer,1 Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
James M. Tien, University of Miami
Candace E. Wark, Illinois Institute of Technology
Staff
John F. Wendt, Senior Program Officer, ASEB (study director)
James P. McGee, Director, LAB
Arul Mozhi, Senior Program Officer, LAB
Liza Hamilton, Administrative Coordinator, LAB
Eva Labre, Program Associate, LAB
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS DECADAL SURVEY
The SSB and the NRC’s Board on Physics and Astronomy (BPA), initiated the astronomy and astrophysics decadal survey, Astro2010, to survey the field of space- and ground-based astronomy and astrophysics, recommending priorities for the most important scientific and technical activities of the decade 2010-2020. The survey took place over 18 months and comprised two overlapping phases. The first phase was mostly concerned with establishing
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1 Resigned from committee January 18, 2010.
a science program, fact-finding, and establishing a procedure for the second phase. The second phase was concerned with creating a prioritized, balanced, and executable series of research activities—that is, ground- and space-based research programs, projects, telescopes, and missions—that define the forefront of astronomy and astrophysics for the decade 2011-2020.
The Astro2010 survey committee was assisted in its work by a series of nine panels addressing various topics—five science frontiers panels and four program prioritization panels. The survey committee was responsible for synthesizing the panel outputs, determining priorities and recommendations, and preparing the final report, which has two volumes (a main committee report and a volume that contains reports from the panels).
During 2010, the nine panel reports went through the NRC’s peer-review process, and the survey committee held their last two (closed) meetings in January and February. The survey committee’s report entered NRC review in May. The main committee report, New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics, was released as a prepublication on August 13 and printed in December. The Executive Summary of New Worlds, New Horizons is reproduced in Chapter 5. The reports of the panels are contained in Panel Reports—New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics, which was released as a prepublication on August 30. The summaries of the panel reports are also reproduced in Chapter 5.
Following release of the survey, the Office of Science and Technology Policy requested that the NRC convene a panel to consider whether NASA’s Euclid proposal is consistent with achieving the priorities, goals, and recommendations, and with pursuing the science strategy, articulated in the survey (see the section below entitled, “Implementing Recommendations from New Worlds, New Horizons Decadal Survey”).
Survey Committee Membership
Roger D. Blandford, Stanford University (chair)
Martha P. Haynes, Cornell University (vice chair)
John P. Huchra, Harvard University (vice chair)
Marcia J. Rieke, University of Arizona (vice chair)
Lynne Hillenbrand, California Institute of Technology (executive officer)
Steven J. Battel, Battel Engineering
Lars Bildsten, University of California, Santa Barbara
John E. Carlstrom, University of Chicago
Debra M. Elmegreen, Vassar College
Joshua Frieman, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Fiona A. Harrison, California Institute of Technology
Timothy M. Heckman, Johns Hopkins University
Robert C. Kennicutt, Jr., University of Cambridge
Jonathan I. Lunine, University of Arizona and University of Rome, Tor Vergata
Claire E. Max, University of California, Santa Cruz
Dan McCammon, University of Wisconsin
Steven M. Ritz, University of California, Santa Cruz
Juri Toomre, University of Colorado
Scott D. Tremaine, Institute for Advanced Study
Michael S. Turner, University of Chicago
Neil deGrasse Tyson, Hayden Planetarium, American Museum of Natural History
Paul A. Vanden Bout, National Radio Astronomy Observatory
A. Thomas Young, Lockheed Martin Corporation (retired)
Staff
Donald C. Shapero, Director, BPA
Michael H. Moloney, Director, SSB (study director)
Robert L. Riemer, Senior Program Officer, BPA
David Lang, Program Officer, BPA
Teri Thorowgood, Administrative Coordinator, BPA
Carmela J. Chamberlain, Administrative Coordinator, SSB
Caryn J. Knutsen, Research Associate, BPA
Beth Dolan, Financial Associate, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
SCIENCE FRONTIERS PANELS
Panel on Cosmology and Fundamental Physics Membership
David N. Spergel, Princeton University (chair)
David Weinberg, Ohio State University (vice chair)
Rachel Bean, Cornell University
Neil Cornish, Montana State University
Jonathan Feng, University of California, Irvine
Alex V. Filippenko, University of California, Berkeley
Wick C. Haxton, University of California, Berkeley
Marc P. Kamionkowski, California Institute of Technology
Lisa Randall, Harvard University
Eun-Suk Seo, University of Maryland
David Tytler, University of California, San Diego
Clifford M. Will, Washington University
Panel on Galactic Neighborhood Membership
Michael J. Shull, University of Colorado (chair)
Julianne Dalcanton, University of Washington (vice chair)
Leo Blitz, University of California, Berkeley
Bruce T. Draine, Princeton University
Robert Fesen, Dartmouth University
Karl Gebhardt, University of Texas
Juna Kollmeier, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington
Crystal Martin, University of California, Santa Barbara
Jason Tumlinson, Space Telescope Science Institute
Daniel Wang, University of Massachusetts
Dennis Zaritsky, University of Arizona
Stephen Zepf, Michigan State University
Panel on Galaxies across Cosmic Time Membership
C. Megan Urry, Yale University (chair)
Mitchell C. Begelman, University of Colorado (vice chair)
Andrew J. Baker, Rutgers University
Neta A. Bahcall, Princeton University
Romeel Davé, University of Arizona
Tiziana Di Matteo, Carnegie Mellon University
Henric S.W. Krawczynski, Washington University
Joseph Mohr, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Richard F. Mushotzky, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Chris S. Reynolds, University of Maryland
Alice Shapley, University of California, Los Angeles
Tommaso Treu, University of California, Santa Barbara
Jaqueline H. van Gorkom, Columbia University
Eric M. Wilcots, University of Wisconsin
Panel on Planetary Systems and Star Formation Membership
Lee W. Hartmann, University of Michigan (chair)
Dan M. Watson, University of Rochester (vice chair)
Hector Arce, Yale University
Claire Chandler, National Radio Astronomy Observatory
David Charbonneau, Harvard University
Eugene Chiang, University of California, Berkeley
Suzan Edwards, Smith College
Eric Herbst, Ohio State University
David C. Jewitt, University of California, Los Angeles
James P. Lloyd, Cornell University
Eve C. Ostriker, University of Maryland
David J. Stevenson, California Institute of Technology
Jonathan C. Tan, University of Florida
Panel on Stars and Stellar Evolution Membership
Roger A. Chevalier, University of Virginia (chair)
Robert Kirshner, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (vice chair)
Deepto Chakrabarty, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Suzanne Hawley, University of Washington
Jeffrey R. Kuhn, University of Hawaii
Stanley Owocki, University of Delaware
Marc Pinsonneault, Ohio State University
Eliot Quataert, University of California, Berkeley
Scott Ransom, National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Hendrik Schatz, Michigan State University
Lee Anne Willson, Iowa State University
Stanford E. Woosley, University of California, Santa Cruz
PROGRAM PRIORITIZATION PANELS
Panel on Electromagnetic Observations from Space Membership
Alan Dressler, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington (chair)
Michael Bay, Bay Engineering Innovations
Alan P. Boss, Carnegie Institution of Washington
Mark Devlin, University of Pennsylvania
Megan Donahue, Michigan State University
Brenna Flaugher, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Tom Greene, NASA Ames Research Center
Puragra (Raja) GuhaThakurta, University of California Observatories/Lick Observatory
Michael G. Hauser, Space Telescope Science Institute
Harold McAlister, Georgia State University
Peter F. Michelson, Stanford University
Ben R. Oppenheimer, American Museum of Natural History
Frits Paerels, Columbia University
Adam Reiss, Johns Hopkins University
George H. Rieke, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona
Paul L. Schechter, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Todd Tripp, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Panel on Optical and Infrared Astronomy from the Ground Membership
Patrick S. Osmer, Ohio State University (chair)
Michael Skrutskie, University of Virginia (vice chair)
Charles Bailyn, Yale University
Betsy Barton, University of California, Irvine
Todd A. Boroson, National Optical Astronomy Observatory
Daniel Eisenstein, University of Arizona
Andrea M. Ghez, University of California, Los Angeles
J. Todd Hoeksema, Stanford University
Robert P. Kirshner, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Bruce Macintosh, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Piero Madau, University of California, Santa Cruz
John Monnier, University of Michigan
Iain Neill Reid, Space Telescope Science Institute
Charles E. Woodward, University of Minnesota
Panel on Particle Astrophysics and Gravitation Membership
Jacqueline N. Hewitt, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (chair)
Eric G. Adelberger, University of Washington
Andreas Albrecht, University of California, Davis
Elena Aprile, Columbia University
Jonathan Arons, University of California, Berkeley
Barry C. Barish, California Institute of Technology
Joan Centrella, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Douglas Finkbeiner, Harvard University
Kathy Flanagan, Space Telescope Science Institute
Gabriela Gonzalez, Louisiana State University
James B. Hartle, University of California, Santa Barbara
Steven M. Kahn, Stanford University
N. Jeremy Kasdin, Princeton University
Teresa Montaruli, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Angela V. Olinto, University of Chicago
Rene A. Ong, University of California, Los Angeles
Helen R. Quinn, SLAC National Laboratory (retired)
Panel on Radio, Millimeter and Submillimeter from the Ground Membership
Neal J. Evans, University of Texas (chair)
James M. Moran, Harvard University (vice chair)
Crystal Brogan, National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Aaron S. Evans, University of Virginia
Sarah Gibson, National Center for Atmospheric Research, High Altitude Observatory
Jason Glenn, University of Colorado, Boulder
Nickolay Y. Gnedin, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Cornelia C. Lang, University of Iowa
Maura McLaughlin, West Virginia University
Miguel Morales, University of Washington
Lyman A. Page, Jr., Princeton University
Jean L. Turner, University of California, Los Angeles
David J. Wilner, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
COST GROWTH IN NASA EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE MISSIONS
The ad hoc Committee on Cost Growth in NASA Earth and Space Science Missions was formed to review existing cost growth studies related to NASA space and Earth science missions and identify their key causes of cost growth and strategies for mitigating cost growth; assess whether those key causes remain applicable in the current environment and identifying any new major causes; and evaluate the effectiveness of current and planned NASA cost growth mitigation strategies and, as appropriate, recommend new strategies to ensure frequent mission opportunities.
The committee met for the fourth and final time in Boulder, Colorado, on January 11-12 to focus on development of the final report. The draft report was submitted for NRC review in April. The final report, Controlling Cost Growth of NASA Earth and Space Science Missions, was released to the public on July 13. The report’s Summary is reprinted in Chapter 5.
Membership
Ronald M. Sega, Colorado State University (chair)
Vassilis Angelopoulos, University of California, Los Angeles
Allan V. Burman, Jefferson Consulting Group, LLC
Olivier L. de Weck, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Robert E. Deemer, Regis University
Larry W. Esposito, University of Colorado, Boulder
Joseph Fuller, Jr., Futron Corporation
Joseph W. Hamaker, Science Applications International Corporation
Victoria E. Hamilton, Southwest Research Institute
John M. Klineberg, Aerospace Consultant
Bruce D. Marcus, TRW Inc. (retired)
Emery I. Reeves, Independent Consultant
William F. Townsend, Independent Consultant
Staff
Alan C. Angleman, Senior Program Officer, ASEB (study director)
Andrea M. Rebholz, Program Associate, ASEB
Linda Walker, Senior Project Assistant, SSB
DECADAL STRATEGY FOR SOLAR AND SPACE PHYSICS (HELIOPHYSICS)
The Decadal Strategy for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) was formed to conduct a broadly based assessment decadal survey of the scientific priorities of the U.S. solar and space physics research enterprise for the period 2013-2022. During the first half of 2010, the NRC approved the study prospectus, agreement had been reached with agency sponsors regarding the survey’s terms of reference, and appointments to the various survey committees occurred. The survey is composed of a steering committee supported by three discipline-oriented study panels: the Panel on Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Interactions, Panel on Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Interactions, and the Panel on Solar and Heliospheric Physics. In addition, five “national capabilities working groups,” made up of community members who are willing to serve as unpaid consultants, assist the steering committee and panels in gathering information and providing context to the survey’s work in the following focus areas: Theory and Modeling and Data Exploitation; Explorers, Suborbital, and Other Platforms; Innovations: Technology, Instruments, Data Systems; Research to Operations/Operations to Research; and Workforce and Education.
The steering committee for the survey held its first meeting on September 1-3 at the National Academies’ Keck Center in Washington, D.C. At this meeting, the study panels and working groups were formed and planning occurred for several town hall events.
During the third quarter of 2010, a solicitation to the community for mission concepts and related activities that might be undertaken in the coming decade drew 288 responses, all of which are posted on the survey’s Web site.
Representatives from the survey also conducted town hall meetings and outreach events at the University of California, Los Angeles; University of California, Berkeley; University of Maryland; National Center for Atmospheric Research; University of New Hampshire; University of Michigan; Arecibo Observatory; Southwest Research Institute; University of Texas, Dallas; and at the National Science Foundation (NSF) Upper Atmosphere Facilities Fall 2010 Meeting in Roanoke, Virginia. The final town hall event of 2010 occurred in December at the fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union.
The three discipline-oriented study panels first met in November. The survey’s five cross-disciplinary working groups were constituted, and one—Theory, Modeling, and Data Exploitation—held a meeting in Boulder, Colorado. As the quarter ended, planning was underway for the 2011 meetings of the disciplinary panels and working groups and related events. Finally, many activities were underway in connection with the planned cost and technical evaluation of selected mission concepts.
The final report of the committee is anticipated by the end of the first quarter of 2012.
Steering Committee Membership
Daniel Baker, University of Colorado, Boulder (chair)
Thomas Zurbuchen, University of Michigan (vice chair)
Brian H. Anderson, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
Steven J. Battel, Battel Engineering
James F. Drake, Jr., University of Maryland, College Park
Lennard A. Fisk, University of Michigan
Marvin Geller, State University of New York at Stony Brook
Sarah Gibson, National Center for Atmospheric Research
Michael A. Hesse, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
J. Todd Hoeksema, Stanford University
David L. Hysell, Cornell University
Mary K. Hudson, Dartmouth College
Thomas Immel, University of California, Berkeley
Justin Kasper, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Judith L. Lean, Naval Research Laboratory
Ramon E. Lopez, University of Texas, Arlington
Howard J. Singer, NOAA Space Weather Prediction center
Harlan E. Spence, University of New Hampshire
Edward C. Stone, California Institute of Technology
Staff
Arthur A. Charo, Senior Program Officer, SSB (study director)
Maureen Mellody, Program Officer, ASEB
Abigail Sheffer, Associate Program Officer, SSB
Linda Walker, Senior Program Assistant, SSB
Lewis Groswald, Research Associate, SSB
Terri Baker, Senior Program Assistant, SSB
Panel on Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Interactions Membership
Jeffrey M. Forbes, University of Colorado, Boulder (chair)
James H. Clemmons, The Aerospace Corporation (vice chair)
Odile de la Beaujardiere, Air Force Research Laboratory
John V. Evans, COMSAT Corporation (retired)
Roderick A. Heelis, University of Texas, Dallas
Thomas Immel, University of California, Berkeley
Janet U. Kozyra, University of Michigan
William Lotko, Dartmouth College
Gang Lu, High Altitude Observatory
Kristina A. Lynch, Dartmouth College
Jens Oberheide, Clemson University
Larry J. Paxton, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
Robert F. Pfaff, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Joshua Semeter, Boston University
Jeffrey P. Thayer, University of Colorado, Boulder
Panel on Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Interactions Membership
Michelle F. Thomsen, Los Alamos National Laboratory (chair)
Michael Wiltberger, National Center for Atmospheric Research (vice chair)
Joseph Borovsky, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Joseph F. Fennell, The Aerospace Corporation
Jerry Goldstein, Southwest Research Institute
Janet C. Green, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Donald A. Gurnett, University of Iowa
Lynn M. Kistler, University of New Hampshire
Michael W. Liemohn, University of Michigan
Robyn Millan, Dartmouth College
Donald G. Mitchell, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
Tai D. Phan, University of California, Berkeley
Michael Shay, University of Delaware
Harlan E. Spence, University of New Hampshire
Richard M. Thorne, University of California, Los Angeles
Panel on Solar and Heliospheric Physics Membership
Richard A. Mewaldt, California Institute of Technology (chair)
Spiro K. Antiochos, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (vice chair)
Timothy S. Bastian, National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Joe Giacalone, University of Arizona
George Gloeckler, University of Maryland, College Park
John W. Harvey, National Solar Observatory
Russell A. Howard, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
Justin Kasper, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Robert P. Lin, University of California, Berkeley
Glenn M. Mason, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
Eberhard Moebius, University of New Hampshire
Merav Opher, George Mason University
Jesper Schou, Stanford University
Nathan A. Schwadron, Boston University
Amy Winebarger, Alabama A&M University
Daniel Winterhalter, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Thomas N. Woods, University of Colorado, Boulder
DECADAL SURVEY ON BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES IN SPACE
The Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space was formed under the auspices of the SSB and the ASEB in response to a congressional request for a study to establish priorities and provide recommendations for life and physical sciences space research, including research that will enable exploration missions in microgravity and partial gravity for the 2010-2020 decade. The decadal survey will define research areas, recom-
mend a research portfolio and a timeline for conducting that research, identify facility and platform requirements as appropriate, provide rationales for suggested program elements, define dependencies between research objectives, identify terrestrial benefits, and specify whether the research product directly enables exploration or produces fundamental new knowledge. These areas will be categorized as either those that are required to enable exploration missions or those that are enabled or facilitated because of exploration missions.
The steering committee met on February 15-17, in Irvine, California, to begin the integration of the completed draft chapters from each of the panels, continue development of the steering committee chapters, and begin laying out an integrated research plan and priorities. Additional meetings of five of the study panels were held in the first quarter to gather additional information and complete drafts of individual chapters. All of the panels held discussions via e-mail and teleconference as integration of their chapters continued. The last town hall for the study was held in conjunction with the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics meeting in Orlando, Florida, on January 6.
In early 2010, guidance was provided to NASA in the fiscal year 2011 presidential budget request that would extend the lifetime of the International Space Station (ISS) to 2020, which prompted NASA and the survey steering committee to discuss the need for an interim report that would provide key, near-term input relevant to ISS and programmatic issues. Discussions and planning continued regarding the scope of the interim report and schedule of the final report.
The steering committee met on March 31-April 2, in Irvine, California, to draft an interim report that would identify both organizational and management issues important to the success of the life and microgravity research enterprise at NASA and near-term research opportunities for the ISS. In developing this document, the committee relied heavily on inputs and analyses that had previously been collected or performed as part of the work on the full decadal survey. The steering committee continued work on the interim report following the meeting, and the final draft was submitted to external peer review in early May. Review and editing of the interim report were completed in June, and the interim report, Life and Physical Sciences Research for a New Era of Space Exploration: An Interim Report, was released to the public on July 14 (the interim report’s Summary is reprinted in Chapter 5). Co-chairs Betsy Cantwell and Wendy Kohrt briefed NASA and congressional staff in separate meetings.
Following the completion of its work on the interim report, the committee returned its full attention to the final report and held its last report development meeting on July 28-30 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. The study panels also worked extensively throughout the third quarter of 2010 to complete work on issues raised by the steering committee. The completed report draft entered external review on September 16.
The steering committee held its final meeting on October 14-15 at the Keck Center in Washington, D.C., to consider comments from the external reviewers of the decadal study. Although most of the reviews had not arrived by the requested date, based on early inputs the committee identified and discussed some overarching issues and recurrent themes, made plans for working with the panels to address the most prominent issues in the panel chapters, and developed preliminary feedback for a large number of the review comments. Most of the remaining comments from the 40 external reviewers had arrived by early November, at which time the committee and the panels began making integrated changes to the report. The comments were quite extensive, and work by the committee and panels continued through the remainder of this period, with completion of the review in early 2011 and final printing in July 2011.
Steering Committee Membership
Elizabeth R. Cantwell, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (co-chair)
Wendy M. Kohrt, University of Colorado, Denver (co-chair)
Lars Berglund, University of California, Davis
Nicholas P. Bigelow, University of Rochester
Leonard H. Caveny, Independent Consultant
Vijay K. Dhir, University of California, Los Angeles
Joel Dimsdale, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine
Nikolaos A. Gatsonis, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Simon Gilroy, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Benjamin D. Levine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Kathryn V. Logan, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Philippa Marrack,2 National Jewish Health
Gabor A. Somorjai, University of California, Berkeley
Charles M. Tipton, University of Arizona
Jose L. Torero, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
Robert Wegeng, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Gayle E. Woloschak, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Staff
Sandra J. Graham, Senior Program Officer, SSB (study director)
Alan C. Angleman,3 Senior Program Officer, ASEB
Ian W. Pryke, Senior Program Officer, SSB
Robert L. Riemer,3 Senior Program Officer, BPA
Maureen Mellody,3 Program Officer, ASEB
Regina North, Consultant
Lewis Groswald, Research Associate, SSB
Danielle Johnson,3 Senior Program Assistant, Center for Economic, Governance, and International Studies
Laura Toth,3 Senior Program Assistant, National Materials Advisory Board
Linda M. Walker, Senior Program Assistant, SSB
Eric Whittaker,3 Senior Program Assistant, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board
Animal and Human Biology Panel Membership
Kenneth M. Baldwin, University of California, Irvine (chair)
François M. Abboud, University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine
Peter R. Cavanagh, University of Washington
V. Reggie Edgerton, University of California, Los Angeles
Donna Murasko, Drexel University
John T. Potts, Jr., Massachusetts General Hospital
April E. Ronca, Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Charles M. Tipton, University of Arizona
Charles H. Turner,4 Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis
Applied Physical Sciences Panel Membership
Peter W. Voorhees, Northwestern University (chair)
Nikolaos A. Gatsonis, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Richard T. Lahey, Jr., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Richard M. Lueptow, Northwestern University
John J. Moore, Colorado School of Mines
Elaine S. Oran, Naval Research Laboratory
Amy L. Rechenmacher, University of Southern California
James S. T’ien, Case Western Reserve University
Mark M. Weislogel, Portland State University
Fundamental Physics Panel Membership
Robert V. Duncan, University of Missouri (chair)
Nicholas P. Bigelow, University of Rochester
Paul M. Chaikin, New York University
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2 Through mid-May 2010.
3 Staff from other NRC boards who are assisting with the survey.
4 Deceased July 2010.
Ronald G. Larson, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
W. Carl Lineberger, University of Colorado, Boulder
Ronald Walsworth, Harvard University
Human Behavior and Mental Health Panel Membership
Thomas J. Balkin, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (chair)
Joel E. Dimsdale, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine
Nick Kanas, University of California, San Francisco
Gloria R. Leon, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
Lawrence A. Palinkas, University of California, San Diego
Integrative and Translational Research for the Human System Panel Membership
James A. Pawelczyk, Pennsylvania State University (chair)
Alan R. Hargens, University of California, San Diego
Robert L. Helmreich, University of Texas, Austin (retired)
Joanne R. Lupton, Texas A&M University, College Station
Charles M. Oman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
David Robertson, Vanderbilt University
Suzanne M. Schneider, University of New Mexico
Gayle E. Woloschak, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Plant and Microbial Biology Panel Membership
Terri L. Lomax, North Carolina State University (chair)
Paul Blount, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Robert J. Ferl, University of Florida
Simon Gilroy, University of Wisconsin-Madison
E. Peter Greenberg, University of Washington School of Medicine
Translation to Space Exploration Systems Panel Membership
James P. Bagian, U.S. Air Force (chair)
Frederick R. Best, Texas A&M University, College Station
Leonard H. Caveny, Independent Consultant
Michael B. Duke, Colorado School of Mines (retired)
John P. Kizito, North Carolina A&T State University
David Y. Kusnierkiewicz, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
E. Thomas Mahefkey, Jr., Heat Transfer Technology Consultants
Dava J. Newman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Richard J. Roby, Combustion Science and Engineering, Inc.
Guillermo Trotti, Trotti and Associates, Inc.
Alan Wilhite, Georgia Institute of Technology
NASA’S SUBORBITAL RESEARCH CAPABILITIES
The ad hoc Committee on NASA’s Suborbital Research Capabilities conducted a study of suborbital flight activities, including the use of sounding rockets, aircraft (including the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy), balloons, and suborbital reusable launch vehicles, as well as opportunities for research, training, and education as set out in the 2007 NRC report Building a Better NASA Workforce: Meeting the Workforce Needs for the National Vision for Space Exploration.
A prepublication version of the committee’s report, Revitalizing NASA’s Suborbital Program: Advancing Science, Driving Innovation, and Developing Workforce, was delivered to NASA on February 4. Briefings for congressional staff and NASA management were well received. The final, printed version of the report was released in March. The report’s Summary is reprinted in Chapter 5.
Membership
Steven R. Bohlen, Texas A&M University (chair)
Kristin A. Blais, The Boeing Company
Mark A. Brosmer, The Aerospace Corporation
Estelle Condon, NASA Ames Research Center (retired)
Christine M. Foreman, Montana State University
Adam P.-H. Huang, University of Arkansas
Michael J. Kurylo III, Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center
Robert P. Lin, University of California, Berkeley
Franklin D. Martin, Martin Consulting Inc.
R. Bruce Partridge, Haverford College
Robert Pincus, RP Consultants
W. Thomas Vestrand, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Erik Wilkinson, Southwest Research Institute
Staff
Robert L. Riemer, Senior Program Officer, BPA (study director)
Dwayne A. Day, Program Officer, SSB
Linda M. Walker, Senior Project Assistant, SSB
NEAR-EARTH OBJECT SURVEYS AND HAZARD MITIGATION STRATEGIES
An ad hoc Committee on Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies was formed under the auspices of the SSB and ASEB to undertake a two-phase study to review two NASA reports, 2006 Near-Earth Object Survey and Detection Study and Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives: Report to Congress, and other relevant literature and to provide recommendations that will address two major issues: (1) determining the best approach to completing the near-Earth object (NEO) census required by Congress to identify potentially hazardous NEOs larger than 140 meters in diameter by the year 2020 and (2) determining the optimal approach to developing a deflection strategy and ensuring that it includes a significant international effort. Both tasks included an assessment of the costs of various alternatives using independent cost estimating. Task 1 was addressed by the Survey/Detection Panel, and Task 2 was addressed by the Mitigation Panel.
The committee’s interim report, Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies: Interim Report, was released in August 2009. The committee’s final report, Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies, was released to the public on January 22, 2010, and printed in final form in May 2010. Report briefings were held with NASA, congressional staff, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the Office of Management and Budget. The final report’s Summary is reprinted in Chapter 5.
Steering Group Membership
Irwin I. Shapiro, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (chair)
Michael A’Hearn, University of Maryland, College Park (vice chair)
Faith Vilas, MMT Observatory at Mount Hopkins, Arizona (vice chair)
Andrew F. Cheng, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
Frank Culbertson, Jr., Orbital Sciences Corporation
David C. Jewitt, University of California, Los Angeles
Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute
H. Jay Melosh, Purdue University
Joseph H. Rothenberg, JHR Consulting
Staff
Dwayne A. Day, Program Officer, SSB (study director)
Paul Jackson, Associate Program Officer, ASEB (study director)
David H. Smith, Senior Program Officer, SSB
Abigail A. Sheffer, Associate Program Officer, SSB
Lewis Groswald, Research Associate, SSB
Andrea M. Rebholz, Program Associate, ASEB
Rodney N. Howard, Senior Program Assistant, SSB
Survey/Detection Panel Membership
Faith Vilas, MMT Observatory at Mount Hopkins, Arizona (chair)
Paul Abell, Planetary Science Institute
Robert F. Arentz, Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corporation
Lance A.M. Benner, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
William F. Bottke, Southwest Research Institute
William E. Burrows, Independent Aerospace Writer and Historian
Andrew F. Cheng, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
Robert D. Culp, University of Colorado, Boulder
Yanga Fernandez, University of Central Florida
Lynne Jones, University of Washington
Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute
Amy Mainzer, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Gordon H. Pettengill, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (retired)
John Rice, University of California, Berkeley
Mitigation Panel Membership
Michael A’Hearn, University of Maryland, College Park (chair)
Michael J.S. Belton, Belton Space Exploration Initiatives, LLC
Mark Boslough, Sandia National Laboratories
Clark R. Chapman, Southwest Research Institute
Sigrid Close, Stanford University
James A. Dator, University of Hawaii, Manoa
David S.P. Dearborn, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Keith A. Holsapple, University of Washington
David Y. Kusnierkiewicz, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
Paulo Lozano, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Edward D. McCullough, The Boeing Company (retired)
H. Jay Melosh, Purdue University
David J. Nash, Dave Nash & Associates, LLC
Daniel J. Scheeres, University of Colorado, Boulder
Sarah T. Stewart-Mukhopadhyay, Harvard University
Kathryn C. Thornton, University of Virginia
PANEL ON IMPLEMENTING RECOMMENDATIONS FROM NEW WORLDS NEW HORIZONS DECADAL SURVEY
Following release of the Astro2010 survey report, the Panel on Implementing Recommendations from New Worlds, New Horizons Decadal Survey was formed to respond to the Office of Science and Technology Policy request that the NRC convene a panel to consider whether NASA’s Euclid proposal is consistent with achieving the priorities, goals, and recommendations, and with pursuing the science strategy, articulated in the survey. The panel also investigated what impact such participation might have on the prospects for the timely realization of the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope mission and other activities recommended by the Astro2010 survey in view of the projected budgetary situation. The panel convened a workshop on November 7, 2010, and a prepublication version of the panel’s report, Report of the Panel on Implementing Recommendations from the New Worlds, New Horizons Decadal Survey, was released in December. The report’s Summary is reprinted in Chapter 5. A printed report is expected in June 2011.
Membership
Adam S. Burrows, Princeton University (co-chair)
Charles F. Kennel, Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego (co-chair)
Alan Dressler, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science
Debra M. Elmegreen, Vassar College
Fiona A. Harrison, California Institute of Technology
Lynne Hillenbrand, California Institute of Technology
Steven M. Ritz, University of California, Santa Cruz
A. Thomas Young, Lockheed Martin Corporation (retired)
Staff
Donald C. Shapero, Director, BPA
Michael H. Moloney, Director, SSB
David B. Lang, Program Officer, BPA (study director)
Caryn J. Knutsen, Associate Program Officer, BPA
Teri Thorowgood, Administrative Coordinator, BPA
Beth Dolan, Financial Associate, BPA
PLANETARY PROTECTION STANDARDS FOR ICY BODIES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
The ad hoc Committee on Planetary Protection Standards for Icy Bodies in the Solar System was established in September, following formal NRC project approval in July and arrival of NASA funding in August. The study will develop and recommend planetary protection standards for future spacecraft missions, including orbiters, landers, and subsurface probes, to the icy bodies in the outer solar system (asteroids, satellites, Kuiper belt objects, and comets) in light of current scientific understanding and ongoing improvements in mission-enabling capabilities and technologies.
The committee’s meetings will begin in 2011. The report is scheduled for delivery to NASA in early 2012.
Membership
Mitchell L. Sogin, Marine Biological Laboratory (chair)
Geoffrey Collins, Wheaton College (vice chair)
Amy Baker, Technical Administrative Services
John A. Baross, University of Washington
Amy C. Barr,5 Southwest Research Institute
_______________
5Appointed to the committee in January 2011.
William V. Boynton, University of Arizona
Charles S. Cockell, Open University
Michael J. Daly, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Joseph R. Fragola, Valador, Inc.
Rosaly M. Lopes, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Kenneth H. Nealson, University of Southern California
Douglas S. Stetson, Space Science and Exploration Consulting Group
Mark H. Thiemens, University of California, San Diego
Staff
David H. Smith, Senior Program Officer, SSB (study director)
Joseph K. Alexander, Senior Program Officer, SSB
Rodney N. Howard, Senior Program Assistant, SSB
PLANETARY SCIENCES DECADAL SURVEY
The Planetary Sciences Decadal Survey was established to develop a comprehensive science and mission strategy for planetary science that updates and extends the 2003 solar system exploration decadal survey, New Frontiers in the Solar System: An Integrated Exploration Strategy. The new decadal survey is designed to broadly canvas the planetary science community to determine the current state of knowledge and then identify the most important scientific questions expected to face the community during the interval 2013-2022. This 2-year study at the request of NASA and NSF began in 2009 with the appointment and meetings of the steering group and panels and extensive outreach activities.
To assist its activities, the decadal survey commissioned mission studies to be undertaken at the Applied Physics Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory. In a related activity, the decadal survey has engaged the services of the Aerospace Corporation to provide independent cost and technical evaluations of the highest-priority mission concepts resulting from these studies.
Committee and panel meetings and community outreach activities continued in 2010. The steering group met in Irvine, California, on February 22-24. Members of the panels and steering group participated in a community-outreach event at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, in The Woodlands, Texas, on March 1-5. The panels held their final meetings to discuss and finalize their sections for the report on the following dates: Satellites, April 12-14, Boulder, Colorado; Mars, April 14-16, Boulder, Colorado; Inner Planets, April 21-23, Boulder, Colorado; Primitive Bodies, April 26-28, Knoxville, Tennessee; and Giant Planets, May 5-7, Boston, Massachusetts. The steering committee held its final two meetings in Washington, D.C., on July 13-15 and August 3-4 to continue its work on integrating the panel findings into a final draft report for submission to review.
The report draft entered review in October, and the committee responded to nearly 1,600 comments from 18 reviewers. The decadal survey’s report, Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022, was delivered to NASA and NSF in prepublication form in late February 2011 and was released to the public on March 7 at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas.
Steering Group Membership
Steven W. Squyres, Cornell University (chair)
Laurence A. Soderblom, U.S. Geological Survey (vice chair)
Wendy M. Calvin, University of Nevada, Reno
Dale Cruikshank, NASA Ames Research Center
Pascale Ehrenfreund, George Washington University
G. Scott Hubbard, Stanford University
Margaret G. Kivelson, University of California, Los Angeles
B. Gentry Lee, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Jane Luu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory
Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute
Ralph L. McNutt, Jr., Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
Harry Y. McSween, Jr., University of Tennessee, Knoxville
George A. Paulikas, The Aerospace Corporation (retired)
Amy Simon-Miller, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
David J. Stevenson, California Institute of Technology
A. Thomas Young, Lockheed Martin Corporation (retired)
Staff
David H. Smith, Senior Program Officer, SSB (study director)
Dwayne A. Day, Program Officer, SSB
Abigail Sheffer, Associate Program Officer, SSB
Dionna Williams, Program Associate, SSB
Lewis Groswald, Research Associate, SSB
Rodney N. Howard, Senior Program Assistant, SSB
Satellites Panel Membership6
John Spencer, Southwest Research Institute (chair)
David J. Stevenson, California Institute of Technology (vice chair)
Glenn Fountain, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
Caitlin Ann Griffith, University of Arizona
Krishan Khurana, University of California, Los Angeles
Christopher P. McKay, NASA Ames Research Center
Francis Nimmo, University of California, Santa Cruz
Louise M. Prockter, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
Gerald Schubert, University of California, Los Angeles
Thomas R. Spilker, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Elizabeth P. Turtle, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
Hunter Waite, Southwest Research Institute
Giant Planets Panel Membership6
Heidi B. Hammel, Space Science Institute (chair)
Amy Simon-Miller, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (vice chair)
Reta F. Beebe, New Mexico State University
John R. Casani, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
John Clarke, Boston University
Brigette Hesman, University of Maryland
William B. Hubbard, University of Arizona
Mark S. Marley, NASA Ames Research Center
Philip D. Nicholson, Cornell University
R. Wayne Richie, NASA Langley Research Center (retired)
Kunio M. Sayanagi, California Institute of Technology
Inner Planets Panel Membership6
Ellen R. Stofan, Proxemy Research (chair)
_______________
6 Except for the chair and vice chair, all terms ended by October 2010.
Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute (vice chair)
Barbara A. Cohen, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Martha S. Gilmore, Wesleyan University
Lori Glaze, Proxemy Research
David H. Grinspoon, Denver Museum of Nature and Science
Steven A. Hauck II, Case Western Reserve University
Ayanna M. Howard, Georgia Institute of Technology
Charles K. Shearer, University of New Mexico
Douglas S. Stetson, Space Science and Exploration Consulting Group
Edward M. Stolper, California Institute of Technology
Allan H. Treiman, Lunar and Planetary Institute
Mars Panel Membership7
Philip R. Christensen, Arizona State University (chair)
Wendy M. Calvin, University of Nevada, Reno (vice chair)
Raymond E. Arvidson, Washington University
Robert D. Braun,8 Georgia Institute of Technology
Glenn E. Cunningham, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (retired)
David Des Marais,9 NASA Ames Research Center
Linda T. Elkins-Tanton, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Francois Forget, University of Paris
John P. Grotzinger, California Institute of Technology
Penelope King, University of New Mexico
Philippe Lognonne, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
Paul R. Mahaffy, Goddard Institute for Space Studies
Lisa M. Pratt, Indiana University
Primitive Bodies Panel Membership7
Joseph F. Veverka, Cornell University (chair)
Harry Y. McSween, Jr., University of Tennessee, Knoxville (vice chair)
Erik Asphaug, University of California, Santa Cruz
Michael E. Brown, California Institute of Technology
Donald E. Brownlee, University of Washington
Marc Buie, Southwest Research Institute
Timothy J. McCoy, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History
Marc D. Rayman, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Edward Reynolds, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
Mark Sephton, Imperial College London
Jessica Sunshine, University of Maryland, College Park
Faith Vilas, MMT Observatory
_______________
7 Except for the chair and vice chair, all terms ended by October 2010.
8 Term ended February 8, 2010.
9 Term ended August 1, 2010.