Space Studies Board Annual Report 2010 (2011)

3
Ad Hoc Study Committees:
Activities and Membership

When a sponsor requests that the Space Studies Board (SSB) conduct a study, an ad hoc committee is established for that purpose. The committee terminates when the study is completed. These study committees are subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act, Section 15, because they provide advice and recommendations to the federal government. The SSB and/or one of its standing committees provide oversight for ad hoc study committee activities. Twelve ad hoc study committees were organized, met, or released studies during 2010. (Activities and membership are summarized below.)

In addition, one ad hoc committee produced a report in 2009 and was formally disbanded in 2010—the report of the ad hoc Committee on the Role and Scope of Mission-Enabling Activities in NASA’s Space and Earth Science Missions, An Enabling Foundation for NASA’s Earth and Space Science Missions, was summarized in the 2009 annual report.

Also in 2010, work began to form the Committee on the Assessment of NASA’s Earth Science Programs, an ad hoc committee to review the alignment of NASA’s Earth Science Division’s program with previous NRC advice, primarily the 2007 NRC decadal survey report, Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond.

ASSESSING REQUIREMENTS FOR SUSTAINED OCEAN COLOR RESEARCH AND OPERATIONS

The Ocean Studies Board formed the ad hoc Committee on Assessing Requirements for Sustained Ocean Color Research and Operations, in collaboration with the SSB, to identify the ocean color data needs for a broad range of end users, develop a consensus for the requirements, and outline options to meet these needs on a sustained basis.

The committee held the following meetings: February 11-12 via teleconference; April 20-22, Keck Center, Washington D.C., June 28-30, Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center, Irvine, California; October 14, Keck Center, Washington D.C.; November 2-4, Keck Center, Washington D.C.; and December 7-9, Miami, Florida. Members of the SSB Committee on Earth Studies and SSB staff attended the June 28-30 meeting.

A report of the committee is expected to be released in Summer 2011.

Membership

James A. Yoder, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (chair)

David Antoine, Laboratoire d’Oceanographie de Villefranche

Carlos E. Del Castillo, Johns Hopkins University

Robert H. Evans, Jr., University of Miami

Curtis Mobley, Sequoia Scientific, Inc.

Jorge L. Sarmiento, Princeton University

Shubha Sathyendranath, Bedford Institute of Oceanography

Carl F. Schueler, Raytheon Company (retired)

David A. Siegel, University of California, Berkeley

Cara Wilson, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Staff

Claudia Mengelt, Program Officer, Ocean Studies Board (study director)

Arthur A. Charo, Senior Program Officer, SSB

ASSESSMENT OF IMPEDIMENTS TO INTERAGENCY COOPERATION ON SPACE AND EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS

The ad hoc Committee on the Assessment of Impediments to Interagency Cooperation on Space and Earth Science Missions was formed to assess impediments, including cost growth, to the successful conduct of interagency cooperation on Earth science and space science missions; to identify lessons learned and best practices from past interagency Earth science and space science missions; and to recommend steps to help facilitate successful interagency collaborations on Earth science and space science missions.

During the first half of 2010, the committee finalized its draft report, which entered external peer review in July. A prepublication version of the report, Assessment of Impediments to Interagency Collaboration on Space and Earth Science Missions, was issued in November and briefed to NASA officials and to staff of the House Science and Technology’s Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics. Further briefings are planned for the first quarter of 2011. The Executive Summary of this report is reproduced in Chapter 5 of this report.

Membership

D. James Baker, The William J. Clinton Foundation (co-chair)

Daniel N. Baker, University of Colorado at Boulder (co-chair)

David A. Bearden, The Aerospace Corporation

Charles L. Bennett, Johns Hopkins University

Stacey Boland, Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Antonio J. Busalacchi, Jr., University of Maryland, College Park

Carlos E. Del Castillo, Johns Hopkins University

Antonio L. Elias, Orbital Sciences Corporation

Margaret Finarelli, George Mason University

Todd R. La Porte, University of California, Berkeley

Margaret S. Leinen, Climate Response Fund

Scott N. Pace, George Washington University

Graeme L. Stephens, Colorado State University

Annalisa L. Weigel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Michael S. Witherell, University of California, Santa Barbara

A. Thomas Young, Lockheed Martin Corporation (retired)

Staff

Arthur A. Charo, Senior Program Officer, SSB

Joseph K. Alexander, Senior Program Officer, SSB

Abigail A. Sheffer, Associate Program Officer, SSB

Carmela J. Chamberlain, Administrative Coordinator, SSB

Terri Baker, Senior Program Assistant, SSB

ASSESSMENT OF NASA LABORATORY CAPABILITIES

Congress directed NASA to arrange for an independent assessment of NASA laboratory capabilities; as a result, the National Research Council’s (NRC’s) Laboratory Assessments Board (LAB), in collaboration with the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board (ASEB) and SSB, formed the ad hoc Committee on Assessment of NASA Laboratory Capabilities to carry out a review of NASA’s laboratories to determine whether they are equipped and maintained at a level adequate to support NASA’s fundamental science and engineering research activities.

The committee held its third and final meeting on January 18-19 to develop its final report. Consensus was achieved on February 23, and a draft report was submitted for NRC review on February 26. The final report, Capabilities for the Future: An Assessment of NASA Laboratories for Basic Research, was submitted to the sponsor, NASA, on April 28 and released to the public on May 11. Briefings were provided during the month of May to NASA, House and Senate staffers, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the Office of Management and Budget. The report’s Summary is reprinted in Chapter 5.

Membership

John T. Best, U.S. Air Force Arnold Engineering Development Center (co-chair)

Joseph B. Reagan, Lockheed Martin Corporation (retired) (co-chair)

William F. Ballhaus, Jr., The Aerospace Corporation (retired)

Peter M. Banks, Astrolabe Ventures

Ramon L. Chase, Booz Allen Hamilton

Ravi B. Deo, EMBR

Neil A. Duffie, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Michael G. Dunn, Ohio State University

Blair B. Gloss, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (retired)

Marvine P. Hamner, LeaTech, LLC; George Washington University; Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute

Wesley L. Harris, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Basil Hassan, Sandia National Laboratories

Joan Hoopes, Orbital Technologies Corporation

William E. McClintock, University of Colorado

Edward D. McCullough, The Boeing Company (retired)

Todd J. Mosher, Sierra Nevada Corporation

Eli Reshotko, Case Western Reserve University

John C. Sommerer,¹ Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

James M. Tien, University of Miami

Candace E. Wark, Illinois Institute of Technology

Staff

John F. Wendt, Senior Program Officer, ASEB (study director)

James P. McGee, Director, LAB

Arul Mozhi, Senior Program Officer, LAB

Liza Hamilton, Administrative Coordinator, LAB

Eva Labre, Program Associate, LAB

ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS DECADAL SURVEY

The SSB and the NRC’s Board on Physics and Astronomy (BPA), initiated the astronomy and astrophysics decadal survey, Astro2010, to survey the field of space- and ground-based astronomy and astrophysics, recommending priorities for the most important scientific and technical activities of the decade 2010-2020. The survey took place over 18 months and comprised two overlapping phases. The first phase was mostly concerned with establishing

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¹ Resigned from committee January 18, 2010.

a science program, fact-finding, and establishing a procedure for the second phase. The second phase was concerned with creating a prioritized, balanced, and executable series of research activities—that is, ground- and space-based research programs, projects, telescopes, and missions—that define the forefront of astronomy and astrophysics for the decade 2011-2020.

The Astro2010 survey committee was assisted in its work by a series of nine panels addressing various topics—five science frontiers panels and four program prioritization panels. The survey committee was responsible for synthesizing the panel outputs, determining priorities and recommendations, and preparing the final report, which has two volumes (a main committee report and a volume that contains reports from the panels).

During 2010, the nine panel reports went through the NRC’s peer-review process, and the survey committee held their last two (closed) meetings in January and February. The survey committee’s report entered NRC review in May. The main committee report, New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics, was released as a prepublication on August 13 and printed in December. The Executive Summary of New Worlds, New Horizons is reproduced in Chapter 5. The reports of the panels are contained in Panel Reports—New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics, which was released as a prepublication on August 30. The summaries of the panel reports are also reproduced in Chapter 5.

Following release of the survey, the Office of Science and Technology Policy requested that the NRC convene a panel to consider whether NASA’s Euclid proposal is consistent with achieving the priorities, goals, and recommendations, and with pursuing the science strategy, articulated in the survey (see the section below entitled, “Implementing Recommendations from New Worlds, New Horizons Decadal Survey”).

Survey Committee Membership

Roger D. Blandford, Stanford University (chair)

Martha P. Haynes, Cornell University (vice chair)

John P. Huchra, Harvard University (vice chair)

Marcia J. Rieke, University of Arizona (vice chair)

Lynne Hillenbrand, California Institute of Technology (executive officer)

Steven J. Battel, Battel Engineering

Lars Bildsten, University of California, Santa Barbara

John E. Carlstrom, University of Chicago

Debra M. Elmegreen, Vassar College

Joshua Frieman, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

Fiona A. Harrison, California Institute of Technology

Timothy M. Heckman, Johns Hopkins University

Robert C. Kennicutt, Jr., University of Cambridge

Jonathan I. Lunine, University of Arizona and University of Rome, Tor Vergata

Claire E. Max, University of California, Santa Cruz

Dan McCammon, University of Wisconsin

Steven M. Ritz, University of California, Santa Cruz

Juri Toomre, University of Colorado

Scott D. Tremaine, Institute for Advanced Study

Michael S. Turner, University of Chicago

Neil deGrasse Tyson, Hayden Planetarium, American Museum of Natural History

Paul A. Vanden Bout, National Radio Astronomy Observatory

A. Thomas Young, Lockheed Martin Corporation (retired)

Staff

Donald C. Shapero, Director, BPA

Michael H. Moloney, Director, SSB (study director)

Robert L. Riemer, Senior Program Officer, BPA

David Lang, Program Officer, BPA

Teri Thorowgood, Administrative Coordinator, BPA

Carmela J. Chamberlain, Administrative Coordinator, SSB

Caryn J. Knutsen, Research Associate, BPA

Beth Dolan, Financial Associate, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences

SCIENCE FRONTIERS PANELS

Panel on Cosmology and Fundamental Physics Membership

David N. Spergel, Princeton University (chair)

David Weinberg, Ohio State University (vice chair)

Rachel Bean, Cornell University

Neil Cornish, Montana State University

Jonathan Feng, University of California, Irvine

Alex V. Filippenko, University of California, Berkeley

Wick C. Haxton, University of California, Berkeley

Marc P. Kamionkowski, California Institute of Technology

Lisa Randall, Harvard University

Eun-Suk Seo, University of Maryland

David Tytler, University of California, San Diego

Clifford M. Will, Washington University

Panel on Galactic Neighborhood Membership

Michael J. Shull, University of Colorado (chair)

Julianne Dalcanton, University of Washington (vice chair)

Leo Blitz, University of California, Berkeley

Bruce T. Draine, Princeton University

Robert Fesen, Dartmouth University

Karl Gebhardt, University of Texas

Juna Kollmeier, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington

Crystal Martin, University of California, Santa Barbara

Jason Tumlinson, Space Telescope Science Institute

Daniel Wang, University of Massachusetts

Dennis Zaritsky, University of Arizona

Stephen Zepf, Michigan State University

Panel on Galaxies across Cosmic Time Membership

C. Megan Urry, Yale University (chair)

Mitchell C. Begelman, University of Colorado (vice chair)

Andrew J. Baker, Rutgers University

Neta A. Bahcall, Princeton University

Romeel Davé, University of Arizona

Tiziana Di Matteo, Carnegie Mellon University

Henric S.W. Krawczynski, Washington University

Joseph Mohr, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Richard F. Mushotzky, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Chris S. Reynolds, University of Maryland

Alice Shapley, University of California, Los Angeles

Tommaso Treu, University of California, Santa Barbara

Jaqueline H. van Gorkom, Columbia University

Eric M. Wilcots, University of Wisconsin

Panel on Planetary Systems and Star Formation Membership

Lee W. Hartmann, University of Michigan (chair)

Dan M. Watson, University of Rochester (vice chair)

Hector Arce, Yale University

Claire Chandler, National Radio Astronomy Observatory

David Charbonneau, Harvard University

Eugene Chiang, University of California, Berkeley

Suzan Edwards, Smith College

Eric Herbst, Ohio State University

David C. Jewitt, University of California, Los Angeles

James P. Lloyd, Cornell University

Eve C. Ostriker, University of Maryland

David J. Stevenson, California Institute of Technology

Jonathan C. Tan, University of Florida

Panel on Stars and Stellar Evolution Membership

Roger A. Chevalier, University of Virginia (chair)

Robert Kirshner, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (vice chair)

Deepto Chakrabarty, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Suzanne Hawley, University of Washington

Jeffrey R. Kuhn, University of Hawaii

Stanley Owocki, University of Delaware

Marc Pinsonneault, Ohio State University

Eliot Quataert, University of California, Berkeley

Scott Ransom, National Radio Astronomy Observatory

Hendrik Schatz, Michigan State University

Lee Anne Willson, Iowa State University

Stanford E. Woosley, University of California, Santa Cruz

PROGRAM PRIORITIZATION PANELS

Panel on Electromagnetic Observations from Space Membership

Alan Dressler, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington (chair)

Michael Bay, Bay Engineering Innovations

Alan P. Boss, Carnegie Institution of Washington

Mark Devlin, University of Pennsylvania

Megan Donahue, Michigan State University

Brenna Flaugher, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

Tom Greene, NASA Ames Research Center

Puragra (Raja) GuhaThakurta, University of California Observatories/Lick Observatory

Michael G. Hauser, Space Telescope Science Institute

Harold McAlister, Georgia State University

Peter F. Michelson, Stanford University

Ben R. Oppenheimer, American Museum of Natural History

Frits Paerels, Columbia University

Adam Reiss, Johns Hopkins University

George H. Rieke, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona

Paul L. Schechter, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Todd Tripp, University of Massachusetts, Amherst

Panel on Optical and Infrared Astronomy from the Ground Membership

Patrick S. Osmer, Ohio State University (chair)

Michael Skrutskie, University of Virginia (vice chair)

Charles Bailyn, Yale University

Betsy Barton, University of California, Irvine

Todd A. Boroson, National Optical Astronomy Observatory

Daniel Eisenstein, University of Arizona

Andrea M. Ghez, University of California, Los Angeles

J. Todd Hoeksema, Stanford University

Robert P. Kirshner, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Bruce Macintosh, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Piero Madau, University of California, Santa Cruz

John Monnier, University of Michigan

Iain Neill Reid, Space Telescope Science Institute

Charles E. Woodward, University of Minnesota

Panel on Particle Astrophysics and Gravitation Membership

Jacqueline N. Hewitt, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (chair)

Eric G. Adelberger, University of Washington

Andreas Albrecht, University of California, Davis

Elena Aprile, Columbia University

Jonathan Arons, University of California, Berkeley

Barry C. Barish, California Institute of Technology

Joan Centrella, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Douglas Finkbeiner, Harvard University

Kathy Flanagan, Space Telescope Science Institute

Gabriela Gonzalez, Louisiana State University

James B. Hartle, University of California, Santa Barbara

Steven M. Kahn, Stanford University

N. Jeremy Kasdin, Princeton University

Teresa Montaruli, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Angela V. Olinto, University of Chicago

Rene A. Ong, University of California, Los Angeles

Helen R. Quinn, SLAC National Laboratory (retired)

Panel on Radio, Millimeter and Submillimeter from the Ground Membership

Neal J. Evans, University of Texas (chair)

James M. Moran, Harvard University (vice chair)

Crystal Brogan, National Radio Astronomy Observatory

Aaron S. Evans, University of Virginia

Sarah Gibson, National Center for Atmospheric Research, High Altitude Observatory

Jason Glenn, University of Colorado, Boulder

Nickolay Y. Gnedin, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

Cornelia C. Lang, University of Iowa

Maura McLaughlin, West Virginia University

Miguel Morales, University of Washington

Lyman A. Page, Jr., Princeton University

Jean L. Turner, University of California, Los Angeles

David J. Wilner, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

COST GROWTH IN NASA EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE MISSIONS

The ad hoc Committee on Cost Growth in NASA Earth and Space Science Missions was formed to review existing cost growth studies related to NASA space and Earth science missions and identify their key causes of cost growth and strategies for mitigating cost growth; assess whether those key causes remain applicable in the current environment and identifying any new major causes; and evaluate the effectiveness of current and planned NASA cost growth mitigation strategies and, as appropriate, recommend new strategies to ensure frequent mission opportunities.

The committee met for the fourth and final time in Boulder, Colorado, on January 11-12 to focus on development of the final report. The draft report was submitted for NRC review in April. The final report, Controlling Cost Growth of NASA Earth and Space Science Missions, was released to the public on July 13. The report’s Summary is reprinted in Chapter 5.

Membership

Ronald M. Sega, Colorado State University (chair)

Vassilis Angelopoulos, University of California, Los Angeles

Allan V. Burman, Jefferson Consulting Group, LLC

Olivier L. de Weck, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Robert E. Deemer, Regis University

Larry W. Esposito, University of Colorado, Boulder

Joseph Fuller, Jr., Futron Corporation

Joseph W. Hamaker, Science Applications International Corporation

Victoria E. Hamilton, Southwest Research Institute

John M. Klineberg, Aerospace Consultant

Bruce D. Marcus, TRW Inc. (retired)

Emery I. Reeves, Independent Consultant

William F. Townsend, Independent Consultant

Staff

Alan C. Angleman, Senior Program Officer, ASEB (study director)

Andrea M. Rebholz, Program Associate, ASEB

Linda Walker, Senior Project Assistant, SSB

DECADAL STRATEGY FOR SOLAR AND SPACE PHYSICS (HELIOPHYSICS)

The Decadal Strategy for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) was formed to conduct a broadly based assessment decadal survey of the scientific priorities of the U.S. solar and space physics research enterprise for the period 2013-2022. During the first half of 2010, the NRC approved the study prospectus, agreement had been reached with agency sponsors regarding the survey’s terms of reference, and appointments to the various survey committees occurred. The survey is composed of a steering committee supported by three discipline-oriented study panels: the Panel on Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Interactions, Panel on Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Interactions, and the Panel on Solar and Heliospheric Physics. In addition, five “national capabilities working groups,” made up of community members who are willing to serve as unpaid consultants, assist the steering committee and panels in gathering information and providing context to the survey’s work in the following focus areas: Theory and Modeling and Data Exploitation; Explorers, Suborbital, and Other Platforms; Innovations: Technology, Instruments, Data Systems; Research to Operations/Operations to Research; and Workforce and Education.

The steering committee for the survey held its first meeting on September 1-3 at the National Academies’ Keck Center in Washington, D.C. At this meeting, the study panels and working groups were formed and planning occurred for several town hall events.

During the third quarter of 2010, a solicitation to the community for mission concepts and related activities that might be undertaken in the coming decade drew 288 responses, all of which are posted on the survey’s Web site.

Representatives from the survey also conducted town hall meetings and outreach events at the University of California, Los Angeles; University of California, Berkeley; University of Maryland; National Center for Atmospheric Research; University of New Hampshire; University of Michigan; Arecibo Observatory; Southwest Research Institute; University of Texas, Dallas; and at the National Science Foundation (NSF) Upper Atmosphere Facilities Fall 2010 Meeting in Roanoke, Virginia. The final town hall event of 2010 occurred in December at the fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union.

The three discipline-oriented study panels first met in November. The survey’s five cross-disciplinary working groups were constituted, and one—Theory, Modeling, and Data Exploitation—held a meeting in Boulder, Colorado. As the quarter ended, planning was underway for the 2011 meetings of the disciplinary panels and working groups and related events. Finally, many activities were underway in connection with the planned cost and technical evaluation of selected mission concepts.

The final report of the committee is anticipated by the end of the first quarter of 2012.

Steering Committee Membership

Daniel Baker, University of Colorado, Boulder (chair)

Thomas Zurbuchen, University of Michigan (vice chair)

Brian H. Anderson, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

Steven J. Battel, Battel Engineering

James F. Drake, Jr., University of Maryland, College Park

Lennard A. Fisk, University of Michigan

Marvin Geller, State University of New York at Stony Brook

Sarah Gibson, National Center for Atmospheric Research

Michael A. Hesse, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

J. Todd Hoeksema, Stanford University

David L. Hysell, Cornell University

Mary K. Hudson, Dartmouth College

Thomas Immel, University of California, Berkeley

Justin Kasper, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Judith L. Lean, Naval Research Laboratory

Ramon E. Lopez, University of Texas, Arlington

Howard J. Singer, NOAA Space Weather Prediction center

Harlan E. Spence, University of New Hampshire

Edward C. Stone, California Institute of Technology

Staff

Arthur A. Charo, Senior Program Officer, SSB (study director)

Maureen Mellody, Program Officer, ASEB

Abigail Sheffer, Associate Program Officer, SSB

Linda Walker, Senior Program Assistant, SSB

Lewis Groswald, Research Associate, SSB

Terri Baker, Senior Program Assistant, SSB

Panel on Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Interactions Membership

Jeffrey M. Forbes, University of Colorado, Boulder (chair)

James H. Clemmons, The Aerospace Corporation (vice chair)

Odile de la Beaujardiere, Air Force Research Laboratory

John V. Evans, COMSAT Corporation (retired)

Roderick A. Heelis, University of Texas, Dallas

Thomas Immel, University of California, Berkeley

Janet U. Kozyra, University of Michigan

William Lotko, Dartmouth College

Gang Lu, High Altitude Observatory

Kristina A. Lynch, Dartmouth College

Jens Oberheide, Clemson University

Larry J. Paxton, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

Robert F. Pfaff, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Joshua Semeter, Boston University

Jeffrey P. Thayer, University of Colorado, Boulder

Panel on Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Interactions Membership

Michelle F. Thomsen, Los Alamos National Laboratory (chair)

Michael Wiltberger, National Center for Atmospheric Research (vice chair)

Joseph Borovsky, Los Alamos National Laboratory

Joseph F. Fennell, The Aerospace Corporation

Jerry Goldstein, Southwest Research Institute

Janet C. Green, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Donald A. Gurnett, University of Iowa

Lynn M. Kistler, University of New Hampshire

Michael W. Liemohn, University of Michigan

Robyn Millan, Dartmouth College

Donald G. Mitchell, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

Tai D. Phan, University of California, Berkeley

Michael Shay, University of Delaware

Harlan E. Spence, University of New Hampshire

Richard M. Thorne, University of California, Los Angeles

Panel on Solar and Heliospheric Physics Membership

Richard A. Mewaldt, California Institute of Technology (chair)

Spiro K. Antiochos, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (vice chair)

Timothy S. Bastian, National Radio Astronomy Observatory

Joe Giacalone, University of Arizona

George Gloeckler, University of Maryland, College Park

John W. Harvey, National Solar Observatory

Russell A. Howard, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

Justin Kasper, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Robert P. Lin, University of California, Berkeley

Glenn M. Mason, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

Eberhard Moebius, University of New Hampshire

Merav Opher, George Mason University

Jesper Schou, Stanford University

Nathan A. Schwadron, Boston University

Amy Winebarger, Alabama A&M University

Daniel Winterhalter, Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Thomas N. Woods, University of Colorado, Boulder

DECADAL SURVEY ON BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES IN SPACE

The Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space was formed under the auspices of the SSB and the ASEB in response to a congressional request for a study to establish priorities and provide recommendations for life and physical sciences space research, including research that will enable exploration missions in microgravity and partial gravity for the 2010-2020 decade. The decadal survey will define research areas, recom-

mend a research portfolio and a timeline for conducting that research, identify facility and platform requirements as appropriate, provide rationales for suggested program elements, define dependencies between research objectives, identify terrestrial benefits, and specify whether the research product directly enables exploration or produces fundamental new knowledge. These areas will be categorized as either those that are required to enable exploration missions or those that are enabled or facilitated because of exploration missions.

The steering committee met on February 15-17, in Irvine, California, to begin the integration of the completed draft chapters from each of the panels, continue development of the steering committee chapters, and begin laying out an integrated research plan and priorities. Additional meetings of five of the study panels were held in the first quarter to gather additional information and complete drafts of individual chapters. All of the panels held discussions via e-mail and teleconference as integration of their chapters continued. The last town hall for the study was held in conjunction with the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics meeting in Orlando, Florida, on January 6.

In early 2010, guidance was provided to NASA in the fiscal year 2011 presidential budget request that would extend the lifetime of the International Space Station (ISS) to 2020, which prompted NASA and the survey steering committee to discuss the need for an interim report that would provide key, near-term input relevant to ISS and programmatic issues. Discussions and planning continued regarding the scope of the interim report and schedule of the final report.

The steering committee met on March 31-April 2, in Irvine, California, to draft an interim report that would identify both organizational and management issues important to the success of the life and microgravity research enterprise at NASA and near-term research opportunities for the ISS. In developing this document, the committee relied heavily on inputs and analyses that had previously been collected or performed as part of the work on the full decadal survey. The steering committee continued work on the interim report following the meeting, and the final draft was submitted to external peer review in early May. Review and editing of the interim report were completed in June, and the interim report, Life and Physical Sciences Research for a New Era of Space Exploration: An Interim Report, was released to the public on July 14 (the interim report’s Summary is reprinted in Chapter 5). Co-chairs Betsy Cantwell and Wendy Kohrt briefed NASA and congressional staff in separate meetings.

Following the completion of its work on the interim report, the committee returned its full attention to the final report and held its last report development meeting on July 28-30 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. The study panels also worked extensively throughout the third quarter of 2010 to complete work on issues raised by the steering committee. The completed report draft entered external review on September 16.

The steering committee held its final meeting on October 14-15 at the Keck Center in Washington, D.C., to consider comments from the external reviewers of the decadal study. Although most of the reviews had not arrived by the requested date, based on early inputs the committee identified and discussed some overarching issues and recurrent themes, made plans for working with the panels to address the most prominent issues in the panel chapters, and developed preliminary feedback for a large number of the review comments. Most of the remaining comments from the 40 external reviewers had arrived by early November, at which time the committee and the panels began making integrated changes to the report. The comments were quite extensive, and work by the committee and panels continued through the remainder of this period, with completion of the review in early 2011 and final printing in July 2011.

Steering Committee Membership

Elizabeth R. Cantwell, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (co-chair)

Wendy M. Kohrt, University of Colorado, Denver (co-chair)

Lars Berglund, University of California, Davis

Nicholas P. Bigelow, University of Rochester

Leonard H. Caveny, Independent Consultant

Vijay K. Dhir, University of California, Los Angeles

Joel Dimsdale, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine

Nikolaos A. Gatsonis, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Simon Gilroy, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Benjamin D. Levine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas

Kathryn V. Logan, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Philippa Marrack,² National Jewish Health

Gabor A. Somorjai, University of California, Berkeley

Charles M. Tipton, University of Arizona

Jose L. Torero, University of Edinburgh, Scotland

Robert Wegeng, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Gayle E. Woloschak, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Staff

Sandra J. Graham, Senior Program Officer, SSB (study director)

Alan C. Angleman,³ Senior Program Officer, ASEB

Ian W. Pryke, Senior Program Officer, SSB

Robert L. Riemer,³ Senior Program Officer, BPA

Maureen Mellody,³ Program Officer, ASEB

Regina North, Consultant

Lewis Groswald, Research Associate, SSB

Danielle Johnson,³ Senior Program Assistant, Center for Economic, Governance, and International Studies

Laura Toth,³ Senior Program Assistant, National Materials Advisory Board

Linda M. Walker, Senior Program Assistant, SSB

Eric Whittaker,³ Senior Program Assistant, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board

Animal and Human Biology Panel Membership

Kenneth M. Baldwin, University of California, Irvine (chair)

François M. Abboud, University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine

Peter R. Cavanagh, University of Washington

V. Reggie Edgerton, University of California, Los Angeles

Donna Murasko, Drexel University

John T. Potts, Jr., Massachusetts General Hospital

April E. Ronca, Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Charles M. Tipton, University of Arizona

Charles H. Turner,⁴ Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis

Applied Physical Sciences Panel Membership

Peter W. Voorhees, Northwestern University (chair)

Nikolaos A. Gatsonis, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Richard T. Lahey, Jr., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Richard M. Lueptow, Northwestern University

John J. Moore, Colorado School of Mines

Elaine S. Oran, Naval Research Laboratory

Amy L. Rechenmacher, University of Southern California

James S. T’ien, Case Western Reserve University

Mark M. Weislogel, Portland State University

Fundamental Physics Panel Membership

Robert V. Duncan, University of Missouri (chair)

Nicholas P. Bigelow, University of Rochester

Paul M. Chaikin, New York University

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² Through mid-May 2010.

³ Staff from other NRC boards who are assisting with the survey.

⁴ Deceased July 2010.

Ronald G. Larson, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

W. Carl Lineberger, University of Colorado, Boulder

Ronald Walsworth, Harvard University

Human Behavior and Mental Health Panel Membership

Thomas J. Balkin, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (chair)

Joel E. Dimsdale, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine

Nick Kanas, University of California, San Francisco

Gloria R. Leon, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

Lawrence A. Palinkas, University of California, San Diego

Integrative and Translational Research for the Human System Panel Membership

James A. Pawelczyk, Pennsylvania State University (chair)

Alan R. Hargens, University of California, San Diego

Robert L. Helmreich, University of Texas, Austin (retired)

Joanne R. Lupton, Texas A&M University, College Station

Charles M. Oman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

David Robertson, Vanderbilt University

Suzanne M. Schneider, University of New Mexico

Gayle E. Woloschak, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Plant and Microbial Biology Panel Membership

Terri L. Lomax, North Carolina State University (chair)

Paul Blount, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas

Robert J. Ferl, University of Florida

Simon Gilroy, University of Wisconsin-Madison

E. Peter Greenberg, University of Washington School of Medicine

Translation to Space Exploration Systems Panel Membership

James P. Bagian, U.S. Air Force (chair)

Frederick R. Best, Texas A&M University, College Station

Leonard H. Caveny, Independent Consultant

Michael B. Duke, Colorado School of Mines (retired)

John P. Kizito, North Carolina A&T State University

David Y. Kusnierkiewicz, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

E. Thomas Mahefkey, Jr., Heat Transfer Technology Consultants

Dava J. Newman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Richard J. Roby, Combustion Science and Engineering, Inc.

Guillermo Trotti, Trotti and Associates, Inc.

Alan Wilhite, Georgia Institute of Technology

NASA’S SUBORBITAL RESEARCH CAPABILITIES

The ad hoc Committee on NASA’s Suborbital Research Capabilities conducted a study of suborbital flight activities, including the use of sounding rockets, aircraft (including the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy), balloons, and suborbital reusable launch vehicles, as well as opportunities for research, training, and education as set out in the 2007 NRC report Building a Better NASA Workforce: Meeting the Workforce Needs for the National Vision for Space Exploration.

A prepublication version of the committee’s report, Revitalizing NASA’s Suborbital Program: Advancing Science, Driving Innovation, and Developing Workforce, was delivered to NASA on February 4. Briefings for congressional staff and NASA management were well received. The final, printed version of the report was released in March. The report’s Summary is reprinted in Chapter 5.

Membership

Steven R. Bohlen, Texas A&M University (chair)

Kristin A. Blais, The Boeing Company

Mark A. Brosmer, The Aerospace Corporation

Estelle Condon, NASA Ames Research Center (retired)

Christine M. Foreman, Montana State University

Adam P.-H. Huang, University of Arkansas

Michael J. Kurylo III, Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center

Robert P. Lin, University of California, Berkeley

Franklin D. Martin, Martin Consulting Inc.

R. Bruce Partridge, Haverford College

Robert Pincus, RP Consultants

W. Thomas Vestrand, Los Alamos National Laboratory

Erik Wilkinson, Southwest Research Institute

Staff

Robert L. Riemer, Senior Program Officer, BPA (study director)

Dwayne A. Day, Program Officer, SSB

Linda M. Walker, Senior Project Assistant, SSB

NEAR-EARTH OBJECT SURVEYS AND HAZARD MITIGATION STRATEGIES

An ad hoc Committee on Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies was formed under the auspices of the SSB and ASEB to undertake a two-phase study to review two NASA reports, 2006 Near-Earth Object Survey and Detection Study and Near-Earth Object Survey and Deflection Analysis of Alternatives: Report to Congress, and other relevant literature and to provide recommendations that will address two major issues: (1) determining the best approach to completing the near-Earth object (NEO) census required by Congress to identify potentially hazardous NEOs larger than 140 meters in diameter by the year 2020 and (2) determining the optimal approach to developing a deflection strategy and ensuring that it includes a significant international effort. Both tasks included an assessment of the costs of various alternatives using independent cost estimating. Task 1 was addressed by the Survey/Detection Panel, and Task 2 was addressed by the Mitigation Panel.

The committee’s interim report, Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies: Interim Report, was released in August 2009. The committee’s final report, Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies, was released to the public on January 22, 2010, and printed in final form in May 2010. Report briefings were held with NASA, congressional staff, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the Office of Management and Budget. The final report’s Summary is reprinted in Chapter 5.

Steering Group Membership

Irwin I. Shapiro, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (chair)

Michael A’Hearn, University of Maryland, College Park (vice chair)

Faith Vilas, MMT Observatory at Mount Hopkins, Arizona (vice chair)

Andrew F. Cheng, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

Frank Culbertson, Jr., Orbital Sciences Corporation

David C. Jewitt, University of California, Los Angeles

Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute

H. Jay Melosh, Purdue University

Joseph H. Rothenberg, JHR Consulting

Staff

Dwayne A. Day, Program Officer, SSB (study director)

Paul Jackson, Associate Program Officer, ASEB (study director)

David H. Smith, Senior Program Officer, SSB

Abigail A. Sheffer, Associate Program Officer, SSB

Lewis Groswald, Research Associate, SSB

Andrea M. Rebholz, Program Associate, ASEB

Rodney N. Howard, Senior Program Assistant, SSB

Survey/Detection Panel Membership

Faith Vilas, MMT Observatory at Mount Hopkins, Arizona (chair)

Paul Abell, Planetary Science Institute

Robert F. Arentz, Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corporation

Lance A.M. Benner, Jet Propulsion Laboratory

William F. Bottke, Southwest Research Institute

William E. Burrows, Independent Aerospace Writer and Historian

Andrew F. Cheng, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

Robert D. Culp, University of Colorado, Boulder

Yanga Fernandez, University of Central Florida

Lynne Jones, University of Washington

Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute

Amy Mainzer, Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Gordon H. Pettengill, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (retired)

John Rice, University of California, Berkeley

Mitigation Panel Membership

Michael A’Hearn, University of Maryland, College Park (chair)

Michael J.S. Belton, Belton Space Exploration Initiatives, LLC

Mark Boslough, Sandia National Laboratories

Clark R. Chapman, Southwest Research Institute

Sigrid Close, Stanford University

James A. Dator, University of Hawaii, Manoa

David S.P. Dearborn, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Keith A. Holsapple, University of Washington

David Y. Kusnierkiewicz, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

Paulo Lozano, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Edward D. McCullough, The Boeing Company (retired)

H. Jay Melosh, Purdue University

David J. Nash, Dave Nash & Associates, LLC

Daniel J. Scheeres, University of Colorado, Boulder

Sarah T. Stewart-Mukhopadhyay, Harvard University

Kathryn C. Thornton, University of Virginia

PANEL ON IMPLEMENTING RECOMMENDATIONS FROM NEW WORLDS NEW HORIZONS DECADAL SURVEY

Following release of the Astro2010 survey report, the Panel on Implementing Recommendations from New Worlds, New Horizons Decadal Survey was formed to respond to the Office of Science and Technology Policy request that the NRC convene a panel to consider whether NASA’s Euclid proposal is consistent with achieving the priorities, goals, and recommendations, and with pursuing the science strategy, articulated in the survey. The panel also investigated what impact such participation might have on the prospects for the timely realization of the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope mission and other activities recommended by the Astro2010 survey in view of the projected budgetary situation. The panel convened a workshop on November 7, 2010, and a prepublication version of the panel’s report, Report of the Panel on Implementing Recommendations from the New Worlds, New Horizons Decadal Survey, was released in December. The report’s Summary is reprinted in Chapter 5. A printed report is expected in June 2011.

Membership

Adam S. Burrows, Princeton University (co-chair)

Charles F. Kennel, Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego (co-chair)

Alan Dressler, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science

Debra M. Elmegreen, Vassar College

Fiona A. Harrison, California Institute of Technology

Lynne Hillenbrand, California Institute of Technology

Steven M. Ritz, University of California, Santa Cruz

A. Thomas Young, Lockheed Martin Corporation (retired)

Staff

Donald C. Shapero, Director, BPA

Michael H. Moloney, Director, SSB

David B. Lang, Program Officer, BPA (study director)

Caryn J. Knutsen, Associate Program Officer, BPA

Teri Thorowgood, Administrative Coordinator, BPA

Beth Dolan, Financial Associate, BPA

PLANETARY PROTECTION STANDARDS FOR ICY BODIES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM

The ad hoc Committee on Planetary Protection Standards for Icy Bodies in the Solar System was established in September, following formal NRC project approval in July and arrival of NASA funding in August. The study will develop and recommend planetary protection standards for future spacecraft missions, including orbiters, landers, and subsurface probes, to the icy bodies in the outer solar system (asteroids, satellites, Kuiper belt objects, and comets) in light of current scientific understanding and ongoing improvements in mission-enabling capabilities and technologies.

The committee’s meetings will begin in 2011. The report is scheduled for delivery to NASA in early 2012.

Membership

Mitchell L. Sogin, Marine Biological Laboratory (chair)

Geoffrey Collins, Wheaton College (vice chair)

Amy Baker, Technical Administrative Services

John A. Baross, University of Washington

Amy C. Barr,⁵ Southwest Research Institute

_______________

⁵Appointed to the committee in January 2011.

William V. Boynton, University of Arizona

Charles S. Cockell, Open University

Michael J. Daly, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Joseph R. Fragola, Valador, Inc.

Rosaly M. Lopes, Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Kenneth H. Nealson, University of Southern California

Douglas S. Stetson, Space Science and Exploration Consulting Group

Mark H. Thiemens, University of California, San Diego

Staff

David H. Smith, Senior Program Officer, SSB (study director)

Joseph K. Alexander, Senior Program Officer, SSB

Rodney N. Howard, Senior Program Assistant, SSB

PLANETARY SCIENCES DECADAL SURVEY

The Planetary Sciences Decadal Survey was established to develop a comprehensive science and mission strategy for planetary science that updates and extends the 2003 solar system exploration decadal survey, New Frontiers in the Solar System: An Integrated Exploration Strategy. The new decadal survey is designed to broadly canvas the planetary science community to determine the current state of knowledge and then identify the most important scientific questions expected to face the community during the interval 2013-2022. This 2-year study at the request of NASA and NSF began in 2009 with the appointment and meetings of the steering group and panels and extensive outreach activities.

To assist its activities, the decadal survey commissioned mission studies to be undertaken at the Applied Physics Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory. In a related activity, the decadal survey has engaged the services of the Aerospace Corporation to provide independent cost and technical evaluations of the highest-priority mission concepts resulting from these studies.

Committee and panel meetings and community outreach activities continued in 2010. The steering group met in Irvine, California, on February 22-24. Members of the panels and steering group participated in a community-outreach event at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, in The Woodlands, Texas, on March 1-5. The panels held their final meetings to discuss and finalize their sections for the report on the following dates: Satellites, April 12-14, Boulder, Colorado; Mars, April 14-16, Boulder, Colorado; Inner Planets, April 21-23, Boulder, Colorado; Primitive Bodies, April 26-28, Knoxville, Tennessee; and Giant Planets, May 5-7, Boston, Massachusetts. The steering committee held its final two meetings in Washington, D.C., on July 13-15 and August 3-4 to continue its work on integrating the panel findings into a final draft report for submission to review.

The report draft entered review in October, and the committee responded to nearly 1,600 comments from 18 reviewers. The decadal survey’s report, Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022, was delivered to NASA and NSF in prepublication form in late February 2011 and was released to the public on March 7 at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas.

Steering Group Membership

Steven W. Squyres, Cornell University (chair)

Laurence A. Soderblom, U.S. Geological Survey (vice chair)

Wendy M. Calvin, University of Nevada, Reno

Dale Cruikshank, NASA Ames Research Center

Pascale Ehrenfreund, George Washington University

G. Scott Hubbard, Stanford University

Margaret G. Kivelson, University of California, Los Angeles

B. Gentry Lee, Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Jane Luu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory

Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute

Ralph L. McNutt, Jr., Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

Harry Y. McSween, Jr., University of Tennessee, Knoxville

George A. Paulikas, The Aerospace Corporation (retired)

Amy Simon-Miller, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

David J. Stevenson, California Institute of Technology

A. Thomas Young, Lockheed Martin Corporation (retired)

Staff

David H. Smith, Senior Program Officer, SSB (study director)

Dwayne A. Day, Program Officer, SSB

Abigail Sheffer, Associate Program Officer, SSB

Dionna Williams, Program Associate, SSB

Lewis Groswald, Research Associate, SSB

Rodney N. Howard, Senior Program Assistant, SSB

Satellites Panel Membership⁶

John Spencer, Southwest Research Institute (chair)

David J. Stevenson, California Institute of Technology (vice chair)

Glenn Fountain, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

Caitlin Ann Griffith, University of Arizona

Krishan Khurana, University of California, Los Angeles

Christopher P. McKay, NASA Ames Research Center

Francis Nimmo, University of California, Santa Cruz

Louise M. Prockter, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

Gerald Schubert, University of California, Los Angeles

Thomas R. Spilker, Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Elizabeth P. Turtle, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

Hunter Waite, Southwest Research Institute

Giant Planets Panel Membership⁶

Heidi B. Hammel, Space Science Institute (chair)

Amy Simon-Miller, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (vice chair)

Reta F. Beebe, New Mexico State University

John R. Casani, Jet Propulsion Laboratory

John Clarke, Boston University

Brigette Hesman, University of Maryland

William B. Hubbard, University of Arizona

Mark S. Marley, NASA Ames Research Center

Philip D. Nicholson, Cornell University

R. Wayne Richie, NASA Langley Research Center (retired)

Kunio M. Sayanagi, California Institute of Technology

Inner Planets Panel Membership⁶

Ellen R. Stofan, Proxemy Research (chair)

_______________

⁶ Except for the chair and vice chair, all terms ended by October 2010.

Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute (vice chair)

Barbara A. Cohen, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center

Martha S. Gilmore, Wesleyan University

Lori Glaze, Proxemy Research

David H. Grinspoon, Denver Museum of Nature and Science

Steven A. Hauck II, Case Western Reserve University

Ayanna M. Howard, Georgia Institute of Technology

Charles K. Shearer, University of New Mexico

Douglas S. Stetson, Space Science and Exploration Consulting Group

Edward M. Stolper, California Institute of Technology

Allan H. Treiman, Lunar and Planetary Institute

Mars Panel Membership⁷

Philip R. Christensen, Arizona State University (chair)

Wendy M. Calvin, University of Nevada, Reno (vice chair)

Raymond E. Arvidson, Washington University

Robert D. Braun,⁸ Georgia Institute of Technology

Glenn E. Cunningham, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (retired)

David Des Marais,⁹ NASA Ames Research Center

Linda T. Elkins-Tanton, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Francois Forget, University of Paris

John P. Grotzinger, California Institute of Technology

Penelope King, University of New Mexico

Philippe Lognonne, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris

Paul R. Mahaffy, Goddard Institute for Space Studies

Lisa M. Pratt, Indiana University

Primitive Bodies Panel Membership⁷

Joseph F. Veverka, Cornell University (chair)

Harry Y. McSween, Jr., University of Tennessee, Knoxville (vice chair)

Erik Asphaug, University of California, Santa Cruz

Michael E. Brown, California Institute of Technology

Donald E. Brownlee, University of Washington

Marc Buie, Southwest Research Institute

Timothy J. McCoy, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History

Marc D. Rayman, Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Edward Reynolds, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

Mark Sephton, Imperial College London

Jessica Sunshine, University of Maryland, College Park

Faith Vilas, MMT Observatory

_______________

⁷ Except for the chair and vice chair, all terms ended by October 2010.

⁸ Term ended February 8, 2010.

⁹ Term ended August 1, 2010.