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2
Board and Standing Committees:
Activities and Membership
During 2010, the Space Studies Board (SSB) had five standing committees representing various disciplines:
the Committee on Astronomy and Astrophysics (CAA; jointly with the Board on Physics and Astronomy, BPA),
the Committee on Earth Studies (CES), the Committee on the Origins and Evolution of Life (COEL; jointly with
the Board on Life Sciences), the Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX), and the Committee
on Solar and Space Physics (CSSP). The Board and its standing committees provide strategic direction and oversee
activities of ad hoc study committees (see Chapter 3), interact with sponsors, and serve as a communications conduit
between the government and the scientific community. They do not provide formal advice and recommendations,
and therefore are not subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act, Section 15.
SPACE STUDIES BOARD
HIGHLIGHTS OF SPACE STUDIES BOARD ACTIVITIES
The Space Studies Board held its 160th meeting at the National Academies’ Keck Center in Washington,
D.C., on March 8-10. The meeting was devoted to a discussion of the fiscal year 2011 budget and the outlook for
the various agencies. The first day of the meeting was a joint session with the Aeronautics and Space Engineering
Board (ASEB), at which the boards heard from Chris Scolese, NASA Office of the Administrator; Ed Weiler, NASA
Science Mission Directorate; Doug Cooke, NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate; David Radzanowski,
NASA Space Operations Mission Directorate; Paul Shawcross and Brian Dewhurst, Office of Management and
Budget; Richard Leshner and Johannes Loschnigg, Office of Science and Technology Policy; and congressional
representatives, including Dick Obermann, Ed Feddeman, and Jeff Bingham. On day two the ASEB and SSB met
separately, and the SSB heard from Tim Killeen, NSF/Directorate for Geosciences, and Mary Kicza, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NOAA/
NESDIS).
The SSB did not meet during the second or third quarter, however, the SSB executive committee (XCOM)
did meet on August 23-25 at the J. Erik Jonsson Woods Hole Center in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for its annual
strategic planning session. The XCOM met with Marc Allen of NASA and congressional representatives Dick
Obermann and Jeff Bingham. The discussion between XCOM and the government representatives included the
impacts of recent reports, future areas of study for the Board, and the role of the Board and standing committees.
XCOM members also discussed lessons learned and impacts from the decadal surveys, the midterm assessments of
the decadal survey process, and the cost and technical risk assessments that have been done for the recent decadal
surveys. The XCOM also discussed potential workshop activities and met with Jean Pierre Swings (European Space
8
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Board and Standing Committees
Sciences Committee Chair) and Jean-Claude Worms (European Science Foundation) via teleconference for a discus-
sion on a possible European Space Sciences Committee-SSB joint forum series.
The SSB met November 8, 2010, for their 161st meeting at the National Academies’ Arnold and Mabel
Beckman Center in Irvine, California, for a short executive session. The Board then attended and participated in
the workshop “Sharing the Adventure with the Public: The Value and Excitement of ‘Grand Questions’ of Space
Science and Exploration,” which is described in more detail in Chapter 4 of this report.
SPACE STUDIES BOARD MEMBERSHIP
July 1, 2009–June 30, 2010 July 1, 2010–June 30, 2011
Charles F. Kennel, University of California, San Charles F. Kennel, University of California, San Diego
Diego (chair) (chair)
A. Thomas Young,1 Lockheed Martin Corporation John M. Klineberg,2 Space Systems/Loral (retired) (vice
(retired) (vice chair) chair)
Daniel N. Baker, University of Colorado at Boulder Steven J. Battel, Battel Engineering
Steven J. Battel, Battel Engineering Yvonne C. Brill, Aerospace Consultant
Charles L. Bennett, Johns Hopkins University Elizabeth R. Cantwell, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Yvonne C. Brill, Aerospace Consultant Andrew B. Christensen, Dixie State College and
Elizabeth R. Cantwell, Oak Ridge National Aerospace Corporation
Laboratory Alan Dressler, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution
Andrew B. Christensen, Dixie State College Jack D. Fellows, University Corporation for
Alan Dressler, Observatories of the Carnegie Atmospheric Research
Institution Heidi B. Hammel, Space Science Institute
Jack D. Fellows, University Corporation for Fiona A. Harrison, California Institute of Technology
Atmospheric Research Anthony C. Janetos, University of Maryland
Fiona A. Harrison, California Institute of Technology Joan Johnson-Freese, Naval War College
Joan Johnson-Freese, Naval War College Molly K. Macauley, Resources for the Future
Klaus Keil, University of Hawaii John F. Mustard, Brown University
Molly K. Macauley, Resources for the Future, Inc. Robert T. Pappalardo, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
Berrien Moore III, Climate Central California Institute of Technology
Robert T. Pappalardo, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, James Pawelczyk, Pennsylvania State University
California Institute of Technology Soroosh Sorooshian, University of California, Irvine
James A. Pawelczyk, Pennsylvania State University David N. Spergel, Princeton University
Soroosh Sorooshian, University of California, Irvine Joan Vernikos, Thirdage LLC
Joan Vernikos, Thirdage LLC Warren M. Washington, National Center for
Joseph F. Veverka, Cornell University Atmospheric Research
Warren M. Washington, National Center for Charles E. Woodward, University of Minnesota
Atmospheric Research Thomas H. Zurbuchen, University of Michigan
Charles E. Woodward, University of Minnesota
Ellen G. Zweibel, University of Wisconsin
Ex Officio and Liaison Members
Raymond S. Colladay, Lockheed Martin Astronautics (retired) (ex-officio, chair, NRC Aeronautics and Space
Engineering Board)
Jean-Pierre Swings, Université de Liège (liaison, chair of the European Space Science Committee)
Jay S. Pearlman, IEEE (ex-officio, member of the NRC Ocean Studies Board)
Robert P. Lin, University of California, Berkeley (U.S. Representative to COSPAR; from July 1)
Edward C. Stone, California Institute of Technology (U.S. Representative to COSPAR; through June 30)
1 Term ended in December 2010.
2 Term began in February 2011.
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10 Space Studies Board Annual Report—2010
Membership of the SSB Executive Committee
July 1, 2009–June 30, 2010 July 1, 2010–June 30, 2011
Charles F. Kennel, University of California, San Charles F. Kennel, University of California, San Diego
Diego (chair) (chair)
A. Thomas Young,3 Lockheed Martin Corporation John M. Klineberg,4 Space Systems/Loral (retired) (vice
(retired) (vice chair) chair)
Daniel N. Baker, University of Colorado, Boulder Elizabeth R. Cantwell, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Charles L. Bennett, Johns Hopkins University Fiona A. Harrison, California Institute of Technology
Molly K. Macauley, Resources for the Future, Inc. Molly K. Macauley, Resources for the Future, Inc.
Berrien Moore III, University of New Hampshire Robert T. Pappalardo, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
Robert T. Pappalardo, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
California Institute of Technology Joan Vernikos, Thirdage LLC
James A. Pawelczyk, Pennsylvania State University Thomas H. Zurbuchen, University of Michigan
Joseph F. Veverka, Cornell University
Staff in 2010
Michael H. Moloney, Director (joined SSB in April)
Richard E. Rowberg, Interim Board Director (through March)
Joseph K. Alexander, Senior Program Officer
Arthur A. Charo, Senior Program Officer
Sandra J. Graham, Senior Program Officer
Ian W. Pryke, Senior Program Officer
Robert L. Riemer,5 Senior Program Officer, BPA
David H. Smith, Senior Program Officer
John Wendt,5 Senior Program Officer, ASEB
Dwayne A. Day, Program Officer
Paul Jackson,5 Program Officer, ASEB
David Lang,5 Program Officer, BPA
Abigail A. Sheffer, Associate Program Officer
Lewis Groswald, Research Associate
Celeste A. Naylor, Information Management Associate
Tanja E. Pilzak, Manager, Program Operations
Christina O. Shipman, Financial Officer
Sandra Wilson, Financial Assistant
Catherine A. Gruber, Editor
Carmela J. Chamberlain, Administrative Coordinator
Andrea Rebholz,5 Program Associate, ASEB
Dionna Williams, Program Associate
Terri Baker, Senior Program Assistant
Rodney N. Howard, Senior Program Assistant
Linda M. Walker, Senior Program Assistant
Consultant
Regina North
3 Term ended in December 2010.
4 Term began in February 2011.
5 Staff from other NRC Boards who are shared with the SSB.
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Board and Standing Committees
Space Policy Interns and Fellows
Jason Callahan, 2010 Fall Lloyd V. Berkner Space Policy Intern
Dara Fisher, 2010 Summer Lloyd V. Berkner Space Policy Intern
Andreas Frick, 2010 Summer Lloyd V. Berkner Space Policy Intern
Gabriele Betancourt Martinez, 2010 Fall Lloyd V. Berkner Space Policy Intern
Bruno Sánchez-Andrade Nuño, 2010 Fall Christine Mirzayan Science and Technology Policy Graduate Fellow
Heather Smith, Winter 2011 Christine Mirzayan Science and Technology Policy Graduate Fellow
U.S. NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR COSPAR
The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) of the International Council of Science held its annual business
meetings at COSPAR’s Paris headquarters on March 22-25. Edward Stone, the U.S. representative to COSPAR and
COSPAR vice president, and U.S. National Committee staff participated. Dr. Stone’s term as U.S. representative
ended on June 30, and he was succeeded by Robert P. Lin, a professor of physics of the University of California,
Berkeley (UCB) and the former director of the UCB Space Sciences Laboratory, on July 1.
The COSPAR Council elected new officers during its meeting in Bremen, Germany, on July 17. Dr. Lin was
elected as one of the vice presidents of the COSPAR Council. The council also selected Moscow, Russia, as the
provisional host of the 2014 COSPAR Scientific Assembly. The 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly was held in
Bremen, Germany, on July 18-25, 2010. Scientific awards and medals for 2010 were presented on July 19.
COSPAR will hold its next scientific assembly in Mysore, India, on July 14-22, 2012. The annual business
meetings will be held at COSPAR’s Paris headquarters on March 21-24, 2011.
U.S. Representative to COSPAR
Robert P. Lin, University of California, Berkeley (from July 1)
Edward C. Stone, California Institute of Technology (through June 30)
Staff
David H. Smith, Senior Program Officer, SSB (executive secretary for COSPAR)
Carmela J. Chamberlain, Administrative Coordinator, SSB
STANDING COMMITTEES
COMMITTEE ON ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
The Committee on Astronomy and Astrophysics, which operates under the joint auspices of the SSB and the
BPA, continued to be on hiatus through completion of the astronomy and astrophysics decadal survey in August
2010. The NRC is exploring the reestablishment of the CAA with a modified charge following the release of the
decadal survey. A historical summary of reports from CAA and related committees is presented in Figure 2.1.
Staff
David Lang, Program Officer, BPA
COMMITTEE ON EARTH STUDIES
The Committee on Earth Studies held its only meeting of 2010 on July 7-8 in Washington, D.C. Agenda items
for this meeting included briefings by NASA, NOAA, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) officials on the
implementation of the decadal survey in Earth science and applications from space and the implications of a major
restructuring of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System program for climate-related
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12 Space Studies Board Annual Report—2010
A Strategy for Space Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 1980s (1979)
Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 1980s (1982)
Institutional
Arrangements for the
Space Telescope (1976)
Institutional Arrangements The Explorer Program for Long-Lived Space Space Science in the Twenty-
First CenturyAstronomy and
for the Space Telescope: A Astronomy and Observatories for Astronomy
Mid-Term Review (1985) Astrophysics (1986) and Astrophysics (1987) Astrophysics (1988)
The Decade of Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics (1991)
A Strategy for Ground-Based
A Scientific Assessment of
Review of Gravity Optical and Infrared
a New Technology Orbital
Probe B (1995) Astronomy (1995)
Telescope (1995)
Federal Funding of
Failed Stars and Super
A New Science Strategy for Space Astronomy Ground-Based Solar
Astronomical
Planets (1998)
and Astrophysics (1997) Research (1998)
Research (2000)
Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium (2000)
U.S. Astronomy and “Review of Science The Atacama Large
Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos (2002)
Astrophysics: Managing Requirements for the Millimeter Array (ALMA):
an Integrated Program Terrestrial Planet Finder: Implications of a
(2001) Letter Report” (2004) Potential Descope
“The Review of Progress in
(2005)
Astronomy and Astrophysics
toward the Decadal Vision
Portals to the Universe: The NASA Astronomy
The Astrophysical
(The Mid-Course Review)” (2005)
Science Centers (2007)
Context of Life (2005)
NASA’s Beyond Einstein Program: An
A Performance Assessment of NASA’s
Architecture for Implementation (2007)
Astrophysics Program (2007)
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics (2010)
Panel ReportsNew Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics (prepublication, 2010)
Report of the Panel on Implementing Recommendations from the New Worlds, New Horizons
Decadal Survey (prepublication, 2010)
FIGURE 2.1 SSB-NRC advice on astronomy and astrophysics (1979-2010).
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Board and Standing Committees
measurements, including continuity of climate data records. As is customary, the committee also met with agency
officials to discuss issues of mutual interest, including potential NRC studies or workshops.
A subject of particular interest to the CES is the yet-to-be requested study on the “governance” of Earth
observations, which was mandated by the 2005 NASA Authorization Act. To discuss prospects for the study, a tele-
conference was convened in August for members of the CES; NRC staff, including the directors of the SSB and the
Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate; and representatives from Office of Science and Technology Policy,
the U.S. Global Change Research Program, and NASA.
Also during the third quarter, SSB staff and members of the committee met with representatives from the
USGS Geography Division to discuss a potential study on the value of developing an operational land remote
sensing capability. A preliminary statement of task for this study was developed, and revisions were underway as
the quarter ended. Planning continued during the fourth quarter as SSB staff met with senior officials at the USGS
Geography Division, members of CES reviewed a preliminary statement of task for this study, and a study proposal
to the NRC was prepared.
Members of the committee were also involved in developing a statement of task for a congressionally mandated
study that will assess Earth science programs at NASA at the mid-point of the decadal survey cycle (the first NRC
decadal survey in Earth science, Earth Science and Applications from Space, published in January 2007).
Also during 2010, members of the CES and SSB staff attended the June 28-30, Irvine, California, meeting of
the NRC Committee on Assessing Requirements for Sustained Ocean Color Research and Operations, a shared
activity of the Ocean Studies Board and the SSB.
A historical summary of reports from CES and related committees is presented in Figure 2.2.
Membership
Berrien Moore III, Climate Central (chair)
Ruth S. DeFries, Columbia University (vice chair)
Mark R. Abbott, Oregon State University
Richard A. Anthes, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
Philip E. Ardanuy, Raytheon Information Solutions
Steven J. Battel, Battel Engineering
Antonio J. Busalacchi, Jr., University of Maryland, College Park
Heidi M. Dierssen, University of Connecticut, Avery Point
Hung-Lung Allen Huang, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Anne W. Nolin, Oregon State University
Jay S. Pearlman, Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
Thomas H. Vonder Haar, Colorado State University
Staff
Arthur A. Charo, Senior Program Officer, SSB
Dionna Williams, Program Associate, SSB
COMMITTEE ON THE ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF LIFE
The Committee on the Origins and Evolution of Life, which operates under the joint auspices of the SSB and the
Board on Life Sciences, held its first meeting of 2010 at the University of Southern California on February 17-19.
The committee’s current activities remained focused on the initiation of a study for NASA concerning the planetary
protection requirements for spacecraft missions to the icy bodies of the outer solar system. A formal request to
initiate such a study was received from NASA on May 20. The ad hoc Committee for Planetary Standards for Icy
Body Protection in the Outer Planets was appointed and will begin meeting in 2011 to address their statement of
task (see Chapter 3).
COEL held its second meeting of 2010 at the National Academies’ Keck Center in Washington, D.C., on
June 3-4. The main focus of the meeting was a series of presentations and discussions on virtual institutes—their
role, operation, and criteria for success.
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14 Space Studies Board Annual Report—2010
NASA's Plans for Post-2002
Earth Observing Missions (1999)
"On Review of Scientific Aspects of the NASA Triana Mission" (2000)
The Role of Small Satellites in NASA and NOAA Earth Observation Programs (2000)
Ensuring the Climate Record from the NPP and
NPOESS Meteorological Satellites (2000)
Review of NASA's Earth
Science Enterprise Research
Issues in the Integration of Issues in the Integration of
Strategy for 2000-2010 (2000)
Research and Operational Satellite Research and Operational Satellite
Systems for Climate Research—I. Systems for Climate Research—II.
Science and Design (2000) Implementation (2001)
Transforming Remote Sensing Data into Information and Applications (2001)
Toward New Partnerships in Remote Sensing: Government, the Private
Sector, and Earth Science Research (2002) Review of NASA's Earth
Science Enterprise Applications
Review of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise Applications Program Plan (2002) Program Plan (2002)
Using Remote Sensing in State and Local Government :Information for
Management and Decision Making (2003)
Satellite Observations of the Earth's Environment:
“Assessment of NASA's Draft
Accelerating the Transition of Research to Operations (2003)
2003 Earth Science Enterprise
Strategy” (2003)
Steps to Facilitate Principal-Investigator-Led Earth Science Missions (2004)
Utilization of Operational Environmental Satellite Data:
Review of Goals and Plans for
Ensuring Readiness for 2010 and Beyond (2004)
NASA's Space and Earth Sciences
(2005)
Extending the Effective Lifetimes of Earth Observing Research Missions (2005)
“A Review of NASA's 2006 Draft
Science Plan: Letter Report” (2006)
Earth Science and Applications from Space: Urgent Needs and Opportunities to Serve the Nation (2005)
Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond (2007)
Options to Ensure the Climate Record from the NPOESS and GOES-R Spacecraft: A Workshop Report (2007)*
Ensuring the Climate Record from the NPOESS and GOES-R Spacecraft: Elements of a Strategy to Recover
Measurement Capabilities Lost in Program Restructuring (2008)
Uncertainty Management in Remote Sensing of Climate Data: Summary of a Workshop (2009)
Assessment of Impediments to Interagency Collaboration on Space and Earth
Science Missions [prepublication] (2010)
*The edited and final version of this Workshop Summary is also included as Appendix B in Ensuring the Climate Record from the NPOESS
and GOES-R Spacecraft (2008)
FIGURE 2.2 SSB-NRC advice on Earth science and applications in space (1979-2010).
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Board and Standing Committees
COEL’s last meeting of 2010 was at the National Academies’ Jonsson Center in Woods Hole, Massachusetts,
on October 13-15. Discussions at this meeting included astrobiology, life on the titanian ocean, and life in extreme
environments.
A historical summary of reports from COEL and related committees is presented in Figure 2.3.
Membership
July 1, 2009–June 30, 2010 July 2010–June 30, 2011
J. Gregory Ferry, Pennsylvania State University J. Gregory Ferry, Pennsylvania State University
(co-chair) (co-chair)
Robert T. Pappalardo, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Robert T. Pappalardo, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology (co-chair) California Institute of Technology (co-chair)
Stanley M. Awramik, University of California, Santa Stanley M. Awramik, University of California, Santa
Barbara Barbara
Katrina J. Edwards, University of Southern California Katrina J. Edwards, University of Southern California
Paul G. Falkowski,6 Rutgers, The State University of Margo G. Haygood, University of Colorado, Boulder
New Jersey Dante Lauretta, University of Arizona
Margo G. Haygood, University of Colorado, Boulder Antonio Lazcano, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
Dante Lauretta, University of Arizona Mexico
Antonio Lazcano, Universidad Nacional Autonoma Ralph D. Lorenz, Johns Hopkins University, Applied
de Mexico Physics Laboratory
Ralph D. Lorenz, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Jeff Moersch, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Physics Laboratory John C. Priscu, Montana State University
Gary Ruvkin,7 Masachusetts General Hospital
Jeff Moersch, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
John C. Priscu, Montana State University Barbara Sherwood Lollar, University of Toronto
Sara Seager, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Everett Shock, Arizona State University
Barbara Sherwood Lollar, University of Toronto Cristina Takacs-Vesbach, University of New Mexico
Everett Shock, Arizona State University
Cristina Takacs-Vesbach, University of New Mexico
European Space Science Committee Liaison
Frances Westall, CNRS Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, Orleans, France
Staff
David H. Smith, Senior Program Officer, SSB
Rodney N. Howard, Senior Program Assistant, SSB
COMMITTEE ON PLANETARY AND LUNAR EXPLORATION
The Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration is on hiatus until the completion of the planetary sciences
decadal survey.
A historical summary of reports from COMPLEX and related committees is presented in Figure 2.4.
Staff
Sandra J. Graham, Senior Program Officer, SSB
6 Term ended in December 2010.
7 Term ended in October 2010.
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16 Space Studies Board Annual Report—2010
Planetary Protection
Mars
Conference on Hazard of Planetary Contamination Due to Microbiological
Contamination in the Interior of Spacecraft Components (1965)
Biology and the
“Study on the
Exploration of Mars (1965)
Biological Quarantine
of Venus ” (1967)
“Review of the
Extraterrestrial Life—An
Sterilization
Anthology and Bibliography,
Parameter Probability
Supplementary to Biology and
Astrobiology “Review of Planetary
of Growth (Pg)”
the Exploration of Mars (1966) Quarantine Policy”
(1970)
(1972)
“On Contamination of the
Life Sciences in Space (1970)
Outer Planets by Earth
Organisms” (1976)
Post-Viking Biological
“Recommendation on Quarantine Policy for
Investigations of Mars (1977)
Uranus, Neptune, and Titan” (1976)
Origin and Evolution of Life— Recommendations on Quarantine Policy for Mars, Jupiter,
Implications for the Planets: A Scientific Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Titan (1978)
Strategy for the 1980s (1981)
“On NASA Policy for Planetary
“On Categorization of the
The Search for Life’s Strategy for the Protection” (1985)
Mars Orbiter Mission” (1985)
Origins: Progress and Detection and Study of
Future Directions in Other Planetary
Planetary Biology and Systems and Extrasolar “Recommendation on
“On Categorization
Chemical Evolution (1990) Planetary Materials: Planetary Protection
of the Comet
1990-2000 (1990) Categorization of the Comet
Rendezvous–
Biological Contamination
Rendezvous-Asteroid Flyby
Asteroid Flyby
of Mars: Issues and
Mission and the Titan-
Mission” (1986)
Recommendations (1992)
Cassini Mission” (1988)
An Integrated Strategy for the Planetary
Mars Sample Return: Issues
Sciences: 1995-2010 (1994)
and Recommendations Evaluating the Biological Potential in Samples Returned
(1997) from Planetary Satellites and Small Solar System Bodies:
Framework for Decision Making (1998)
Size Limits of Very Small Microorganisms:
Proceedings of a Workshop (1999)
Preventing the “On Scientific
Forward Assessment of Options
Contamination of for the Disposition of the
The Quarantine and Certification Europa (2000) Galileo Spacecraft”
of Martian Samples (2002) (2000)
Signs of Life: A Report Based on the April 2000 Workshop on Life Detection Techniques (2002)
Preventing the Forward “Assessment of Planetary
Life in the Universe: An Assessment of U.S. and
Contamination of Mars (2006) Protection Requirements for
International Programs in Astrobiology (2003)
Venus Missions” (2006)
An Astrobiology Strategy for
The Astrophysical Context of Life (2005)
the Exploration of Mars (2007)
Exploring Organic Environments in the Solar System (2007)
Assessment of Planetary
The Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems (2007) Protection Requirements for
Mars Sample Return Missions
Assessment of the NASA Astrobiology Institute (2007) (2009)
FIGURE 2.3 SSB-NRC advice on astrobiology and planetary protection (1965-2009).
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Board and Standing Committees
INNER PLANETS OUTER PLANETS PRIMITIVE BODIES
Lunar Exploration— Strategy for The Outer Solar System: A
Research: 1969-1975 (1969) Program for Exploration (1969)
Venus: Strategy for Outer Planets Exploration:
Exploration (1970) 1972-1985 (1971)
“Report of the Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration,”
Section II of Report on Space Science—1975 (1976)
Strategy for the Exploration of
Primitive Solar-System
Strategy for Exploration of the A Strategy for Exploration
Bodies—Asteroids, Comets,
Inner Planets: 1977-1987 (1978) of the Outer Planets:
and Meteoroids: 1980-1990
1986-1996 (1986)
(1980)
Update to Strategy for
Exploration of the Inner
Planets (1990)
An Integrated Strategy for the Planetary Sciences: 1995-2010 (1994)
A Science Strategy for the
Assessment of Mars Exploring the Trans-
Exploration of Europa (1999)
Science and Mission Neptunian Solar
Priorities (2001) System (1998)
The Exploration of
The Quarantine and
Near-Earth Objects
Certification of Martian
(1998)
Samples (2001)
New Frontiers in the Solar System: An Integrated Exploration Strategy (2002)
Priorities in Space Science Enabled by Nuclear Power and Propulsion (2005)
Assessment of NASA's Mars The Scientific Context for
Architecture 2007-2016 (2006) Exploration of the Moon (2007)
Exploring Organic Environments in the Solar System (2007)
An Astrobiology
Strategy for the
The Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems (2007)
Exploration of
Mars (2007) Grading NASA’s Solar System Exploration Program: A Midterm Review (2008)
Opening New Frontiers in Space: Choices for the Next New Frontiers Announcement of Opportunity (2008)
Science Opportunities Enabled by NASA's Constellation System: Interim Report (2008)
Launching Science: Science Opportunities Provided by NASA’s Constellation System (2009)
Radioisotope Power Systems: An Imperative for Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Space Exploration (2009)
FIGURE 2.4 SSB-NRC advice on solar system exploration (1969-2009). Origins of life topics are covered in Figure 2.3.
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18 Space Studies Board Annual Report—2010
COMMITTEE ON SOLAR AND SPACE PHYSICS
The Committee on Solar and Space Physics met on March 3-5 in Boulder, Colorado, at the University of
Colorado’s Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics to continue its planning for the initiation of the Decadal
Strategy for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics), a comprehensive science and mission strategy for heliophysics
research for a 10-year period beginning in approximately 2013 (see Chapter 3 for details about the survey). For the
remainder of 2010, CSSP was on hiatus until the completion of the decadal survey.
A historical summary of reports from CSSP and related committees is presented in Figure 2.5.
Staff
Arthur A. Charo, Senior Program Officer, SSB
Linda M. Walker, Senior Program Assistant, SSB
SPACE RESEARCH DISCIPLINES WITHOUT STANDING
COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION
Although there are no longer standing committees representing microgravity research or space biology and
medicine, a decadal survey on biological and physical sciences in space was conducted (see Chapter 3). A historical
summary of NRC-SSB advice in space biology and medicine is presented in Figure 2.6, and a historical summary
of NRC-SSB advice microgravity research is presented in Figure 2.7.
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Board and Standing Committees
Solar System Space Physics in the 1980’s: A Research Strategy (1980)
An International Discussion on A Strategy for the Explorer The Physics of the
Solar-Terrestrial Data Access,
Research in Solar and Space Program for Solar and Space Sun (1985)
Distribution, and Archiving (1984)
Physics (1983) Physics (1984)
An Implementation Plan for Priorities in Solar-System Space Physics (1985)
Space Science in the Twenty-First Century: Imperatives for the
Decades 1995 to 2015Solar and Space Physics (1988)
Assessment of Programs in Solar and Space Physics1991 (1991)
A Space Physics Paradox (1994)
A Science Strategy for Space Physics (1995)
Scientific Assessment of NASA’s Space Weather: An Assessment of the Solar and Space Physics Aspects of
SMEX-MIDEX Space Physics A Research NASA’s Space Science Enterprise Strategic Plan (1997)
Mission Selections (1997) Perspective (1997)
Astronomy and
Radiation and the
Readiness for the Ground-Based Solar Research: Astrophysics in the
International Space Station:
Upcoming Solar An Assessment and Strategy for New Millennium
Recommendations to
Maximum (1998) the Future (1998) (2000)
Reduce Risk (1999)
The Sun to the Earth–and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics (2002)
The Sun to the Earth–and Beyond: Panel Reports (2003)
Plasma Physics of the Local Cosmos (2004)
Exploration of the Outer Distributed Arrays of Small
Solar and Space Physics
Heliosphere and the Local Instruments for Solar-
and Its Role in Space
Interstellar Medium: A Terrestrial Research: Report
Exploration (2004)
Workshop Report (2004) of a Workshop (2006)
Space Radiation Hazards
and the Vision for Space
Exploration: Report of a
Workshop (2006)
Severe Space Weather Events
Understanding Societal and
Economic Impacts:
A Workshop Report (2008)
A Performance Assessment of NASA's Heliophysics Program (2009)
FIGURE 2.5 SSB-NRC advice on solar and space physics (1980-2009).
OCR for page 20
20 Space Studies Board Annual Report—2010
HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT STUDIES
SPACE BIOLOGY
Science in Space: Biological Science and Space Research
(1960)
Radiobiological Factors in
Report on NASA Biology Program Physiology in the Space
Manned Spaceflight (1967)
(1968) Environment , Vol. 1 and 2
(1968)
Space Biology (1970)
Radiation Protection
Infectious Disease
Guides and
Life Sciences in Space: Report of
in Manned
Constraints for
the Study to Review NASA Life
Spaceflight:
Space-Mission and
Sciences Programs (1970)
Probabilities and
Vehicle-Design
Countermeasures
Studies Involving
(1970)
Priorities for Space Research: Nuclear Missions
1971-1980 (1971) (1970)
Life Beyond the Earth's HZE-Particle Effects in Manned
Scientific Uses of the
Environment (1979) Spaceflight (1973)
Space Shuttle (1974)
A Strategy for Space Biology and Medical Science for the 1980s and 1990s (1987)
Space Science in the Twenty-First "On the Extended
Century: Life Sciences (1988) Duration Orbiter
Medical Research
Program“ (1989)
"On Several Issues in the Assessment of Programs in Space Biology and
Medicine1991 1991)
Space Life Sciences“
(1993)
"On Continued Operation of the
BEVALAC Facility“ (1992)
"On Life and Microgravity
Sciences and the Space
Station Program“ (1994)
"On Peer Review in Radiation Hazards to Crews of
"On the Planned National
NASA Life Sciences Interplanetary Missions: Biological Issues
Space Biomedical Research
Programs“ (1995) and Research Strategies (1996)
Institute“ (1996)
A Strategy for Research in Space Biology and Medicine in the New Century (1998)
Review of NASA's
Readiness Issues Related to Research in the Biological and Physical
Biomedical Research
Sciences on the International Space Station (2001)
Program (2000)
Factors Affecting the Utilization of the International Space Station for
Research in the Biological and Physical Sciences (2003)
Review of NASA Plans for the International Space Station (2006)
Life and Physical Sciences Research for a New Era of Space Exploration: An Interim Report (2010)
FIGURE 2.6 SSB-NRC advice on space biology and medicine (1960-2010).
OCR for page 21
21
Board and Standing Committees
Materials Processing in Space (1978)
Space Science in
the Twenty-First Microgravity Science and
Century: Applications: Report on a
Imperatives for the Workshop (1986, Board on
Decades 1995 to Physics and Astronomy)
2015. Fundamental
Physics and
Chemistry (1988)
Toward a Microgravity Research Strategy (1992)
"On Life and Microgravity Sciences and
the Space Station Program“ (1994)
"On the Utilization of the Space Station“ (1994)
Microgravity Research Opportunities for the 1990s (1995)
"On Archiving
An Initial Review of Clarification of Microgravity
Microgravity Research in Issues in the Flight Data and
Support of Human Exploration Opportunities Samples
and Development of Space Report“ (1995) (1996)
(1997)
"On Research Facilities Planning for the
International Space Station“ (1997)
Future
Biotechnology
Research on the
Microgravity Research in Support of Technologies for the Human
International
Exploration and Development of Space and Planetary Bodies (2000)
Space Station
(2000)
Readiness Issues Related to Research in the Biological and
The Mission of Microgravity and Physical
Physical Sciences on the International Space Station (2001)
Sciences Research at NASA (2001)
Assessment of Directions in Microgravity and Factors Affecting the Utilization of the International Space Station
Physical Sciences Research at NASA (2003) for Research in the Biological and Physical Sciences (2003)
Review of NASA Plans for the International Space Station (2006)
Life and Physical Sciences Research for a New Era of Space Exploration: An Interim Report (2010)
FIGURE 2.7 SSB-NRC advice on microgravity research (1978-2010).
