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Contents
Summary 1
1 Equity and Transportation Finance 5
Role of Equity in the Evolution of
U.S. Surface Transportation Finance 7
Legal and Policy Framework for Equity 11
Charge to the Committee 14
Committee’s Approach 16
Organization of the Report 18
2 How Transportation Is Funded and Who Pays 21
Taxonomy of Transportation Funding Approaches 22
Who Ultimately Pays? 33
Chapter Highlights 35
3 Equity Through Different Lenses 39
Equity Concepts 40
Categories of People 44
Equity Assessment 49
Distributions of Burdens and Benefits 53
Chapter Highlights 61
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4 Transportation Finance Equity: Evidence and Experience 67
Evidence on Equity in Road Finance 67
Evidence on Equity in Transit Finance 79
Remedying Inequities 81
Opportunities to Fill Knowledge Gaps 88
Chapter Highlights 93
5 Equity and Decision Making: Experience with Road Pricing 102
Equity in Debates over Road Pricing 102
The Role of Public Opinion 108
Lessons Learned from Real-Life Experience 116
Chapter Highlights 124
6 Findings and Recommendations 129
Dimensions of Equity 130
Equity of Evolving Finance Mechanisms 132
Remedying Inequities 134
Measuring Equity 135
Issues for Policy Makers to Consider 136
Recommendations for Public Policy Makers and Their Staff 139
Research Needs 141
Recommendations for Researchers and Analysts 144
Sources of Funding for Recommended Actions 147
Concluding Remarks 149
Appendices
A Legal Basis for Social Impact Assessment and Environmental
Justice Considerations in Transportation Decision Making,
Planning, Policy, and Projects 151
B Committee Meetings and Other Activities 158
C Commissioned Papers and Authors 161
D Symposium Agenda and Participants 162
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E National Surface Transportation Infrastructure
Financing Commission’s Assessment of
the Equity of Finance Mechanisms 167
Study Committee Biographical Information 168
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