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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2011. Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft: An Assessment of NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13244.
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D

Acronyms

AAS American Astronomical Society
ADR active debris removal
AFSPC Air Force Space Command
AIAA American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
ALTAIR ARPA Long-Range Tracking and Instrumentation Radar
Ames Ames Research Center
AMOR Advanced Meteor Orbit Radar
APA Administrative Procedure Act
ARTEMIS Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon’s Interaction with the Sun
ASAT anti-satellite
ASEB Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board
 
BLE ballistic limit equation
 
CA Conjunction Assessment
CARA Conjunction Assessment Risk Analysis
CEOS Committee on Earth Observations Satellites
COLA Launch Collision Avoidance
COSPAR Committee on Space Research
 
DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DAS Debris Assessment Software
DLR German Aerospace Center
DOD Department of Defense
DPE damage predictor equation
 
EMP electromagnetic pulse
ESA European Space Agency
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2011. Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft: An Assessment of NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13244.
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ESD electrostatic discharge
EVA extravehicular activity
EVOLVE 2-dimensional Evolutionary Debris Model
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FCC Federal Communications Commission
 
GEO geosynchronous/geostationary Earth orbit
GPM Global Precipitation Measurement (mission)
GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center
 
HAX Haystack Auxiliary
HITF Hypervelocity Impact Technology Facility
HPLA high power large aperture radar
HRMP Harvard Radio Meteor Project
HST Hubble Space Telescope
HVIT Hypervelocity Impact Technology
 
IADC Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee
IAF International Astronautical Federation
IDP interplanetary dust particle
IFM Interplanetary Flux Model
ISS International Space Station
ITAR International Traffic in Arms Regulations
 
JSC Johnson Space Center
JSpOC Joint Space Operations Center
 
KSC Kennedy Space Center
 
LARC Langley Research Center
LDEF Long Duration Exposure Facility
LEGEND LEO-to-GEO Environment Debris model
LEO low Earth orbit
LMT Liquid Mirror Telescope
LSC UNCOPUOS Legal Subcommittee of Committee on the Peaceful Purposes of Space
LSP Launch Services Program
 
MCAT Meter-Class Autonomous Telescope
MCSurv Manned Spacecraft and Crew Survivability
MEM Meteoroid Environment Model
MEO Meteoroid Environment Office
MMOD meteoroid and orbital debris
MODEST Michigan Orbital Debris Survey Telescope
MSCSurv Manned Spacecraft and Crew Survivability code
MSFC Marshall Space Flight Center
 
NaK sodium potassium
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2011. Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft: An Assessment of NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13244.
×
NORAD North American Aerospace Defense Command
NRC National Research Council
NRO National Reconnaissance Office
 
OCM Orbit Conjunction Messages
OCT Office of the Chief Technologist
OD orbital debris
ODA orbital debris assessment
ODPO Orbital Debris Program Office
OMB Office of Management and Budget
ORDEM Orbital Debris Environment Model
ORSAT Object Reentry Survival Analysis Tool
OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy
 
Pc probability of collision
PRA probabilistic risk analysis/assessment
PSFT Propulsion Systems Foundation Technology
PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
 
RCS radar cross-section
RORSAT Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite
 
SBM standard breakup model
SBRAM Satellite Breakup Assessment Model
SDA Space Data Association
SDC Space Data Center
SEM Size Estimation Model
SGP4 Simplified General Perturbations 4
SNR signal-to-noise ratio
SOCIT Satellite Orbital Debris Characterization Impact Test
SP special perturbations
SSN Space Surveillance Network
STD NASA Technical Standard
STSC UNCOPUOS Science and Technology Subcommittee
 
TLE two-line element set
TRL technology readiness level
 
UN United Nations
UNCOPUOS UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
UNGA UN General Assembly
USAF U.S. Air Force
USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
USSTRATCOM U.S. Strategic Command
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2011. Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft: An Assessment of NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13244.
×
Page 113
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2011. Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft: An Assessment of NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13244.
×
Page 114
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2011. Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft: An Assessment of NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13244.
×
Page 115
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Derelict satellites, equipment and other debris orbiting Earth (aka space junk) have been accumulating for many decades and could damage or even possibly destroy satellites and human spacecraft if they collide. During the past 50 years, various National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) communities have contributed significantly to maturing meteoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) programs to their current state. Satellites have been redesigned to protect critical components from MMOD damage by moving critical components from exterior surfaces to deep inside a satellite's structure. Orbits are monitored and altered to minimize the risk of collision with tracked orbital debris. MMOD shielding added to the International Space Station (ISS) protects critical components and astronauts from potentially catastrophic damage that might result from smaller, untracked debris and meteoroid impacts.

Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft: An Assessment of NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Program examines NASA's efforts to understand the meteoroid and orbital debris environment, identifies what NASA is and is not doing to mitigate the risks posed by this threat, and makes recommendations as to how they can improve their programs. While the report identified many positive aspects of NASA's MMOD programs and efforts including responsible use of resources, it recommends that the agency develop a formal strategic plan that provides the basis for prioritizing the allocation of funds and effort over various MMOD program needs. Other necessary steps include improvements in long-term modeling, better measurements, more regular updates of the debris environmental models, and other actions to better characterize the long-term evolution of the debris environment.

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