Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page R1
Social and Economic
Costs of Violence
WORKSHOP SUMMARY
Deepali M. Patel and Rachel M. Taylor, Rapporteurs
Forum on Global Violence Prevention
Board on Global Health
OCR for page R2
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Govern-
ing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the
councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineer-
ing, and the Institute of Medicine.
This study was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences
and the Department of Health and Human Services: Administration on Aging,
Administration on Children, Youth, and Families, Office on Women’s Health;
Anheuser-Busch InBev; Avon Foundation for Women; BD (Becton, Dickinson and
Company); Catholic Health Initiatives; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;
Eli Lilly and Company; Department of Education: Office of Safe and Drug-Free
Schools; Department of Justice: National Institute of Justice; Fetzer Institute; F. Felix
Foundation; Foundation to Promote Open Society; The Joyce Foundation; Kaiser
Permanente; National Institutes of Health: National Institute on Alcoholism and
Alcohol Abuse, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Office of Research on Women’s
Health, John E. Fogarty International Center; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation;
and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Any opinions,
findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of
the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies
that provided support for this project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-22024-8
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-22024-6
Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or
(202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.
edu.
For more information about the Institute of Medicine, visit the IOM home page
at: www.iom.edu.
Copyright 2012 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost
all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The serpent
adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is a relief carving from ancient
Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin.
Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine) and NRC (National Research Coun-
cil). 2012. Social and economic costs of violence: Workshop summary. Washington,
DC: The National Academies Press.
OCR for page R3
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society
of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to
the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare.
Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Acad-
emy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific
and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy
of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter
of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engi-
neers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members,
sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the
federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineer-
ing programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research,
and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is presi-
dent of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of
Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in
the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Insti-
tute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its
congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own
initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V.
Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences
in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the
Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government.
Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the
Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy
of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to
the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The
Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine.
Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively,
of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
OCR for page R4
OCR for page R5
PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR WORKSHOP ON SOCIAL AND
ECONOMIC COSTS OF VIOLENCE: THE VALUE OF PREVENTION1
MARK L. ROSENBERG (Chair), President and CEO, The Task Force for
Global Health
MINDY THOMPSON FULLILOVE, Research Psychiatrist and Professor
of Clinical Psychiatry and Public Health, New York State Psychiatric
Institute at Columbia University
PEGGY MURRAY, Senior Advisor for International Research, Office of
the Director, National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
PAMELA B. TEASTER, Director of the Graduate Center for
Gerontology, Chairperson of the Department of Gerontology, and
Associate Dean for Research, College of Public Health, University of
Kentucky
ELIZABETH WARD, Chairman, Violence Prevention Alliance, University
of the West Indies, Mona Campus
1 Institute of Medicine planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the work-
shop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published workshop
summary rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
v
OCR for page R6
FORUM ON GLOBAL VIOLENCE PREVENTION
JACQUELYN C. CAMPBELL (Co-chair), Anna D. Wolf Chair and
Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing
MARK L. ROSENBERG (Co-chair), President and CEO, The Task Force
for Global Health
CLARE ANDERSON, Deputy Commissioner, Administration on
Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Health and Human
Services
FRANCES E. ASHE-GOINS, Deputy Director, Office on Women’s
Health, Department of Health and Human Services
KATRINA BAUM, Senior Research Officer, Office of Research
Partnerships, National Institute of Justice, Department of Justice
SUSAN BISSELL, Associate Director, Child Protection Section, United
Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
ARTURO CERVANTES TREJO, Director General, National Center for
Injury Prevention, Ministry of Health, Mexico
XINQI DONG, Associate Director, Rush Institute for Health Aging;
Associate Professor of Medicine, Behavioral Sciences, and
Gerontological Nursing, Rush University Medical Center
AMIE GIANINO, Senior Global Director, Beer & Better World,
Anheuser-Busch InBev
KATHY GREENLEE, Assistant Secretary for Aging, Administration on
Aging, Department of Health and Human Services
RODRIGO V. GUERRERO, City Counselor, Cali, Colombia
JOHN R. HAYES, Global Strategy Leader for Neuroscience, Medical
Affairs, Eli Lilly and Company
DAVID HEMENWAY, Director, Injury Control Research Center and the
Youth Violence Prevention Center, Harvard School of Public Health
FRANCES HENRY, Advisor, F. Felix Foundation
MERCEDES S. HINTON, Program Officer, Initiative on Confronting
Violent Crime, Open Society Institute
LARKE NAHME HUANG, Senior Advisor, Office of the Administrator,
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,
Department of Health and Human Services
L. ROWELL HUESMANN, Amos N. Tversky Collegiate Professor of
Psychology and Communication Studies Director, Research Center
for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, University of
Michigan
KEVIN JENNINGS, Assistant Deputy Secretary of Education, Office of
Safe and Drug Free Schools, Department of Education
CAROL M. KURZIG, President, Avon Foundation for Women
vi
OCR for page R7
JOANNE LACROIX, Manager, Family Violence Prevention Unit, Public
Health Agency of Canada
JACQUELINE LLOYD, Health Scientist Administrator, Prevention
Research Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention
Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse
BRIGID McCAW, Medical Director, NCal Family Violence Prevention
Program, Kaiser Permanente
JAMES A. MERCY, Special Advisor for Strategic Directions, Division
of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and
Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
PEGGY MURRAY, Senior Advisor for International Research, Office of
the Director, National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
MICHAEL PHILLIPS, Director, Suicide Research and Prevention Center,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
COLLEEN SCANLON, Senior Vice President, Advocacy, Catholic Health
Initiatives
KRISTIN SCHUBERT, Interim Team Director, Public Health and
Program Officer, Vulnerable Populations, Robert Wood Johnson
Foundation
EVELYN TOMASZEWSKI, Senior Policy Advisor, Human Rights and
International Affairs, National Association of Social Workers
ELIZABETH WARD, Chairman, Violence Prevention Alliance, University
of the West Indies, Mona Campus
Staff
DEEPALI M. PATEL, Program Officer
RACHEL M. TAYLOR, Research Associate
RACHEL E. PITTLUCK, Senior Program Assistant (until May 2011)
MEGAN M. PEREZ, Senior Program Assistant (from June 2011)
ELENA NIGHTINGALE, Scholar-in-Residence
KATE BURNS, Intern
JULIE WILTSHIRE, Financial Officer
PATRICK KELLEY, Board Director
vii
OCR for page R8
OCR for page R9
Reviewers
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen
for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with
procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review
Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid
and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published
report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional
standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge.
The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect
the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for
their review of this report:
THERESA BETANCOURT, Assistant Professor of Child Health and
Human Rights, Department of Global Health and Population,
Harvard School of Public Health; Director, Research Program on
Children and Global Adversity, Francois-Xavier Bagnoud Center
for Health and Human Rights
JÜRGEN REHM, Director, Social and Epidemiological Research
Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
GARY SLUTKIN, Executive Director, CeaseFire; Professor,
Epidemiology and International Health, University of Illinois at
Chicago School of Public Health
ELIZABETH WARD, Chairman, Violence Prevention Alliance,
University of the West Indies, Mona Campus
ix
OCR for page R10
x REVIEWERS
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive
comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the final draft
of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by
ANNE C. PETERSEN, Research Professor at the Center for Human Growth
and Development at the University of Michigan. Appointed by the Institute
of Medicine she was responsible for making certain that an independent
examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional
procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Re-
sponsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the author
and the institution.
OCR for page R11
Contents
1 Introduction 1
PART I: Workshop Overview
2 Approaches to Measurement and Costing Methodology 7
3 Challenges in Calculating Costs 14
4 Toward a Bigger Picture of the Costs of Violence 17
5 The Promise of Investing in Violence Prevention 26
PART II: Papers and Commentary from Workshop Speakers
6 Papers on Direct and Indirect Costs of Violence 33
The Costs of Interpersonal Violence—An International Review 34
Hugh Richard Waters, Adnan Ali Hyder, Yogesh Rajkoti,
Suprotik Basu, and Alexander Butchart
Consequences of Elder Abuse: The Needs for Social Justice and
Policy Implications 51
XinQi Dong
Costs of Firearm Violence: How You Measure Things Matters 60
David Hemenway
xi
OCR for page R12
xii CONTENTS
The Contagion of Violence: The Extent, the Processes, and the
Outcomes 63
L. Rowell Huesmann
How Persistent Fear and Anxiety Can Affect Young Children’s
Learning, Behavior, and Health 69
Nathan A. Fox and Jack P. Shonkoff
7 Papers on Context and Place 84
Social Contexts and Violence 84
Mindy Thompson Fullilove and Rodrick Wallace
The Impact of War on Child Development and Mental Health:
A Longitudinal Study of Risk and Resilience Among Former
Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone 88
Theresa S. Betancourt
Intimate Partner Violence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries:
High Costs to Households and Communities 97
Aslihan Kes
Youth Violence in Kingston, Jamaica 102
Elizabeth Ward, Damian Hutchinson, Horace Levy, and
Deanna Ashley
8 Papers on Investing in Prevention 113
The Value of Prevention 113
Rachel A. Davis
Communities That Care: Bridging Science and Community
Practice to Prevent Adolescent Health and Behavior Problems
Including Violence 121
J. David Hawkins, Richard F. Catalano, and
Margaret R. Kuklinski
OCR for page R13
xiii
CONTENTS
APPENDIXES
A Workshop Agenda 141
B Speaker Biographical Sketches 147
C Planning Committee Biographical Sketches 161
D Forum Member Biographical Sketches 164
OCR for page R14
