Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Second Report

3-1 Accomplishments of High Efficiency Clean Combustion Projects

3-2 Accomplishments of Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) Projects

3-3 Accomplishments of Other Engine Projects Funded in Part by the Department of Energy

3-4 Major 21CTP-Related Projects Addressing Advanced Combustion Fundamentals

3-5 Engines Under Development by the Environmental Protection Agency for Series Hydraulic Hybrid Trucks

3-6 EPA’s Homogeneous-Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine Features for a Series Hydraulic Hybrid Demonstrator Shuttle Bus

3-7 High Power Density–Low Heat Rejection Program Targets of the Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center

3-8 Adaptation of Commercial Engines for Military Use

3-9 Army Broad Agency Announcements (2010-2013): Summary of Three Programs for Powertrain Technology Development

3-10 Major 21CTP-Related Projects Funded in FY 2010 Addressing Advanced Petroleum-Based Fuels and Non-Petroleum- Based Fuels

3-11 Department of Energy 21CTP Supported Aftertreatment Research Programs

3-12 Projects Attributed to Health Effects Studies Receiving Funding from the Department of Energy as Part of 21CTP

4-1 Hybrid Vehicle Architectures, Their Status as of 2009, and Primary Applications

4-2 Heavy-Duty Hybrid Funding for FY2007-FY2010

4-3 Electric-Vehicle Battery Materials, Production, and Recycling Capabilities Being Developed by 12 Domestic Manufacturers, with Amount of Department of Energy Funding

4-4 Nine Domestic Manufacturing Facilities for Battery Cell Production and Pack Assembly and Amount of Total Investment

4-5 Fuel Economy Improvements for Parallel and Series Hydraulic Hybrid Trucks

4-6 Maximum Incremental Cost of a Hybrid Truck Qualifying for a Tax Credit

4-7 Hybrid Truck Tax Credit as a Function of Fuel Economy

4-8 Hybrid Trucks—Break-even Cost Analysis (Future 2015-2020 Technology)

5-1 Heavy-Duty Truck Power Consumption (each hour)

6-1 Comparison of Attributes of Idle Reduction Systems

6-2 Status of Navistar Auxiliary Power Unit System Versus Program Goals

6-3 Comparison of Fuel Consumption Rates for Various Types of Idle Operation

6-4 Cab Comfort Technology Summary

8-1 Comparison of SuperTruck Projects and Technologies to Be Explored by Each of Three Teams

9-1 Maximum Truck Size and Weight Limits for 13 of 20 States Subject to the ISTEA Freeze

9-2 Summary of Fuel Saving Opportunities

E-1 Available Models of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Hybrid Vehicles and Electric Trucks

F-1 Proposed Drive-Cycle Weightings (percent) for Hybrid Vehicles Without Power Take-off

G-1 History of Heavy-Duty Truck Aerodynamic and Tire Rolling Resistance Coefficients

Table of Contents

Front Matter R1-R14

Summary 1-8

1 Introduction and Background 9-20

2 Management Strategy and Priority Setting 21-26

3 Engine Systems and Fuels 27-58

4 Medium- and Heavy-Duty Hybrid Vehicles 59-77

5 Vehicle Power Demands 78-91

6 Engine Idle Reduction 92-106

7 Safety 107-114

8 SuperTruck Program 115-124

9 Efficient Operations 125-138

Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members 139-142

Appendix B: Presentations and Committee Meetings 143-144

Appendix C: Responses from the 21st Century Truck Partnership to the Findings and Recommendations from the National Research Council Phase 1 Review 145-160

Appendix D: Highlights of Selected Propulsion Material Programs 161-162

Appendix E: Available Models of Medium- to Heavy-Duty Hybrid and Electric Trucks 163-165

Appendix F: Proposed Mechanism for Obtaining Hybrid Vehicle Credits 166-168

Appendix G: History of Heavy-Duty Truck Aerodynamic and Tire Rolling Resistance Coefficients 169-170

Appendix H: Bibliography for Long Combinations Vehicles in Canada, the United States, and Australia 171-173

Appendix I: Acronyms and Abbreviations 174-176