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Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations and Acronyms." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

A-PBA    Asia-Pacific Biosafety Organization
AAHL    Australian Animal Health Laboratory
ABSA    American Biological Safety Association
ABSL    Animal biosafety level
ACH    Air changes per hour
AFB    Acid-fast bacillus
AfBSA    African Biological Safety Organization
AI    Avian influenza
AIDS    Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
ANBio    Brazilian Biosafety Association
AusAID    Australian Government Overseas Aid Program
        
BATA    Biological Agents and Toxins Act (Singapore)
BD    Border disease
BEN    Biocontainment Engineering Network (IFBA)
BEP    Biosecurity Engagement Program (United States)
BLWG    Biological Laboratory Working Group (Canada/Kyrgyz Republic)
BMBL    Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
BSA    Biosafety association
BSC    Biological safety cabinet
BSL    Biosafety level
BTRP    Biological Threat Reduction Program
BVD    Bovine viral diarrhoea
BWC    Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention
        
CAREC    Caribbean Epidemiology Centre
CCHF    Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
CDC    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (United States)
CEN    European Committee for Standardization
CIRMF    International Centre of Medical Research of Franceville
CMLF    Caribbean Med Labs Foundation
COMSTECH    Ministerial Standing Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation (Pakistan)
CPA    Mexico-US Commission for the Prevention of Foot and Mouth Disease and Other Exotic Animal Diseases
CPHRL    Central Public Health Reference Laboratory (Republic of Georgia)
CTR    Cooperative Threat Reduction
CWA    CEN Workshop Agreement
        
DARPA    Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DTRA    Defense Threat Reduction Agency
        
EDPLN    Emerging and Dangerous Pathogens Laboratory Network
ELISA    Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EHEC    Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli
EU    European Union
Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations and Acronyms." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
×
        
FAO    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FBI    Federal Bureau of Investigation (United States)
FMD    Foot and mouth disease
FTA    Flinders Technology Associates
        
GAO    Government Accountability Office (United States)
GOARN    Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network
GLI    Global Laboratory Initiative
GMO    Genetically modified organism
GMP    Good manufacturing practice
        
HEPA    High-efficiency particulate air
HFRS    Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
HIV    Human immunodeficiency virus
HPAI    Highly pathogenic avian influenza
HSADL    High Security Animal Disease Laboratory
HUS    Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
HVAC    Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
        
IAP    InterAcademy Panel on International Issues
IAP BWG    InterAcademy Panel on International Issues Biosecurity Working Group
IATA    International Air Transport Association
IBC    Institutional Biosafety Committee
IFBA    International Federation of Biosafety Associations
IHR    International Health Regulations
INTERPOL    International Criminal Police Organization
ICAO    International Civil Aviation Organization
ICLS    International Council of Life Sciences
IEC    International Electrotechnical Commission
IFA    Immunofluorescence assays
IgM    Immunoglobulin M
IPM    Institut Pasteur du Maroc
IPPC    International Plant Protection Convention
ISO    International Organization for Standardization
IVI    International Vaccine Institute
        
JICA    Japan International Cooperation Agency
        
KCDC    Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention
        
LAI    Laboratory-acquired infection or laboratory-associated infection
LANL    Los Alamos National Lab
LBM    Laboratory Biosafety Manual
LPAI    Low pathogenic avian influenza
LRN    Laboratory Response Network
        
MAC    Medical Advisory Committee (Australia, AAHL)
MARA    Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Turkey)
MDR-TB    Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
MORU    Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations and Acronyms." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
×
        
NGO    Non-governmental organization
NIAID    National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases (United States)
NIH    National Institutes of Health (United States)
NIHRD    National Institute of Health Research and Development (Indonesia)
NIID    National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Japan)
NRC    National Research Council (United States)
        
OECD    Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OIE    World Organisation for Animal Health
OIE CC    World Organisation for Animal Health Collaborating Center
OIE RL    World Organisation for Animal Health Reference Laboratory
OUCRU-HCM    Oxford University Clinical Research Unit—Ho Chi Minh City
        
PCR    Polymerase chain reaction
POC    Point-of-care
PPE    Personal protective equipment
        
RKI    Robert Koch Institute
RT-PCR    Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
        
SAPO    Specified Animal Pathogens Order (U.K.)
SARS    Severe acute respiratory syndrome
SEAICRN    Southeast Asian Clinical Infectious Diseases Network
SIV    Simian immunodeficiency virus
SNL    Sandia National Laboratories
SOP    Standard operating procedure
        
TB    Tuberculosis
TÜBA    Turkish Academy of Sciences
        
UNAS    Uganda National Academy of Science
UNESCO    United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
        
VSVRI    Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute
        
WHO    World Health Organization
        
XDR    Extremely drug resistant
Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations and Acronyms." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations and Acronyms." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
×
Page 93
Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations and Acronyms." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
×
Page 94
Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations and Acronyms." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
×
Page 95
Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations and Acronyms." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
×
Page 96
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During July 10-13, 2011, 68 participants from 32 countries gathered in Istanbul, Turkey for a workshop organized by the United States National Research Council on Anticipating Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-containment Biological Laboratories. The United States Department of State's Biosecurity Engagement Program sponsored the workshop, which was held in partnership with the Turkish Academy of Sciences. The international workshop examined biosafety and biosecurity issues related to the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of high-containment biological laboratories- equivalent to United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention biological safety level 3 or 4 labs. Although these laboratories are needed to characterize highly dangerous human and animal pathogens, assist in disease surveillance, and produce vaccines, they are complex systems with inherent risks.

Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories summarizes the workshop discussion, which included the following topics:

  • Technological options to meet diagnostic, research, and other goals;
  • Laboratory construction and commissioning;
  • Operational maintenance to provide sustainable capabilities, safety, and security; and
  • Measures for encouraging a culture of responsible conduct.

Workshop attendees described the history and current challenges they face in their individual laboratories. Speakers recounted steps they were taking to improve safety and security, from running training programs to implementing a variety of personnel reliability measures. Many also spoke about physical security, access controls, and monitoring pathogen inventories. Workshop participants also identified tensions in the field and suggested possible areas for action.

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