a member of the physics and medical faculty of Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium. Currently he is the chair of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU), chair of Committee 2, and member of the Main Commission of the ICRP. Dr. Menzel has served on numerous international scientific committees of the ICRU, the ICRP, the IAEA, and the European Commission. More recently, he was a co-chair of an ICRU report on cosmic radiation exposure of aircrew, and he is currently a member of an ICRP Task Group on Assessment of Radiation Exposure of Astronauts in Space. Dr. Menzel was the William G. Morgan Lecturer of the Health Physics Society. He earned his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Saarland.

PETER O’NEILL is a professor of radiation biology and the deputy director and head of the DNA Damage Group at the Gray Institute of Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and a chartered chemist. His research focuses on the chemistry of the types of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation, from the early free-radical processes to the complexities of damage, and how these may contribute to carcinogenesis or radiation cytotoxicity. More recently his major research interests have focused on understanding the challenges that radiation-induced clustered DNA damage sites present to the repair pathways and, as a consequence, contribute to carcinogenesis at environmental radiation levels or to the killing of tumor cells. Among the several grants that he holds, he is funded through the Department of Energy/ NASA low-dose radiation program. Dr. O’Neill is currently the president of the North American Radiation Research Society. He received the Weiss Medal for his contributions to radiation biology and the health effects of ionizing radiation. He was awarded his B.Sc. in chemistry and Ph.D. from the University of Leeds, United Kingdom. At present he serves as a member of the Topical Team IBER for the European Space Agency to review and update scientific knowledge in space radiation biology and dosimetry and is a member of the EU MELODI Group developing the Strategic Research Agenda for Radiation Protection Program for the next 20 to 30 years. He is or has been a member on several Research Council committees in the United Kingdom.

Staff

SANDRA J. GRAHAM, Study Director, has been a senior program officer at the National Research Council’s Space Studies Board (SSB) since 1994. During that time Dr. Graham has directed a large number of major studies, many of them focused on space research in biological and physical sciences and technology. More recent studies include an assessment of servicing options for the Hubble Space Telescope, a study of the societal impacts of severe space weather, and a review of NASA’s Space Communications Program while she was on loan to the NRC’s Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board (ASEB). Prior to joining the SSB, Dr. Graham held the position of senior scientist at the Bionetics Corporation, where she provided technical and science management support for NASA’s Microgravity Science and Applications Division. She received her Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry from Duke University, where her research focused primarily on topics in bioinorganic chemistry, such as rate modeling and reaction chemistry of biological metal complexes and their analogs.

CATHERINE A. GRUBER, editor, joined the Space Studies Board as a senior program assistant in 1995. Ms. Gruber first came to the NRC in 1988 as a senior secretary for the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board and also worked as an outreach assistant for the National Science Resources Center. She was a research assistant (chemist) in the National Institute of Mental Health’s Laboratory of Cell Biology for 2 years. She has a B.A. in natural science from St. Mary’s College of Maryland.

AMANDA R. THIBAULT, research associate, joined the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board in 2011. Ms. Thibault is a graduate of Creighton University where she earned her B.S. in atmospheric science in 2008. From there she went on to Texas Tech University where she studied lightning trends in tornadic and non-tornadic supercell thunderstorms and worked as a teaching and research assistant. She participated in the VORTEX 2 field project from 2009-2010 and graduated with a M.S. in atmospheric science from Texas Tech in August 2010. She is a member of the American Meteorological Society.