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Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies (2013)

Chapter: Appendix C: Observations of Induced Seismicity

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Observations of Induced Seismicity." National Research Council. 2013. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13355.
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APPENDIX C

Observations of Induced Seismicity

Site/City/State Country Max Magnitude Technology Type (causing induced seismicity) Reference
Akmaar Netherlands 3.5 Oil and gas extraction Giardini (2011)
Akosombo Ghana 5.3 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Apollo Hendrick Field, Texas USA 2 Secondary recovery Doser et al. (1992)
Ashtabula, Ohio USA 3.6 Wastewater injection Armbruster et al. (1987)
Assen Netherlands 2.8 Oil and gas extraction Grasso (1992)
Aswan Egypt 5.6 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Attica, New York USA 5.2 Other Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Bad Urach Germany 1.8 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
Bajina Basta Yugoslavia 4.8 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Barsa-Gelmes-Wishka Oilfield Turkmenistan 6 Secondary recovery Kouznetsov et al. (1994)
Basel Switzerland 3.4 Geothermal Giardini (2011)
Belchalow Poland 4.6 Other Giardini (2011)
Benmore New Zealand 5 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Bergermeer Field Netherlands 3.5 Oil and gas extraction van Eck et al. (2006)
Berlin El Salvador 4.4 Geothermal Bommer et al. (2006)
Bhatsa India 4.8 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Blackpool UK 2.3 Hydraulic fracturing de Pater and Baisch (2011)
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Observations of Induced Seismicity." National Research Council. 2013. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13355.
×
Site/City/State Country Max Magnitude Technology Type (causing induced seismicity) Reference
Cajuru, Brazil Brazil 4.7 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Camarillas, Spain Spain 4.1 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Canelles, Spain Spain 4.7 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Catoosa, Oklahoma1 USA 4.7 Oil and gas extraction Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Cesano Italy 2 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
Charvak Uzbekistan 4 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Clark Hill USA 4.3 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Cleburne, Texas USA 2.8 Oil and gas extraction Howe et al. (2010)
Cleveland, Ohio2 USA 3 Other Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Coalinga, California USA 6.5 Oil and gas extraction McGarr (1991)
Cogdell Canyon Reef, Texas USA 4.6 Secondary recovery Davis and Pennington (1989); Nicholson and Wesson (1990)
Cold Lake, Alberta Canada 2 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1990)
Cooper Basin Australia 3.7 Geothermal Majer et al. (2007)
Coso, California USA 2.6 Geothermal Julian et al. (2007); Foulger et al. (2008)
Coyote Valley USA 5.2 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Dale, New York USA 1 Other Nicholson and Wesson (1990)
Dallas Fort Worth, Texas USA 3.3 Wastewater injection Frohlich et al. (2010)
Dan Denmark 4 Oil and gas extraction Grasso (1992)
Danjiangkou China 4.7 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Denver, Colorado3 USA 4.8 Wastewater injection Hermann et al. (1981)
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Observations of Induced Seismicity." National Research Council. 2013. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13355.
×
Site/City/State Country Max Magnitude Technology Type (causing induced seismicity) Reference
Desert Peak, Nevada USA 0.74 Geothermal Chabora et al. (2012)
Dhamni India 3.8 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Dollarhide, Texas USA 3.5 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Dora Roberts, Texas USA 3 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
East Durant, Oklahoma USA 3.5 Oil and gas extraction Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
East Texas, Texas USA 4.3 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Ekofisk Norway 3.4 Oil and gas extraction Grasso (1992)
El Dorado, Arkansas USA 3 Wastewater injection Cox (1991)
El Reno, Oklahoma4 USA 5.2 Oil and gas extraction Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Eola field, Oklahoma USA 2.8 Hydraulic fracturing Holland (2011)
Eucumbene Australia 5 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Fashing, Texas USA 3.4 Oil and gas extraction Pennington et al. (1986)
Fenton Hill, New Mexico USA 1 Geothermal Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Fjallbacka Sweden –0.2 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
Fort St. John, British Columbia Canada 4.3 Secondary recovery Horner et al. (1994)
Foziling China 4.5 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Gazli Uzbekistan 7.3 Oil and gas extraction Adushkin et al. (2000)
Geysers, California USA 4.6 Geothermal Majer et al. (2007)
Gobles Field, Ontario Canada 2.8 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1990)
Goose Creek, Texas USA unknown5 Oil and gas extraction Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Grandval France unknown6 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Observations of Induced Seismicity." National Research Council. 2013. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13355.
×
Site/City/State Country Max Magnitude Technology Type (causing induced seismicity) Reference
Groningen Field Netherlands 3 Oil and gas extraction van Eck et al. (2006)
Gross Schonebeck Germany –1.1 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
Grozny Caucasus (Russia) 3.2 Oil and gas extraction Guha (2000)
Gudermes Caucasus (Russia) 4.5 Oil and gas extraction Smirnova (1968)
Guy and Greenbrier, Arkansas USA 4.7 Wastewater injection Horton (2012)
Harz Germany 3.5 Other Giardini (2011)
Hellisheidi Iceland 2.4 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
Hijiori Japan 0.3 Geothermal Kaieda et al. (2010)
Hoover USA 5 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Horstberg Germany 0 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
Hsinfengchiang China 6.1 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Hunt Field, Mississippi7 USA 3.6 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Idukki India 3.5 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Imogene Field, Texas USA 3.9 Oil and gas extraction Pennington et al. (1986)
Inglewood Oil Field, California USA 3.7 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Ingouri Caucasus (Russia) 4.4 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Itizhitezhi Zambia 4.2 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Kariba Zambia 6.2 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Kastraki Greece 4.6 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Kermit Field, Texas USA 4 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1990)
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Observations of Induced Seismicity." National Research Council. 2013. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13355.
×
Site/City/State Country Max Magnitude Technology Type (causing induced seismicity) Reference
Kerr USA 4.9 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Kettleman North, California USA 6.1 Oil and gas extraction McGarr (1991)
Keystone I Field, Texas USA 3.5 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1990)
Keystone II Field, Texas USA 3.5 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1990)
Kinnersani India 5.3 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Koyna India 6.5 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Krafla Iceland 2 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
Kremasta Greece 6.3 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
German Continental Deep Drilling Program Germany 1.2 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
Kurobe Japan 4.9 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Kuwait Kuwait 4.7 Oil and gas extraction Bou-Rabee (1994)
Lacq France 4.2 Oil and gas extraction Grasso and Wittlinger (1990)
Lake Charles, Louisiana8 USA 3.8 Oil and gas extraction Nicholson and Wesson (1990)
Lambert Field, Texas USA 3.4 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Landau Germany 2.7 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
Larderello-Travale Italy 3 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
Latera Italy 2.9 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
LGDD Russia 4.2 Other Giardini (2011)
Love County, Oklahoma9 USA 2.8 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1990)
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Observations of Induced Seismicity." National Research Council. 2013. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13355.
×
Site/City/State Country Max Magnitude Technology Type (causing induced seismicity) Reference
Love County, Oklahoma USA 1.9 Oil and gas extraction (hydraulic fracturing for conventional oil and gas development) Nicholson and Wesson (1990)
Manicouagan Canada 4.1 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Marathon Greece 5.7 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Matsushiro Japan 2.8 Wastewater injection Ohtake (1974)
Mica, Canada Canada 4.1 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Monahans, Texas USA 3 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Monte Amiata Italy 3.5 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
Montebello, California USA 5.9 Oil and gas extraction Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Montecillo, South Carolina USA 2.8 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Monteynard France 4.9 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Mutnovsky, Kamchatka Russia 2 Geothermal Kugaenko et al. (2005)
Northern Panhandle, Texas USA 3.4 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1990)
Nurek Tadjikstan 4.6 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Ogachi Japan 2 Geothermal Kaieda et al. (2010)
Petroleum field Oman 2.1 Oil and gas extraction Sze (2005)
Orcutt Field, California USA 3.5 Oil and gas extraction Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Oroville, California USA 5.7 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Paradise Valley, Colorado USA 0.8 Wastewater injection Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Observations of Induced Seismicity." National Research Council. 2013. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13355.
×
Site/City/State Country Max Magnitude Technology Type (causing induced seismicity) Reference
Paradox Valley, Colorado USA 4.3 Wastewater injection Ake et al. (2005)
Perry, Ohio USA 2.7 Wastewater injection Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Piastra Italy 4.4 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Pieve de Cadore Italy 4.3 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Porto Colombia Brazil 5.1 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Rangely, Colorado USA 3.1 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1990)
Renqiu oil field China 4.5 Secondary recovery Genmo et al. (1995)
Richland County, Illinois10 USA 4.9 Oil and gas extraction Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Rocky Mountain House, Alberta Canada 3.4 Oil and gas extraction Wetmiller (1986)
Romashkino, Tartarstan Russia 4 Secondary recovery Adushkin et al. (2000)
Rongchang, Chongqing China 5.2 Oil and gas extraction Lei et al. (2008)
Rosemanowes, UK 2 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
Roswinkel Field Netherlands 3.4 Oil and gas extraction van Eck et al. (2006)
Rotenburg Germany 4.5 Oil and gas extraction Giardini (2011)
Sefia Rud Iran 4.7 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Shandong China 2.4 Secondary recovery Shouzhong et al. (1987)
Shenwo China 4.8 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Sleepy Hollow, Nebraska USA 2.9 Oil and gas extraction Rothe and Lui (1983)
Snipe Lake Canada 5.1 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Soultz France 2.9 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Observations of Induced Seismicity." National Research Council. 2013. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13355.
×
Site/City/State Country Max Magnitude Technology Type (causing induced seismicity) Reference
South-central Texas USA 4.3 Oil and gas extraction Davis et al. (1995)
Southern Alabama USA 4.9 Secondary recovery Gomberg and Wolf (1999)
Sriramsagar India 3.2 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Starogroznenskoe Oilfield Russia 4.7 Oil and gas extraction Kouznetsov et al. (1994)
Strachan, Alberta Canada 3.4 Oil and gas extraction Grasso (1992)
Southwest of Elsenbach Germany 5.8 Other Giardini (2011)
Tomahawk Field, New Mexico USA Unknown11 Wastewater injection Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Torre Alfina Italy 3 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
Unterhaching Germany 2.4 Geothermal Evans et al. (2012)
Upper Silesian Poland 4.45 Other Giardini (2011)
Vajont Italy 3 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Valhall and Ekofisk Oilfields Norway Unknown12 Secondary recovery Zoback and Zinke (2002)
Varragamba Australia 5.4 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
Vogtland Germany Wastewater injection Baisch et al. (2002)
Vouglans France 4.4 Surface water reservoir Guha (2000)
War Wink Field, Texas USA 2.9 Oil and gas extraction Doser et al. (1992)
Ward-Estes Field, Texas USA 3.5 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
Ward-South Field, Texas USA 3 Secondary recovery Nicholson and Wesson (1992)
West Texas USA 3.1 Oil and gas extraction Keller et al. (1987)
Whittier Narrows, California USA 5.9 Oil and gas extraction McGarr (1991)
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Observations of Induced Seismicity." National Research Council. 2013. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13355.
×
Site/City/State Country Max Magnitude Technology Type (causing induced seismicity) Reference
Wilmington Field, California USA 3.3 Oil and gas extraction Kovach (1974)

NOTE: “Other” refers to, e.g., coal and solution mining.

1 Nicholson and Wesson (1990, 1992) were not able to confirm that the cause of the earthquake was oil and gas extraction; waterflooding and waste disposal were also active in the area at the time.

2 Nicholson and Wesson (1990, 1992) were not able to confirm the accuracy of the maximum magnitude of this event, which occurred at the turn of the 20th century (1898-1907).

3 For the Denver earthquakes of 1967-1968, Healy et al. (1968) reported magnitudes up to M 5.3 on an unspecified scale that were derived from local instruments.

4 Nicholson and Wesson (1992) were not able to confirm conclusively that the earthquake was caused by oil and gas extraction.

5 Nicholson and Wesson (1992) were not able to confirm conclusively that the earthquake was caused by oil extraction or the magnitudes of the events that occurred in the 1920s. Note that this location is not plotted in the figures (maps) in Chapter 1.

6 Guha (2000) describes the earthquake using Modified Mercalli Intensity (V), but does not indicate moment magnitude.

7 Nicholson and Wesson (1990, 1992) were not able to confirm conclusively that the event(s) were due to waterflooding for secondary recovery.

8 Nicholson and Wesson (1990) were not able to confirm conclusively that the event(s) were due to oil and gas extraction activities.

9 Nicholson and Wesson (1990) were not able to confirm the maximum magnitude of the events at this site.

10 Nicholson and Wesson (1990, 1992) were not able to confirm conclusively that the event(s) were due to oil extraction.

11 Nicholson and Wesson (1992) were not able to confirm the maximum magnitude of the events at this site.

12 Zoback and Zinke (2002) did not provide a maximum magnitude, although the events recorded and analyzed are described as “microseismic” events.

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Observations of Induced Seismicity." National Research Council. 2013. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13355.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Observations of Induced Seismicity." National Research Council. 2013. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13355.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Observations of Induced Seismicity." National Research Council. 2013. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13355.
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In the past several years, some energy technologies that inject or extract fluid from the Earth, such as oil and gas development and geothermal energy development, have been found or suspected to cause seismic events, drawing heightened public attention.

Although only a very small fraction of injection and extraction activities among the hundreds of thousands of energy development sites in the United States have induced seismicity at levels noticeable to the public, understanding the potential for inducing felt seismic events and for limiting their occurrence and impacts is desirable for state and federal agencies, industry, and the public at large. To better understand, limit, and respond to induced seismic events, work is needed to build robust prediction models, to assess potential hazards, and to help relevant agencies coordinate to address them.

Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies identifies gaps in knowledge and research needed to advance the understanding of induced seismicity; identify gaps in induced seismic hazard assessment methodologies and the research to close those gaps; and assess options for steps toward best practices with regard to energy development and induced seismicity potential.

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