CHILD MALTREATMENT
RESEARCH, POLICY, AND PRACTICE
FOR THE NEXT DECADE
WORKSHOP SUMMARY
Steve Olson and Clare Stroud, Rapporteurs
Board on Children, Youth, and Families
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
This study was supported by Contract No. HHSP23320110010YC between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The views presented in this publication do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-25442-7
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-25442-6
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Copyright 2011 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine) and NRC (National Research Council). 2012. Child maltreatment research, policy, and practice for the next decade: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON CHILD MALTREATMENT RESEARCH, POLICY, AND PRACTICE FOR THE NEXT GENERATION1
ANNE C. PETERSEN (Chair), Research Professor at Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, and Founder and President of Global Philanthropy Alliance
RICHARD P. BARTH, Dean, School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore
LUCY BERLINER, Director of Harborview Center for Sexual Assault and Traumatic Stress, Clinical Professor at School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
LINDA M. BURTON, James B. Duke Professor of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
MARK J. CHAFFIN, Professor of Pediatrics, Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
MARY DOZIER, Amy E. du Pont Chair of Child Development, Professor of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark
PHILIP A. FISHER, Professor of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene
JOHN M. LEVENTHAL, Professor of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
JOY D. OSOFSKY, Barbara Lemann Professor of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
Project Staff
MELISSA WELCH-ROSS, Project Director (through January 2012)
CLARE STROUD, Project Director (from February 2012)
ROSEMARY CHALK, Consultant
YEONWOO LEBOVITZ, Research Associate
CHRISTINA FEDAK, Senior Program Assistant
______________________
1Institute of Medicine and National Research Council planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
Reviewers
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Lucy Berliner, University of Washington
Mark Chaffin, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center
Rob Geen, The Annie E. Casey Foundation
Sarah (Sally) M. Horwitz, Stanford University
Frank Putnam, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
David Sanders, Casey Family Programs
Charles H. Zeanah, Jr., Tulane University
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Elena O. Nightingale, Institute of Medicine. Appointed by the Institute of Medicine, she was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the institution.
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Contents
Research, Policy, and Practice for the Next Decade
2 REFLECTIONS ON THE 1993 NRC REPORT UNDERSTANDING CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT
Nature and Scope of Child Maltreatment
Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect
Consequences of Child Maltreatment
Science Policy for Child Maltreatment Research
3 RECOGNIZING AND ASSESSING CHILD MALTREATMENT
Medical and Psychosocial Assessment and Diagnosis of Child Abuse and Neglect
Assessment for Mental Health Services Planning
4 SOCIAL TRENDS AND CHILD MALTREATMENT TRENDS
Social Trends and Their Implications for Understanding Rates of Child Maltreatment
Child Maltreatment Reporting Practices and Patterns
5 CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD MALTREATMENT
Influence of Neighborhood on Child Maltreatment Behaviors and Reports
Neurobiology of Trauma and Stress Associated with Adverse Early Experience
6 PREVENTING CHILD MALTREATMENT
Universal Preventive Interventions
Secondary Preventive Interventions with High-Risk Populations
Prevention of Recurrences and Adverse Outcomes
7 DESIGN AND DELIVERY OF SERVICES
Families Dealing with Multiple Problems
Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice
A Cross-National View of Child Protective Systems
Alternative Child Welfare Services Approaches
Role of Class-Action Suits in Building Evidence-Based Child Welfare Systems
Leadership and Management in Child Welfare Agencies
9 CLOSING REMARKS AND RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES
Future Research and Other Opportunities Suggested by Individual Participants
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ACF | Administration for Children and Families | |
ACYF | Administration on Children, Youth and Families | |
ADHD | attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | |
AFCARS | Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System | |
ARC | Availability, Responsiveness, and Continuity |
|
CAC | Child Advocacy Center | |
CAPTA | Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act | |
CEBC | California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare |
|
CFSR | Child and Family Service Review | |
CPS | Child Protective Services |
|
DBT | dialectical behavioral therapy | |
DJJ | Department of Juvenile Justice | |
DSS | Department of Social Services |
|
GAL | guardian ad litem |
|
HHS | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services | |
HPA | hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal |
|
ICD | International Classification of Diseases | |
IEP | individualized education program | |
IH-CBT | In-Home Cognitive Behavioral Therapy | |
IOM | Institute of Medicine | |
IRB | institutional review board |
MDT | multidisciplinary team | |
MST | multisystemic therapy | |
MTFC-P | Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Preschoolers |
|
NCANDS | National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System | |
NCS | National Children’s Study | |
NIH | National Institutes of Health | |
NIS | National Incidence Studies | |
NPM | New Public Management | |
NRC | National Research Council | |
NSCAW | National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being |
|
PTS | posttraumatic stress | |
PTSD | posttraumatic stress disorder |
|
QSR | quality service review |
|
SACWIS | Statewide Automated Child Welfare Information System |
|
UNICEF | United Nations Children’s Fund |