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Tom Arrison and Steve Olson, Rapporteurs Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy

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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Govern- ing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the Councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineer- ing, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropri- ate balance. This project was supported by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, the Morgridge Institute for Research, and the National Research Council. Any opin- ions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-25604-9 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-25604-6 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-331; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2012 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America

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The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Acad- emy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding en- gineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineer- ing programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is presi- dent of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Insti- tute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sci- ences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Coun- cil is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org

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PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR THE WORKSHOP ON RISING ABOVE THE GATHERING STORM: DEVELOPING REGIONAL INNOVATION ENVIRONMENTS Judith Kimble (Chair), Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison Bruce Alberts, Editor-in-Chief, Science and Professor Emeritus, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco Ruth A. David, President and Chief Executive Officer, Analytical Services, Inc. C. D. (Dan) Mote, Jr., Regents Professor and Glenn L. Martin Institute Professor of Engineering, University of Maryland William J. Spencer, Chairman Emeritus, SEMATECH Principal Project Staff Kevin Finneran, Director, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy Tom Arrison, Rapporteur and Senior Staff Officer, Policy and Global Affairs Division Neeraj Gorkhaly, Research Associate, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy Steve Olson, Rapporteur and Consultant-Writer v

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COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND PUBLIC POLICY Richard N. Zare (Chair), Marguerite Blake Wilbur Professor in Natural Science, Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Linda M. Abriola, Dean of the School of Engineering, Tufts University Claude R. Canizares, Vice President for Research and Associate Provost and Bruno Rossi Professor of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Moses H.W. Chan, Evan Pugh Professor of Physics, Pennsylvania State University Ralph J. Cicerone (ex-officio), President, National Academy of Sciences Paul Citron, Vice President (Retired), Technology Policy and Academic Relations, Medtronic, Inc. Ruth A. David, President and Chief Executive Officer, ANSER (Analytic Services, Inc.) Harvey V. Fineberg (ex-officio), President, Institute of Medicine Judith Kimble, Investigator, HHMI; Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison C. D. (Dan) Mote, Jr. (ex-officio), Regents Professor and Glenn L. Martin Institute Professor of Engineering, University of Maryland Percy A. Pierre, Vice President and Professor Emeritus, Michigan State University E. Albert Reece, Vice President for Medical Affairs, Bowers Distinguished Professor, and Dean of the School of Medicine, University of Maryland Susan C. Scrimshaw, President, The Sage Colleges William J. Spencer, Chairman Emeritus, SEMATECH Michael S. Turner, Rauner Distinguished Service Professor, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, The University of Chicago Charles M. Vest (ex-officio), President, National Academy of Engineering Nancy S. Wexler, Higgins Professor of Neuropsychology, Columbia University Staff Kevin Finneran, Director Neeraj P. Gorkhaly, Research Associate Marion Ramsey, Administrative Associate vii

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Reviewer Acknowledgment T his report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Academies’ Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for quality and objectivity. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Jeffrey Alexander, SRI International; David Attis, Education Advi- sory Board; James Dahlberg, University of Wisconsin; Charles Hasemann, Michigan State University; and Gail McClure, Arkansas Science & Technol- ogy Authority. Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the report, nor did they see the final draft before its release. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the institution. ix

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Contents 1 Overview 1 2 Revitalizing K-12 Science and Mathematics Education 7 3 Strengthening Undergraduate Education in Science and Engineering 15 4 Building Effective Partnerships 23 5 Fostering Regional Technology Development and Entrepreneurship 31 6 Final Observations 43 Appendixes A Workshop Agenda 47 B Biographical Sketches of Agenda Speakers and Planning Committee Members 51 C Workshop Participant Roster 57 xi

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