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Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine (2013)

Chapter: Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
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Appendix C

Supporting Material for
Chapter 4

The following disclaimer is for Figures C-1, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-12a, C-12b, C13a, C-13b, and C-14a.

Copyright © and (P) 1988-2006 Microsoft Corporation and/or its suppliers. All rights reserved. http://www.microsoft.com/mappoint/. Portions © 1990–2005 InstallShield Software Corporation. All rights reserved. Certain mapping and direction data © 2005 NAVTEQ. All rights reserved. The Data for areas of Canada includes information taken with permission from Canadian authorities, including: © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, © Queen's Printer for Ontario. NAVTEQ and NAVTEQ ON BOARD are trademarks of NAVTEQ. © 2005 Tele Atlas North America, Inc. All rights reserved. Tele Atlas and Tele Atlas North America are trademarks of Tele Atlas, Inc.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
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FIGURE C-1 Food-animal concentrations in counties that have no veterinarians. SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association (2006b).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

FIGURE C-2 Changes in population growth between 1990 and 2000 for the 3,141 counties and equivalent areas in the United States.1 SOURCE: National Atlas of the United States. 2011. Adapted from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Change and Distribution: 1990 to 2000. M.J. Perry and P.J. Mackun (with J.D. Baker, C.D. Joyce, L.R. Lollock, and L.S. Pearson) in Census 2000 Brief Series. 2001.

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1 A band of counties that lost population—in some cases declining more than 10 percent—stretches across the Great Plains States from the Mexican border to the Canadian border.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
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FIGURE C-3 Distribution of the 1,011 food-animal-exclusive veterinarians in the United States, 2007.2 SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association (2008).

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2 Distribution is not uniform but is concentrated in areas of the country with high animal densities, particularly in traditional dairy states. Some 46% are in six leading dairy states: California, Wisconsin, New York, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Idaho. That suggests that FAexclusive veterinarians are mainly dairy practitioners. Populations of FA-exclusive veterinarians in Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, and North Carolina correspond to concentrations of swine industry, those in Georgia and neighboring states to broiler industry. Because of low animal densities, there are very few FA-exclusive veterinarians in North Dakota, Montana, and Wyoming.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

FIGURE C-4 Distribution of the 4,200 mixed-food-animal veterinarians in the United States, 2007.3 SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association (2008).

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3 Distribution closely parallels that of US population.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

FIGURE C-5 Distribution of the 3,861 food-animal-predominant veterinarians in the United States, 2007.4 SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association (2008).

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4 FA-predominant veterinarians are most numerous in the grain states of Midwest. Largest numbers are in Iowa and Minnesota.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

FIGURE C-8 The changing pork industry in Iowa, 1987 and 2002. SOURCE: Honeyman and Duffy, 2006. Reprinted with permission of M. Honeyman, Iowa State University.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

TABLE C-1 Food-Animal Workforce, 2001-2007, by State

State Food-animal exclusive and food-animal-predominant veterinarians Mixed-food-animal veterinarians
Year Year
2001 2007 Change % change 2001 2007 Change % change
AL 42 27 -15 -36 70 67 -3 -4
AR 46 44 -2 -4 82 87 5 6
AZ 58 51 -7 -12 35 38 3 8
CA 304 261 -43 -14 151 195 44 29
CO 176 155 -21 -12 100 115 15 15
CT 22 18 -4 -18 18 28 10 55
DE 2 6 4 200 4 4 0 0
FL 99 85 -14 -14 101 114 13 13
GA 73 69 -4 -5 99 100 1 1
IA 439 382 -57 -13 118 132 14 12
ID 110 110 0 0 62 64 2 3
IL 175 133 -42 -24 123 158 35 28
IN 136 102 -34 -25 96 104 8 8
KS 193 162 -31 -16 153 172 19 12
KY 106 93 -13 -12 111 114 3 2
LA 42 35 -7 -16 64 69 5 8
MA 30 24 -6 -20 30 33 3 10
MD 54 42 -12 -22 40 55 15 37
ME 18 17 -1 -5 27 29 2 7
MI 137 122 -15 -11 104 97 -7 -6
MN 350 320 -30 -8 84 109 25 30
MO 217 174 -43 -20 168 178 10 6
MS 35 35 0 0 72 76 4 5
MT 113 97 -16 -14 55 69 14 25
NC ND 92 71 90 72 -2 1 -2 1 71 21 79 27 8 6 11 28
NE 259 225 -34 -13 64 75 11 17
NH 14 12 -2 -14 32 34 2 6
NJ 25 16 -9 -35 14 24 10 71
NM 45 36 -9 -20 53 55 2 4
NV 20 23 3 15 21 19 -2 -9
NY 203 179 -24 -11 118 128 10 8
OH 170 148 -22 -7 141 170 29 21
OK 161 134 -27 -16 147 154 7 4
OR 85 70 -15 -17 92 120 28 30
PA 204 208 4 2 114 141 27 24
RI 2 1 1 -50 1 3 2 200
SC 20 23 3 15 41 35 -6 15
SD 145 144 -1 0 29 34 5 17
TN 73 66 -7 -9 117 117 0 0
TX 340 289 -51 -15 444 452 8 2
UT 40 40 0 0 25 45 20 80
VA 82 78 -4- -5 69 73 4 6
VT 41 40 -1 -2 25 48 23 92
WA 108 94 -14 -12 106 103 -3 -2
WI 496 460 -36 -7 89 110 21 23
WV 20 19 -1 -2 20 23 3 15
WY 54 43 -11 -20 57 63 6 10
Total 5747 5074 671 -12 3878 4339 460 11

SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

TABLE C-2a Food-Animal-Exclusive Veterinarians: Mean Ages and Percentage Over Age 50, by State

State Total Mean Age Count over 50 Percentage over 50
LA 1 31.00 0 0
MA 1 0 0
NJ 1 47.00 0 0
VI 1 47.00 0 0
WV 2 28.00 0 0
AL 4 40.75 1 25.0
CT 4 43.00 1 25.0
MN 74 43.97 22 29.7
ID 36 44.89 11 31.4
GA 12 46.83 4. 33.3
KY 12 44.75 4 33.3
NC 21 50.67 7 33.3
SC 3 49.00 1 33.3
AZ 17 45.41 6 35.3
NE 22 46.36 8 36.4
MD 16 46.81 6 37.5
MI 29 45.03 11 37.9
CA 89 46.13 34 38.2
CO 33 47.82 13 39.4
PA 74 44.95 30 40.5
NM 11 45.82 5 45.5
WI 159 47.66 74 47.1
IA 53 46.47 25 47.2
IL 26 46.19 13 50.0
ND 4 45.75 2 50.0
SD 12 46.92 6 50.0
TN 6 48.93 3 50.0
WY 3 47.00 1 50.0
OH 15 47.00 8 53.3
OK 13 50.38 7 53.8
KS 25 49.60 14 56.0
WA 25 50.12 14 56.0
TX 48 49.67 27 56.3
NY 49 48.90 28 58.3
OR 12 51.67 7 58.3
VT 17 50.82 10 58.8
FL 10 48.60 6 60.0
MS 5 43.80 3 60.0
IN 40 49.18 24 61.5
VA 19 52.74 12 63.2
ME 3 45.00 2 66.7
NH 3 53.33 2 66.7
MO 13 52.38 10 76.9
AR 5 55.40 4 80.0
UT 5 52.60 4 80.0
MT 7 56.86 6 85.7
PR 3 58.67 3 100
Total 1048 47.41 484 46.5

SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

TABLE C-2b Food-Animal-Exclusive Veterinarians: Mean Ages and Percentage Over Age 60, by State

State Total Mean Age Count over 60 Percentage over 60
AL 4 40.75 0
CT 4 43.00 0
LA 1 31.00 0
MA 1 0
ME 3 45.00 0
MS 5 43.80 0
ND 4 45.75 0
NE 22 46.36 0
NH 3 53.33 0
NJ 1 47.00 0
TN 6 48.83 0
UT 5 52.60 0
VI 1 47.00 0
WV 1 28.00 0
WY 3 47.00 0
MD 16 46.81 1 6.3
OH 15 47.00 1 6.7
IL 26 46.19 2 7.7
KS 25 49.60 2 8.0
MN 74 43.97 6 8.1
KY 12 44.75 1 8.3
SD 12 45.92 1 8.3
NM 11 45.82 1 9.1
MI 29 45.03 3 10.3
WI 159 47.66 18 11.5
WA 25 50.12 3 12.0
CO 33 47.82 4 12.1
PA 74 44.95 9 12.2
ID 36 44.89 5 14.3
IN 40 49.18 6 15.4
GA 12 46.83 2 16.7
NY 49 48.90 8 16.7
CA 89 46.13 15 16.9
IA 53 46.47 9 17.0
FL 10 48.60 2 20.0
TX 48 49.67 11 22.9
MO 13 52.38 3 23.1
OK 13 50.38 3 23.1
AZ 17 45.41 4 23.5
NC 21 50.67 5 23.8
OR 12 51.67 3 25.0
VA 19 52.74 5 26.3
VT 17 50.82 5 29.4
PR 3 58.67 1 33.3
SC 3 49.00 1 33.3
AR 5 55.40 2 40.0
MT 7 56.86 3 42.9
NV 6 53.17 3 50.0
Total 1048 47.41 148 14.2

SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

TABLE C-3a Food-Animal-Predominant Veterinarians Over Age 50, by State

State Total Mean Age Count over 50 Percentage over 50
RI 1 49.00 0
VI 1 43.00 0
PR 11 46.00 2 18.2
CT 14 45.21 3 21.4
NH 9 46.00 3 33.3
NV 17 47.41 6 35.3
WV 18 46.78 7 38.9
NM 25 51.24 10 40.0
TN 60 49.70 26 43.3
NC 69 47.35 31 44.9
SC 20 51.25 9 45.0
VA 59 48.64 27 45.8
NJ 15 49.67 7 46.7
LA 34 48.44 16 47.1
KY 81 49.35 39 48.1
PA 134 48.37 64 48.9
AL 23 49.55 11 50.0
AZ 34 49.29 17 50.0
MD 26 48.81 13 50.0
ND 68 48.43 34 50.0
FL 75 49.76 38 50.7
AR 39 49.41 20 51.3
MI 93 49.29 48 51.6
OH 133 49.58 69 52.3
IN 62 49.87 32 52.5
SD 132 49.73 70 53.4
KS 137 50.44 73 53.7
NY 130 49.43 70 53.8
UT 35 49.91 19 54.3
GA 57 50.61 31 54.4
NE 203 49.77 112 55.7
WI 301 50.07 169 56.1
OK 122 51.51 69 56.6
ME 14 48.64 8 57.1
MS 30 51.00 17 58.6
CO 122 51.99 73 59.8
CA 172 50.80 104 60.8
VT 23 50.35 14 60.9
MO 161 51.98 100 62.1
MT 90 51.24 56 62.9
MN 246 51.81 155 63.0
IA 329 52.27 209 63.5
WA 69 51.12 44 64.7
TX 241 52.08 156 64.7
ID 74 52.01 48 64.9
IL 107 52.28 69 65.1
DE 3 44.33 2 66.7
OR 58 52.50 39 67.2
MA 23 51.78 16 69.6
WY 40 54.58 31 77.5
AK 1 51.00 1 100.0
HI 1 67.00 1 100.0
Total 4042 50.58 2289 56.8

SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

TABLE C-3b Food-Animal-Predominant Veterinarians Over Age 60, by State

State Total Mean Age Count over 60 Percentage over 60
AK 1 51.00 0
DE 3 44.33 0
NH 9 46.00 0
RI 1 49.00 0
VI 1 43.00 0
PR 11 46.00 1 9.1
WV 18 46.78 2 11.1
VT 23 50.35 3 13.0
CT 14 45.21 2 14.3
NC 69 47.35 10 14.5
LA 34 48.44 5 14.7
WA 69 51.12 10 14.7
VA 59 48.64 9 15.3
WI 301 50.07 48 15.9
MI 93 49.29 15 16.1
ND 68 48.43 11 16.2
NE 203 49.77 34 16.9
NV 17 47.41 3 17.6
AR 39 49.41 7 17.9
IN 62 49.97 11 18.0
AL 23 49.55 4 18.2
NY 130 49.43 24 18.5
MD 26 48.81 5 19.2
CA 172 50.80 33 19.3
OH 133 49.58 26 19.7
KS 137 50.44 27 19.9
FL 75 49.76 15 20.0
NJ 15 49.67 3 20.0
SC 20 51.25 4 20.0
UT 35 49.91 7 20.0
PA 134 48.37 27 20.3
AZ 34 49.29 7 20.6
OR 58 52.50 12 20.7
KY 81 49.35 17 21.0
GA 57 50.61 12 21.1
ME 14 48.64 3 21.4
IL 107 52.28 23 21.7
MA 23 51.78 5 21.7
TN 60 49.70 14 23.3
MT 90 51.24 21 23.6
MO 161 51.98 38 23.6
IA 329 52.27 79 24.0
MS 30 51.00 7 24.1
CO 122 51.99 30 24.6
SD 132 49.73 33 25.2
MN 246 51.81 63 25.6
TX 241 52.08 65 27.0
OK 122 51.51 33 27.0
ID 74 52.01 22 29.7
NM 25 51.24 8 32.0
WY 40 54.58 16 40.0
HI 1 67.00 1 100.00
Total 4042 50.58 855 21.2

SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

TABLE C-4a Mixed-Food-Animal Veterinarians Over Age 50, by State

State Total Mean Age Count over 50 Percentage over 50
MD 55 43 14 25.9
ND 27 42 7 25.9
SD 34 42 9 26.5
NC 79 44 23 29.1
WV 23 43 7 30.4
LA 69 44 22 32.4
HI 9 47 3 33.3
PA 141 46 46 33.3
RI 3 44 1 33.3
NH 34 45 12 35.3
KY 114 45 40 35.4
IL 158 46 57 36.1
UT 34 45 13 38.2
OH 170 46 66 38.8
CT 28 47 11 39.3
AK 15 46 6 40.0
GA 100 48 40 40.0
NY 128 47 52 40.9
VA 73 47 30 41.1
MN 109 47 45 41.3
OR 120 47 50 41.7
AR 87 47 37 43.0
ID 64 47 28 43.8
FL 114 48 50 44.2
NE 75 48 32 44.4
AZ 38 47 17 44.7
TN 117 46 52 44.8
CO 115 47 52 45.2
KS 172 47 78 45.9
MO 178 49 82 46.6
MS 76 48 35 46.7
OK 154 48 73 47.4
MT 69 48 33 47.8
IA 132 49 63 48.1
NM 55 49 26 48.1
ME 29 49 14 48.3
SC 35 47 17 48.6
DE 4 49 2 50.0
NJ 24 48 12 50.0
VT 22 48 11 50.05
TX 452 48 227 50.2
AL 67 48 227 50.7
IN 104 49 52 51.0
CA 195 50 100 51.5
WI 110 47 56 51.9
NV 19 47 10 52.6
WA 103 49 54 52.9
MA 33 47 17 53.1
MI 97 49 52 53.6
WY 63 49 34 54.0
Total 4345 47 1908 44.2

SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

TABLE C-4b Mixed-Food-Animal Veterinarians Over Age 60, by State

State Total Mean Age Count over 60 Percentage over 60
DE 4 49 0
WV 23 43 1 4.3
WI 110 47 5 4.6
MD 55 43 3 5.6
SD 35 42 2 5.9
KY 114 45 8 7.1
ND 27 42 2 7.4
SC 35 47 3 8.6
TN 117 46 10 8.6
UT 34 45 3 8.8
VT 22 48 2 9.1
ID 64 47 6 9.4
MA 33 47 3 9.4
VA 73 47 7 9.6
FL 114 48 11 9.7
CO 115 47 12 10.4
OR 120 47 13 10.8
HI 9 47 1 11.1
WY 63 49 7 11.1
OH 170 46 19 11.2
NC 79 44 9 11.4
NH 34 45 4 11.8
PA 141 46 18 13.0
MT 69 48 9 13.0
LA 69 44 9 13.2
IL 158 46 21 13.3
AK 15 46 2 13.3
AL 67 48 9 13.4
KS 172 47 23 13.5
WA 103 49 14 13.7
ME 29 49 4 13.8
AR 87 47 12 14.0
CT 28 47 4 14.3
MN 109 47 16 14.7
NM 55 49 8 14.8
OK 154 48 23 14.9
NY 128 47 20 15.7
NV 19 47 3 15.8
NJ 24 48 4 16.7
TX 452 48 76 16.8
GA 100 48 17 17.0
MI 97 49 17 17.5
AZ 38 47 7 18.4
MS 76 48 14 18.7
NE 75 48 14 19.4
MO 178 49 35 19.9
CA 195 50 39 20.1
IA 132 49 28 21.4
IN 104 49 23 22.5
RI 3 44 1 33.3
Total 4345 47 1908 44.2

SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

FIGURE C-12a Distribution of food-animal-exclusive veterinarians over age 50.5 SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association (2008).

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5 States vary widely in food-animal-veterinary populations; in 24 of 48 coterminous states, over 50% of food-animal-exclusive veterinarians are over 50 years old.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

FIGURE C-12b Distribution of food-animal-exclusive veterinarians over the age 60.6 SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association (2008).

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6 In 13 states, over 17% of food-animal-exclusive veterinarians are over 60 years old.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

FIGURE C-13a Distribution of food-animal-predominant veterinarians over 50.7 SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association (2008).

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7 There is considerable uniformity in age across the United States. In 36 states, more than 50% of food-animal-predominant veterinarians are over 50 years old.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

FIGURE C-13b. Distribution of food-animal-predominant veterinarians over age 60.8 SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association (2008).

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8 In 36 states, 17% are over 60 years old.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

FIGURE C-14a Distribution of mixed-food-animal veterinarians over the age 50.9 SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association (2008).

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9 In contrast with food-animal-predominant veterinarians, only 12 states have more than 50% of mixed-food-animal veterinarians over the age of 50 years.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

FIGURE C-14b Distribution of mixed-food-animal veterinarians over age 60.10 SOURCE: American Veterinary Medical Association (2008).

_________________________

10 Nine states have more than 17% of mixed-food-animal veterinarians over the age of 60 years.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
×

REFERENCES

AVMA. 2008. Food Supply Veterinary Medicine. Available online at http://www.avma.org/fsvm/maps/default.asp#us_animal_vet.

Honeyman M., and M. Duffy. 2006. Iowa’s Changing Swine Industry. AS Leaflet R 2158 in Iowa State University Animal Industry Report 2006. Ames: Iowa State University Department of Animal Science.

National Atlas of the United States. 2011. Population Change and Distribution: 1990 to 2000. Available online at http://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/people/a_popchange.html#five.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Supporting Material for Chapter 4." National Research Council. 2013. Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13413.
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The U.S. veterinary medical profession contributes to society in diverse ways, from developing drugs and protecting the food supply to treating companion animals and investigating animal diseases in the wild. In a study of the issues related to the veterinary medical workforce, including demographics, workforce supply, trends affecting job availability, and capacity of the educational system to fill future demands, a National Research Council committee found that the profession faces important challenges in maintaining the economic sustainability of veterinary practice and education, building its scholarly foundations, and evolving veterinary service to meet changing societal needs.

Many concerns about the profession came into focus following the outbreak of West Nile fever in 1999, and the subsequent outbreaks of SARS, monkeypox, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, highly pathogenic avian influenza, H1N1 influenza, and a variety of food safety and environmental issues heightened public concerns. They also raised further questions about the directions of veterinary medicine and the capacity of public health service the profession provides both in the United States and abroad.

To address some of the problems facing the veterinary profession, greater public and private support for education and research in veterinary medicine is needed. The public, policymakers, and even medical professionals are frequently unaware of how veterinary medicine fundamentally supports both animal and human health and well-being. This report seeks to broaden the public's understanding and attempts to anticipate some of the needs and measures that are essential for the profession to fulfill given its changing roles in the 21st century.

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