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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2012. Tracking Radiation Exposure from Medical Diagnostic Procedures: Workshop Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13416.
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TRACKING RADIATION
EXPOSURE FROM
MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC
PROCEDURES

 

WORKSHOP REPORT

 

Committee on Tracking Radiation Doses from
Medical Diagnostic Procedures

Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board

Division on Earth and Life Studies

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
                       Of THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2012. Tracking Radiation Exposure from Medical Diagnostic Procedures: Workshop Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13416.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by the following government agencies:

Contract No. 200-2005-13434, TO 26 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Contract No. HHSF2232008100201, TO 19/HHSF22301017T Food and Drug Administration
Contract No. IOMHP060002-01-00 Department of Health and Human Services

Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agencies that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-25766-4
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-25766-2

Cover: Image titled “Drop in the Bucket,” courtesy of Dr. Aaron Sodickson (Brigham and Women’s Hospital). Drops signify the exposure of patients who undergo medical imaging exams that utilize ionizing radiation; exposure may vary by amount and frequency. The workshop explores how tracking radiation exposure from medical diagnostic procedures can improve health care.

Additional copies of this report are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu/.

Copyright 2012 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2012. Tracking Radiation Exposure from Medical Diagnostic Procedures: Workshop Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13416.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2012. Tracking Radiation Exposure from Medical Diagnostic Procedures: Workshop Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13416.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2012. Tracking Radiation Exposure from Medical Diagnostic Procedures: Workshop Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13416.
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COMMITTEE ON TRACKING RADIATION DOSES
FROM MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES

BARBARA J. MCNEIL (Chair), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

HEDVIG HRICAK (Vice Chair), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York

AMY BERRINGTON DE GONZÁLEZ, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD

WALTER HUDA, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston

FRED A. METTLER, JR., New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque

RICHARD L. MORIN, Mayo Clinic, Florida, Jacksonville

Staff

OURANIA KOSTI, Study Director, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board

TONI GREENLEAF, Administrative and Financial Associate

SHAUNTEÉ WHETSTONE, Senior Program Assistant

JAMES YATES, JR., Office Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2012. Tracking Radiation Exposure from Medical Diagnostic Procedures: Workshop Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13416.
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NUCLEAR AND RADIATION STUDIES BOARD

 

JAY DAVIS (Chair), Hertz Foundation, Livermore, California

BARBARA J. MCNEIL (Vice Chair), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

JOONHONG AHN, University of California, Berkeley

JOHN S. APPLEGATE, Indiana University, Bloomington

MICHAEL L. CORRADINI, University of Wisconsin, Madison

PATRICIA J. CULLIGAN, Columbia University, New York

ROBERT C. DYNES, University of California, San Diego

JOE GRAY, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland

DAVID G. HOEL, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston

HEDVIG HRICAK, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York

THOMAS H. ISAACS, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California

ANNIE B. KERSTING, Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California

MARTHA S. LINET, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

FRED A. METTLER, JR., New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque

BORIS F. MYASOEDOV, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

RICHARD J. VETTER, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

RAYMOND G. WYMER, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (retired)

Staff

KEVIN D. CROWLEY, Senior Board Director

JENNIFER A. HEIMBERG, Senior Program Officer

OURANIA KOSTI, Program Officer

TONI GREENLEAF, Administrative and Financial Associate

LAURA D. LLANOS, Administrative and Financial Associate

SHAUNTEÉ WHETSTONE, Senior Program Assistant

ERIN WINGO, Senior Program Assistant

JAMES YATES, JR., Office Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2012. Tracking Radiation Exposure from Medical Diagnostic Procedures: Workshop Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13416.
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Reviewers

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the Report Review Committee of the National Research Council. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Research Council in making its published report as sound as possible and will ensure that this report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report:

•   David Brenner, Columbia University

•   James Brink, Yale University

•   Cynthia McCollough, Mayo Clinic

•   Orhan Suleiman, U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the contents of this report, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Theodore Phillips, Professor Emeritus, University of California, San Francisco. Appointed by the National Research Council, Dr. Phillips was responsible for making certain that an

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independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were considered carefully. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authorizing committee and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2012. Tracking Radiation Exposure from Medical Diagnostic Procedures: Workshop Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13416.
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The growing use of medical diagnostic procedures is correlated with tremendous and undeniable benefits in the care of most patients. However, it is accompanied by growing concerns about the risks associated with diagnostic computed tomography and other procedures that utilize ionizing radiation. A number of initiatives in radiation safety in medicine have taken place in the United States and internationally, each serving different purposes. Their ultimate goals are to provide higher quality clinical management of the patient and to ensure that reasonable steps are taken to keep the exposures as low as possible without compromising diagnostic efficacy.

Tracking Radiation Exposure from Medical Diagnostic Procedures: Workshop Reports provides a summary of the presentations and discussions that took place during the December 8-9, 2011, workshop titled "Tracking Radiation Exposure from Medical Diagnostic Procedures." This workshop was organized by the Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board of the National Academy of Sciences and sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. This workshop report was authored by a six-member committee of experts appointed by the National Academy of Sciences. This committee brought together public health regulators, physicians, manufacturers, researchers, and patients to explore "why," "what," and "how" to track exposure from medical diagnostic procedures and possible next steps.

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