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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2012. Remediation of Buried Chemical Warfare Materiel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13419.
×

References

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EPA. 1998. Management of Remediation Waste Under RCRA. EPA 530F-98-026. October 14. Available at http://www.epa.gov/superfund/policy/remedy/pdfs/530f-98026-s.pdf. Accessed March 21, 2012.

EPA. 1999. Guide to Environmental Enforcement and Compliance at Federal Facilities at II-31. February. Available at http://www.epa.gov/oecaerth/resources/publications/civil/federal/yellowbk.pdf. Accessed February 16, 2012.

EPA. 2001. Stakeholder Involvement & Public Participation at the U.S. EPA. Lessons Learned, Barriers, & Innovative Approaches. January. Available at http://www.epa.gov/publicinvolvement/pdf/sipp.pdf. Accessed March 20, 2012.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2012. Remediation of Buried Chemical Warfare Materiel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13419.
×

EPA. 2002a. Amendments to the Corrective Action Management Unit Rule; Final Rule. 40 CFR Parts 260, 264, and 27. January 22. Available at http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2002-01-22/html/02-4.htm. Accessed April 11, 2012.

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EPA. 2010a. Hazardous Waste Facility Permit. September 30. Alabama Department of Environmental Protection. Available at www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/permit/tsd-regs/sub-x/redstone-final.pdf. Accessed February 22, 2012.

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EPA. 2010c. Superfund Remedy Report (SRR) Thirteenth Edition. EPA-542-R-10-004. September. Available at www.clu-in.org/asr. Accessed February 16, 2012.

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EPA. 2011c. RCRA Orientation Manual Chapter VI at VI-16. Available at http://www.epa.gov/osw/inforesources/pubs/orientat/rom6.pdf. Accessed February 16, 2012.

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NRC. 2002. Systems and Technologies for the Treatment of Non-Stockpile Chemical Warfare Material. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.

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NRC. 2005b. Monitoring at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.

NRC. 2006. Review of International Technologies for Destruction of Recovered Chemical Warfare Materiel. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.

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NRC. 2009a. Assessment of Explosive Destruction Technologies for Specific Munitions at the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.

NRC. 2009b. Disposal of Legacy Nerve Agent GA and Lewisite Stocks at Deseret Chemical Depot. Letter Report. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.

NRC. 2010a. Review of the Closure Plans for the Baseline Incineration Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.

NRC. 2010b. Review of the Design of the Dynasafe Static Detonation Chamber (SDC) System for the Anniston Chemical Agent Disposal Facility. Letter report. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.

Rahimian, Kamyar, L.G. Stotts, K. Martinick, P.R. Lewis, and D.A. Adkins. 2010. Gas-Phase Micro-Chemical Analysis System for Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents. Presented at the 13th International Chemical Weapons Demilitarization Conference and Exhibition, Prague, Czech Republic, May 25.

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2012. Remediation of Buried Chemical Warfare Materiel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13419.
×

U.S. Army. 2004a. Basic Safety Concepts and Considerations for Munitions and Explosives of Concern (MEC) Response Action Operations Corps of Engineers. EP 385-1-95a. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. August 27. Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, Department of the Army. Available at http://publications.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-pamphlets/EP_385-1-95_A/EP_385-1-95_A.pdf. Accessed May 30, 2012.

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U.S. Army. 2011a. Digital Radiography and Computed Tomography system fact sheet. Army Chemical Materials Agency. December. Available at http://www.cma.army.mil/fndocumentviewer.aspx?docid=003673281. Accessed May 30, 2012.

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U.S. Army. 2011c. Interim holding facility overview fact sheet. Chemical Materials Agency. Available at http://www.cma.army.mil/fndocumentviewer.aspx?docid=003675879. Accessed May 31, 2012.

U.S. Army. 2011d. Mobile Munitions Assessment System fact sheet. Chemical Materials Agency. December. Available at http://www.cma.army.mil/fndocumentviewer.aspx?docid=003675860. Accessed May 31, 2012.

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2012. Remediation of Buried Chemical Warfare Materiel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13419.
×
Page 98
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2012. Remediation of Buried Chemical Warfare Materiel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13419.
×
Page 99
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2012. Remediation of Buried Chemical Warfare Materiel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13419.
×
Page 100
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As the result of disposal practices from the early to mid-twentieth century, approximately 250 sites in 40 states, the District of Columbia, and 3 territories are known or suspected to have buried chemical warfare materiel (CWM). Much of this CWM is likely to occur in the form of small finds that necessitate the continuation of the Army's capability to transport treatment systems to disposal locations for destruction. Of greatest concern for the future are sites in residential areas and large sites on legacy military installations.

The Army mission regarding the remediation of recovered chemical warfare materiel (RCWM) is turning into a program much larger than the existing munition and hazardous substance cleanup programs. The Army asked the Nation Research Council (NRC) to examine this evolving mission in part because this change is significant and becoming even more prominent as the stockpile destruction is nearing completion. One focus in this report is the current and future status of the Non-Stockpile Chemical Material Project (NSCMP), which now plays a central role in the remediation of recovered chemical warfare materiel and which reports to the Chemical Materials Agency.

Remediation of Buried Chemical Warfare Materiel also reviews current supporting technologies for cleanup of CWM sites and surveys organizations involved with remediation of suspected CWM disposal sites to determine current practices and coordination. In this report, potential deficiencies in operational areas based on the review of current supporting technologies for cleanup of CWM sites and develop options for targeted research and development efforts to mitigate potential problem areas are identified.

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