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REMEDIATION OF
BURIED CHEMICAL
WARFARE MATERIEL
Committee on Review of the Conduct of Operations for Remediation of
Recovered Chemical Warfare Materiel from Burial Sites
Board on Army Science and Technology
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
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T HE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS • 5 00 Fifth Street, NW • Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the
National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy
of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of
the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard
for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract No. W911NF-11-C-0213 between the National Academy of
Sciences and the U.S. Army. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in
this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations
or agencies that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-25790-9
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-25790-5
Limited copies of this report are available from Additional copies are available from
Board on Army Science and Technology The National Academies Press
National Research Council 500 Fifth Street, NW
500 Fifth Street, NW, Room 940 Keck 360
Washington, DC 20001 Washington, DC 20001
(202) 334-3118 (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313
Internet, http://www.nap.edu
Front cover—Upper: Worker in personnel protective equipment lifting a single-round container
(U.S. Army Corps of Engineers photo). Left: Degraded military munitions found at Spring Valley,
District of Columbia (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers photo). Lower background: German Traktor
rocket bases filled with hydrogen mustard, Huntsville (now Redstone) Arsenal, Alabama (U.S. Army
photo from 1948).
Back cover—Ton containers used for storage of lewisite, a blister agent and lung irritant, Huntsville
(now Redstone) Arsenal, Alabama (U.S. Army photo from 1947).
Copyright 2012 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
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The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished
scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and
technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by
the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government
on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of
Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National
Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its
administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences
the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also
sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research,
and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the
National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure
the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters
pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National
Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and,
upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V.
Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to
associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering
knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies
determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the
National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the
government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered
jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M.
Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
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COMMITTEE ON REVIEW OF THE CONDUCT OF OPERATIONS FOR REMEDIATION
OF RECOVERED CHEMICAL WARFARE MATERIEL FROM BURIAL SITES
RICHARD J. AYEN, Chair, Waste Management, Inc. (retired), Jamestown, Rhode Island
DOUGLAS M. MEDVILLE, Vice Chair, MITRE (retired), Highlands Ranch, Colorado
DWIGHT A. BERANEK, Michael Baker Jr., Inc. (retired), Bradenton, Florida
EDWARD L. CUSSLER, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
GILBERT F. DECKER, Walt Disney Imagineering (retired), Los Gatos, California
CLAIR F. GILL, Smithsonian Institution (retired), McLean, Virginia
DEREK GUEST, Derek Guest Environmental and Sustainability Solutions, Pittsford,
New York
TODD A. KIMMELL, Argonne National Laboratory, Washington, D.C. office
JOANN SLAMA LIGHTY, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
JAMES P. PASTORICK, UXO Pro, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia
JEAN D. REED, Independent Consultant, Arlington, Virginia
WILLIAM R. RHYNE, ABS Consulting, Inc. (retired), Kingston, Tennessee
TIFFANY N. THOMAS, Tetra Tech, Inc., Paradise Valley, Arizona
WILLIAM J. WALSH, Pepper Hamilton LLP, Washington, D.C.
LAWRENCE J. WASHINGTON, Dow Chemical Company (retired), Paradise Valley,
Arizona
Staff
NANCY T. SCHULTE, Study Director
HARRISON T. PANNELLA, Senior Program Officer
ANN LARROW, Research Assistant
JOE PALMER, Senior Program/Project Assistant
v
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BOARD ON ARMY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ALAN H. EPSTEIN, Chair, Pratt & Whitney, East Hartford, Connecticut
DAVID M. MADDOX, Vice Chair, Independent Consultant, Arlington, Virginia
DUANE ADAMS, Independent Consultant, Carnegie Mellon University (retired),
Arlington, Virginia
ILESANMI ADESIDA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
MARY E. BOYCE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
EDWARD C. BRADY, Strategic Perspectives, Inc., Fort Lauderdale, Florida
W. PETER CHERRY, Independent Consultant, Ann Arbor, Michigan
EARL H. DOWELL, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
JULIA D. ERDLEY, Pennsylvania State University, State College
LESTER A. FOSTER, Electronic Warfare Associates, Herndon, Virginia
JAMES A. FREEBERSYSER, BBN Technology, St. Louis Park, Minnesota
RONALD P. FUCHS, Independent Consultant, Seattle, Washington
W. HARVEY GRAY, Independent Consultant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
JOHN J. HAMMOND, Lockheed Martin Corporation (retired), Fairfax, Virginia
RANDALL W. HILL, JR., University of Southern California Institute for Creative
Technologies, Playa Vista
JOHN W. HUTCHINSON, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
MARY JANE IRWIN, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
ROBIN L. KEESEE, Independent Consultant, Fairfax, Virginia
ELLIOT D. KIEFF, Channing Laboratory, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
WILLIAM L. MELVIN, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Smyrna
ROBIN MURPHY, Texas A&M University, College Station
SCOTT PARAZYNSKI, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas
RICHARD R. PAUL, Independent Consultant, Bellevue, Washington
JEAN D. REED, Independent Consultant, Arlington, Virginia
LEON E. SALOMON, Independent Consultant, Gulfport, Florida
JONATHAN M. SMITH, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
MARK J.T. SMITH, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
MICHAEL A. STROSCIO, University of Illinois, Chicago
DAVID A. TIRRELL, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
JOSEPH YAKOVAC, President, JVM LLC, Hampton, Virginia
Staff
BRUCE A. BRAUN, Director
CHRIS JONES, Financial Manager
DEANNA P. SPARGER, Program Administrative Coordinator
vi
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Preface
The Committee on Review of the Conduct of Operations The committee’s second focus was to investigate the
for Remediation of Recovered Chemical Warfare Materiel roles and responsibilities of the numerous organizations and
from Burial Sites was appointed by the National Research offices within the Department of Defense and the Depart-
Council in response to a request by Conrad F. Whyne, Direc- ment of the Army that are involved with buried chemical
tor of the Chemical Materials Agency (CMA). The study materiel issues. In carrying out its assigned role, the NSCMP
dealt primarily with the activities of the Non-Stockpile coordinated with these agencies and offices to set priorities,
Chemical Materiel Project (NSCMP), which falls organi- obtain funding, and carry out assessment and destruction
zationally under the CMA and is headed by Laurence G. activities. It also recommended changes to the relationships
Gottschalk, Project Manager for Non-Stockpile Chemical between some of these organizations and offices.
Materiel. Mr. Whyne, Mr. Gottschalk, and their staffs heavily The committee held six meetings. The first was at the
supported the activities of the committee. Chemical Demilitarization Training Facility at the Aberdeen
This report is concerned with the investigation and, if Proving Ground in Edgewood, Maryland. The second meet-
required, the remediation of sites that contain buried chemi- ing, held at the Keck Center in Washington, D.C., featured a
cal materiel. About 250 such sites, located in 40 states and visit to the nearby Spring Valley chemical weapon remedia-
territories of the United States, are thought to exist. Remedia- tion site. The third, fourth, and sixth meetings were also held
tion efforts are currently under way in the Spring Valley area at the Keck Center, and the fifth was held at the Beckman
of Washington, D.C., and at the Camp Sibert site in Alabama. Center in Irvine, California. A total of 38 presentations were
A substantially larger effort is anticipated at the Redstone received from the following entities:
Arsenal in Alabama.
•
The NSCMP plays a major role in remediation efforts. It Twenty agencies and offices within the Department
has project management responsibilities for the assessment of Defense;
•
and disposal of all recovered chemical warfare materiel Regulatory officials from the District of Columbia,
(RCWM) and for this purpose identifies assessment and the states of Alabama and Utah, and U.S. Environ-
disposal costs, disperses funds for assessment and disposal, mental Protection Agency regions 4 and 8;
•
prepares project schedules and other required documents, The Spring Valley Community Restoration Advisory
and obtains all approvals needed for the destruction of Board;
•
the RCWM. The NSCMP owns several explosive destruc- Vendors for the commercially available explosive
tion systems (EDSs), used for destruction of RCWM, and destruction technologies; and
•
arranges for use of commercial explosive destruction tech- A member of the staff of the Senate Armed Services
nologies for RCWM when needed. Committee.
One focus of the committee was investigating the tech-
nologies available to the NSCMP for investigating a burial The presentations are listed in Appendix B.
site that is thought to contain buried chemical weapons, This report was prepared under the auspices of the Board
assessing any chemical materiel recovered, and destroying on Army Science and Technology (BAST) of the National
the RCWM. Deficiencies in the available technologies and Research Council. The committee offers its thanks to Bruce
research and development targeted at those deficiencies are A. Braun, the Director of BAST, and to Nancy T. Schulte,
identified. the Study Director, for their very effective support in the
vii
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viii PREFACE
conduct of this study. It also offers its thanks to the BAST
staff members who capably assisted in information-gathering
activities, meeting and trip arrangements, and the production
of this report; they include Ann Larrow, Research Assistant,
Joe Palmer, Senior Program/Project Assistant, and Harrison
T. Pannella, Senior Program Officer.
Richard J. Ayen, Chair
Committee on Review of the Conduct of Operations
for Remediation of Recovered Chemical Warfare Materiel
from Burial Sites
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Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals John R. Howell, NAE, University of Texas at Austin,
chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, Michael F. McGrath, ANSER (Analytic Services Inc.),
in accordance with procedures approved by the National Leonard M. Siegel, Center for Public Environmental
Research Council’s (NRC’s) Report Review Committee. The Oversight, and
purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and Michael V. Tumulty, P.E., STV Incorporated.
critical comments that will assist the institution in making its
published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the Although the reviewers listed above have provided many
report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, constructive comments and suggestions, they were not
and responsiveness to the study charge. The review com- asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor
ments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect did they see the final draft of the report before its release.
the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the The review of this report was overseen by Elisabeth M.
following individuals for their review of this report: Drake, NAE. Appointed by the National Research Council,
she was responsible for making certain that an independent
Fred S. Celec, Institute for Defense Analyses, examination of this report was carried out in accordance with
Martin Gray, State of Utah Department of Environmental institutional procedures and that all review comments were
Quality, carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of
Henry J. Hatch, NAE, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and
(retired), the institution.
ix
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Contents
SUMMARY 1
1 INTRODUCTION 11
The Nature of the Recovered CWM Problem, 12
Non-Stockpile Chemical Warfare Material in the United States, 13
Study Context, 15
Statement of Task, 16
Addressing the Statement of Task, 16
2 CURRENT POLICY, FUNDING, ORGANIZATION, AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 18
Introduction, 18
Policy Development, 18
Historical and Organizational Overview (First World War-2007), 18
Chronology and Context of Directives and Instructions, 20
Funding, 21
Chemical Agent and Munitions Destruction, Defense (CAMD,D), 22
Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP), 22
Operations and Management (O&M), 23
Organization, 23
Department of Defense, 24
Office of the Secretary of the Army, 26
Office of the Secretary of the Navy, 34
Office of the Secretary of the Air Force, 36
Processes, 36
Summary, 37
3 TREATY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT CONSIDERATIONS 39
Treaty and Regulatory Requirements That Determine Scope and Cost of Cleanup, 39
Treaty Obligations, 39
CERCLA, 39
RCRA Corrective Action, 41
Historic Examples of Cleanup of Buried CWM, 42
Requirements, 42
The Need for Flexibility in CWM Remediation, 43
Know Before You Go, 44
Clean Islands in the Middle of Contaminated Operational Ranges, 45
Corrective Action Management Units, 45
xi
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xii CONTENTS
The Problem Posed by RCRA Storage Requirements, 46
Regulatory Approval and Permitting of the EDS and EDTs, 47
Recycling of Treated Munition Bodies, Fragments, and Other Metals, 47
Extending the Pine Bluff Model, 47
The Importance of Public Involvement, 48
4 TECHNOLOGIES FOR CLEANUP OF CWM SITES 49
Technology Work Flow, 49
Geophysical Detection, 50
Personal Protective Equipment, 50
Air Monitoring During Excavation, Interim Storage, and Destruction, 50
Monitoring Equipment, 51
Types of Monitoring, 52
Excavation Equipment and Techniques, 52
Conventional Excavation Equipment, 52
Robotic Excavation Equipment, 53
Packaging, Transportation, Storage (On-Site and Intrastate), 53
CWM Packaging and Transportation, 53
CWM Storage, 54
Single Chemical Agent Identification Set Access and Neutralization System, 55
Spectroscopic and X-Ray Assessment, 55
Digital Radiography and Computed Tomography, 55
Portable Isotopic Neutron Spectroscopy, 56
Raman Spectroscopy, 56
Mobile Munitions Assessment System, 56
Destruction Technologies, 57
Explosive Destruction System, 57
Transportable Detonation Chamber, 60
Dynasafe Static Detonation Chamber, 61
Detonation of Ammunition in a Vacuum Integrated Chamber, 63
Secondary Waste Storage and Disposal, 64
5 REDSTONE ARSENAL: A CASE STUDY 66
Introduction, 66
The Challenges at Redstone Arsenal, 66
Chemical Warfare Materiel Inventory, 66
Processing of Unusual Items at Redstone Arsenal, 68
Technical and Operational Issues, 69
Match of Technology Needs with NSCMP Capabilities, 70
Assessment of Intact Munitions, 70
Destruction of RCWM-Containing Energetics, 70
Processing of Nonenergetic RCWM, 70
Regulatory Issues, 71
CERCLA Actions at Redstone Arsenal, 72
RCRA Action at Redstone Arsenal, 72
Cleanup Decision, 72
Maximizing Regulatory Flexibility, 73
Corrective Action Management Units, Temporary Units, and Area of Contamination Concept, 73
Community Concerns, 73
6 THE PATH FORWARD: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TARGETED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 75
Technologies With No Targeted R&D Recommendations, 76
Technologies With Targeted R&D Needs, 76
Robotic Excavation Equipment, 76
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xiii
CONTENTS
CWM Packaging and Transportation, 76
Assessment of Recovered Munitions, 77
Destruction of Contaminated RCWM, 78
Destruction of RCWM That Contains Energetics, 78
Processing of Nonenergetic RCWM, 80
7 THE PATH FORWARD: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POLICY, FUNDING, AND ORGANIZATION 82
Introduction, 82
Chronology, 2007 Through the Present, 82
RCWM Program Implementation Plan of 2007, 82
The Army’s RCWM Implementation Plan of 2010, 85
Army Role and Responsibilities, 85
Funding, 86
Background, 86
RCWM Program Funding Requirements, 89
Committee Findings and Recommendations on the Organization of RCWM Activities, 90
Organizational Alternatives, 92
Recommended Path Forward, 94
REFERENCES 98
APPENDIXES
A Biographical Sketches of Committee Members 101
B Committee Meetings and Data-Gathering Activities 105
C Final Implementation Plan for the Recovery and Destruction of Buried Chemical Warfare Materiel, March 1, 2010 109
D Review of Regulatory Programs 112
E Management Practices for U.S. Army Planned RCWM Recovery and Emergency Response 119
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Tables and Figures
TABLES
1-1 Inventory of Army RCWM Sites, 15
3-1 Examples of CWM Cleanups, 43
4-1 Multiple Round Containers, 54
4-2 Comparison of Destruction Technologies, 58
5-1 Partial List of Chemical Items Produced at RSA Ordnance Plant During the Second World War, 68
D-1 Number of Munitions Response Sites
FIGURES
S-1 Current organization for policy, oversight, and funding for RCWM, 6
S-2 RCWM Army execution structure, 7
S-3 RCWM program future funding, 8
S-4 Army RCWM organization and authority recommended by committee, 9
1-1 NSCMP mission area 4 past and projected schedule, 13
1-2 Past and future mission areas 1-4 activities; locations and munitions destroyed, 14
2-1 Current organization for policy, oversight, and funding for RCWM, 19
2-2 Current funding, CAMD,D, 22
2-3 Current funding, DERP, 22
2-4 Current funding, O&M, 23
2-5 Current organization for execution for RCWM, 24
2-6 Organizational chart for USD(AT&L), 25
2-7 Army environmental organizational structure, 27
2-8 Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management, 28
2-9 Map of U.S. Army Installation Management Command garrisons, 29
2-10 U.S. Army Environmental Command, 30
2-11 NSCMP organizational chart, 32
2-12 Typical chemical warfare materiel project, 33
2-13 USACE Military Munitions Support Services, 34
2-14 NAVFAC overview, 35
2-15 Air Force Center for Engineering and Environment, 36
xiv
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xv
TABLES AND FIGURES
3-1 Comparable CERCLA and RCRA remedial action processes, 42
4-1 Interim holding facility, 55
4-2 A typical DRCT scan, 55
4-3 Mobile munitions assessment system, 57
4-4 The EDS-2 vessel on its trailer, 59
4-5 Process flow in the large mobile transportable detonation chamber TC-60, 61
4-6 Process flow diagram for front components of the Dynasafe SDC 1200 installation for Anniston Army Depot, 62
4-7 DAVINCH three-stage destruction mechanism, 64
5-1 Map of Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, 67
5-2 German Traktor rocket pit at Huntsville (now Redstone) Arsenal, Alabama (photo from 1948), 69
7-1 Current organization for policy, oversight, and funding for RCWM, 88
7-2 RCWM Army execution structure, 91
7-3 RCWM program future funding, 95
7-4 Army RCWM organization and authority recommended by committee, 96
E-1 Management practices for U.S. Army planned RCWM recovery at burial locations, 120
E-2 Management practices for U.S. Army RCWM emergency response, executed by DASA-ECW,
CMA, and PMNSCM, 121
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
ACAT I Acquisition Category I CAM Chemical Agent Monitor
ACSIM Assistant Chief of Staff, Installation CAMD,D Chemical Agent and Munitions
Management (U.S. Army) Disposal, Defense
ACWA Assembled Chemical Weapons CAMU corrective action management unit
Alternatives CARA Chemical Biological Radiological
ADEM Alabama Department of Environmental Nuclear (Enhanced) Analysis and
Management Remediation Activity
AEC U.S. Army Environmental Command CBARR Chemical Biological Applications and
AEL airborne exposure limit Risk Reduction
AFCEE Air Force Center for Engineering and CBRNE chemical, biological, radiological,
Environment nuclear and high yield explosives
AMC U.S. Army Materiel Command CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental
ANCDF Anniston Chemical Agent Disposal Response, Compensation and
Facility (Alabama) Liability Act
ARAR applicable, relevant, and appropriate CG phosgene
requirement CMA Chemical Materials Agency
ASA(ALT) Assistant Secretary of the Army CNB CN tear gas mixed with carbon
for Acquisition, Logistics and tetrachloride and benzene
Technology CNO Chief of Naval Operations
ASA(IE&E) Assistant Secretary of the Army CNS CN tear gas mixed with chloropicrin
(Installations, Energy and and chloroform
Environment CONUS continental United States
ASA(ILE) Assistant Secretary of the Army CSA Chief of Staff of the Army
for Installation, Logistics and CSDP chemical stockpile disposal program
Environment CSE Chemical Stockpile Elimination
ASA(RDA) Assistant Secretary of the Army (project)
for Research, Development and CSEPP Chemical Stockpile Emergency
Acquisition Preparedness Project
ASD(NCB) Assistant Secretary of Defense CW chemical weapons
(Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological CWC Chemical Weapons Convention
Defense Programs) CWM chemical warfare materiel
BES budget execution submission DA diphenylchloroarsine (Clark I)
BRAC base realignment and closure DAAMS Depot Area Air Monitoring System
DAB Defense Acquisition Board
CAIRA chemical accident or incident response DASA(ECW) Deputy Assistant Secretary of the
and assistance Army for Elimination of Chemical
CAIS chemical agent identification set(s) Weapons
xvi
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xvii
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
DASA(ESOH) Deputy Assistant Secretary of the
Army (Environment, Safety and IHF interim holding facility
Occupational Health) IMCOM Installation Management Command
DAVINCH detonation of ammunition in a vacuum (U.S. Army)
integrated chamber INST CDR installation commander
DC diphenylcyanoarsine (Clark II) IO integrating office
DDESB Department of Defense Explosives IPT integrated product team
Safety Board IRP Installation Restoration Program
DERP Defense Environmental Restoration ITRC Interstate Technology Regulatory
Program Council
DM adamsite
DMM discarded military munitions L lewisite or liter
DOD Department of Defense LDR land disposal restrictions
DOT Department of Transportation LITANS large item transportable access and
DRCT digital radiography and computed neutralization system
tomography
DUSD(I&E) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for MARB Materiel Assessment Review
Installations and Environment Board
MC munitions constituents
EA executive agent MDAP major defense acquisition program(s)
ECBC Edgewood Chemical Biological Center MEA monoethanolamine
EDS Explosive Destruction System MEC munitions and explosives of concern
EDS-1 EDS Phase 1 MEL mobile expeditionary laboratory
EDS-2 EDS Phase 2 (CARA)
EDS-3 EDS Phase 3 MIL-SPEC military specification
EDT explosive destruction technology MINICAMS Miniature Chemical Agent Monitoring
EOD explosive ordnance disposal System(s)
EPA Environmental Protection Agency MMAS mobile munitions assessment system
EPCRA Emergency Planning and Community MMRP Military Munitions Response Program
Right-to-Know Act MR munitions rule
ER,A Environmental Response, Army MRC multiple round container
MRP munitions response program
FFA federal facility agreement MRS munitions response site
FORSCOM Forces Command (U.S. Army) MRSPP Munitions Response Site Prioritization
FSS fragment suppression system Protocol
FTO flameless thermal oxidizer MSU munitions storage unit
FUDS formerly used defense site(s)
NAVFAC Naval Facilities Engineering Command
GA tabun (a nerve agent) NCP National Oil and Hazardous Substances
GB sarin (a nerve agent) Pollution Contingency Plan
GD soman (a nerve agent) NDAA National Defense Authorization Act
NEW net explosive weight
H sulfur mustard NPL National Priorities List
HD sulfur mustard (distilled) NRC National Research Council
HEPA high-efficiency particulate air (filter) NSCM non-stockpile chemical materiel
HN nitrogen mustard NSCMP Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel
HN-3 nitrogen mustard Project
HNC Huntsville Engineering Center NSCWM non-stockpile chemical warfare
HS sulfur mustard materiel
HSWA Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments OB/OD open burn/open detonation
HT sulfur mustard, T-mustard combination, OCONUS outside the continental United States
also British mustard OIPT overarching integrated product team
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xviii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
O&M operations and maintenance TNT trinitrotoluene
OMA Operations and Maintenance, Army TOCDF Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal
OP-FTIR Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared Facility (Utah)
Spectrometry air monitoring TPP Technical Project Planning
OSD Office of the Secretary of Defense TRAM throughput, reliability, availability, and
maintainability
PIG package in-transit gas (container) TSDF treatment, storage, and disposal facility
PINS portable isotopic neutron spectroscopy TU temporary unit
PMCD program manager for chemical
demilitarization UMSC universal munitions storage container
PMNSCM Project Manager for Non-Stockpile USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Chemical Materiel USACMDA U.S. Army Chemical Materiel
POM Program Objective Memorandum Destruction Agency
PPBES planning, programming, budgeting and USAEC U.S. Army Environmental Command
execution USAESCH U.S. Army Engineering Support
PPE personal protective equipment Center, Huntsville
USATCES U.S. Army Technical Center for
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Explosives Safety
Act USD(A&T) Under Secretary of Defense for
RCWM recovered chemical warfare materiel Acquisition and Technology
RDECOM Research, Development, and (renamed USD(AT&L))
Engineering Command USD(AT&L) Under Secretary of Defense for
RDT&E research, development, test, and Acquisition, Technology and
evaluation Logistics [formerly USD(A&T)]
RFI RCRA Facility Investigation USD(Comptroller) Under Secretary of Defense
RI/FS remedial investigation/feasibility study Comptroller
ROD record of decision USD(I&E) Under Secretary of Defense for
RRS remediation response section (CARA) Installations and Environment
RSA Redstone Arsenal UTS universal treatment standards
UXO unexploded ordnance
SCANS Single Chemical agent identification
set Access and Neutralization System VSL vapor screening level
SDC static detonation chamber
SES Senior Executive Service WP white phosphorus
SPP site prioritization protocol
SPT CMD Support Command 3X level of agent decontamination
SRC single round container (suitable for transport for further
STEL short-term exposure limit processing) (obsolete)
SWMU solid waste management unit 5X level of agent decontamination
(suitable for release for unrestricted
TDC transportable detonation chamber use) (obsolete)
