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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13423.
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Appendix C

Acronyms

ADD     animal daily dose
A/EEC     attaching and effacing Escherichia coli
AIDS     acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AMR     antimicrobial resistance
AMU     antimicrobial use
APCI     atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
AVMA     American Veterinary Medicine Association
           
CAC     Codex Alimentarius Commission
CAFO     concentrated animal feeding operation
CDC     Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CFU     colony forming unit
CIPARS     Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance
CITES     Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species
CRS     Congressional Research Service
CSIRO     Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
CVM     Center for Veterinary Medicine
           
DANMAP     Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Programme
DEFRA     Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
DNA     deoxyribonucleic acid
DRC     Democratic Republic of the Congo
DVFA     Danish Veterinary and Food Authority
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13423.
×
           
EAggEC     enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
EFSA     European Food Safety Authority
EID     emerging infectious disease
EIEC     enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
EHEC     enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
EPEC     enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
ERS     Economic Research Service
ESBL     extended-spectrum β-lactamase
ETEC     enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
           
FAO     Food and Agriculture Organization
FDA     Food and Drug Administration
FMD     foot and mouth disease
FMI     Food Marketing Institute
FSIS     Food Safety and Inspection Service
FSMA     Food Safety Modernization Act
           
GABHS     Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
GAO     government accountability office
GAP     good agricultural practice
GBS     Guillain-Barré syndrome
GVFI     global virus forecasting initiative
           
HACCP     hazard analysis and critical control point
HAV     hepatitis A virus
HEV     hepatitis E virus
HIV     human immunodeficiency virus
HPAI     highly pathogenic avian influenza
HTLV     human T-lymphotropic viruses
HUS     hemolytic uremic syndrome
           
IHR     International Health Regulations
IOM     Institute of Medicine
           
LAMP     loop-mediated isothermal amplification
           
MALDI     matrix-assisted laser desorption—ionization
MMR     measles, mumps, and rubella
MS     mass spectroscopy
NAQS     National Australian Quarantine Strategy
NARMS     National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System
NIFA     National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13423.
×
NiV     Nipah virus
NOAA     National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NORS     National Outbreak Reporting System
NoV     norovirus
           
OIE     World Animal Health Organization (Office International des Epizooties)
           
PCR     pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
PFGE     polymerase chain reaction
           
QA/QC     quality assurance/quality control
           
RNA     ribonucleic acid
           
SARS     severe acute respiratory syndrome
SE     Salmonella serotype Enteritidis
SFV     simian foamy virus
SIV     swine influenza virus
SRSV     small round structured virus
STEC     Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
STLV     simian T-lymphotropic viruses
           
TEM     transmission electron microscope
           
UN     United Nations
USAID     United States Agency for International Development
USDA     United States Department of Agriculture
           
VTEC     verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli
           
WHO     World Health Organization
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13423.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13423.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13423.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13423.
×
Page 375
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13423.
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Page 376
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Globalization of the food supply has created conditions favorable for the emergence, reemergence, and spread of food-borne pathogens-compounding the challenge of anticipating, detecting, and effectively responding to food-borne threats to health. In the United States, food-borne agents affect 1 out of 6 individuals and cause approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths each year. This figure likely represents just the tip of the iceberg, because it fails to account for the broad array of food-borne illnesses or for their wide-ranging repercussions for consumers, government, and the food industry-both domestically and internationally. A One Health approach to food safety may hold the promise of harnessing and integrating the expertise and resources from across the spectrum of multiple health domains including the human and veterinary medical and plant pathology communities with those of the wildlife and aquatic health and ecology communities.

The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop on December 13 and 14, 2011 that examined issues critical to the protection of the nation's food supply. The workshop explored existing knowledge and unanswered questions on the nature and extent of food-borne threats to health. Participants discussed the globalization of the U.S. food supply and the burden of illness associated with foodborne threats to health; considered the spectrum of food-borne threats as well as illustrative case studies; reviewed existing research, policies, and practices to prevent and mitigate foodborne threats; and, identified opportunities to reduce future threats to the nation's food supply through the use of a "One Health" approach to food safety. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary covers the events of the workshop and explains the recommendations for future related workshops.

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