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Appendix C
Acronyms
ADD animal daily dose
A/EEC attaching and effacing Escherichia coli
AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AMR antimicrobial resistance
AMU antimicrobial use
APCI atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
AVMA American Veterinary Medicine Association
CAC Codex Alimentarius Commission
CAFO concentrated animal feeding operation
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CFU colony forming unit
CIPARS Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance
Surveillance
CITES Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species
CRS Congressional Research Service
CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
CVM Center for Veterinary Medicine
DANMAP Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and
Research Programme
DEFRA Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo
DVFA Danish Veterinary and Food Authority
373
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374 IMPROVING FOOD SAFETY THROUGH A ONE HEALTH APPROACH
EAggEC enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
EFSA European Food Safety Authority
EID emerging infectious disease
EIEC enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
EHEC enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
EPEC enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
ERS Economic Research Service
extended-spectrum β-lactamase
ESBL
ETEC enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FMD foot and mouth disease
FMI Food Marketing Institute
FSIS Food Safety and Inspection Service
FSMA Food Safety Modernization Act
GABHS Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
GAO government accountability office
GAP good agricultural practice
GBS Guillain-Barré syndrome
GVFI global virus forecasting initiative
HACCP hazard analysis and critical control point
HAV hepatitis A virus
HEV hepatitis E virus
HIV human immunodeficiency virus
HPAI highly pathogenic avian influenza
HTLV human T-lymphotropic viruses
HUS hemolytic uremic syndrome
IHR International Health Regulations
IOM Institute of Medicine
LAMP loop-mediated isothermal amplification
MALDI matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization
MMR measles, mumps, and rubella
MS mass spectroscopy
NAQS National Australian Quarantine Strategy
NARMS National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System
NIFA National Institute of Food and Agriculture
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375
APPENDIX C
NiV Nipah virus
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NORS National Outbreak Reporting System
NoV norovirus
OIE World Animal Health Organization (Office International des
Epizooties)
PCR polymerase chain reaction
PFGE pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
QA/QC quality assurance/quality control
RNA ribonucleic acid
SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome
SE Salmonella serotype Enteritidis
SFV simian foamy virus
SIV swine influenza virus
SRSV small round structured virus
STEC Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
STLV simian T-lymphotropic viruses
TEM transmission electron microscope
UN United Nations
USAID United States Agency for International Development
USDA United States Department of Agriculture
VTEC verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli
WHO World Health Organization
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