Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page R1
Andrew Robertson and Steve Olson, Rapporteurs
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE
OCR for page R2
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: This publication has been reviewed according to procedures approved by the
National Academy of Engineering report review process. Publication of signed work signifies
that it is judged a competent and useful contribution worthy of public consideration, but
it does not imply endorsement of conclusions or recommendations by the National Acad-
emy of Engineering. The interpretations and conclusions in such publications are those of
the authors and do not purport to present the views of the council, officers, or staff of the
National Academy of Engineering.
The Roundtable on Technology, Science, and Peacebuilding, the sponsor of the workshop
on which this report is based, is supported by funding from the U.S. Department of Defense
(JDDM-3663-1), Qualcomm, National Science Foundation (ENG-1136841), U.S. Depart-
mnt of Agriculture (59-0790-2-058), U.S. Department of State, and CRDF Global. Any
opinions, findings, or conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the workshop
participants.
International Standard Book Number 13: 978-0-309-25967-5
International Standard Book Number 10: 0-309-25967-3
Copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street NW,
Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (888) 624-8373; online at www.nap.edu.
For more information about the National Academy of Engineering, visit the NAE home
page at www.nae.edu.
Copyright 2012 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
OCR for page R3
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of dis-
tinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the further-
ance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of
the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires
it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone
is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the
National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is
autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the
National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government.
The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at
meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior
achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of
Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to
secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of
policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibil-
ity given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser
to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care,
research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in
1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's
purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in
accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the
principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National
Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scien-
tific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies
and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and
vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
OCR for page R4
The United States Institute of Peace is the global conflict management center for the United
States. Created by Congress in 1984 to be independent and nonpartisan, the Institute works
to prevent, mitigate, and resolve international conflict through nonviolent means. USIP
operates in the world's most challenging conflict zones, and it leads in professional conflict
management and peacebuilding by applying innovative tools, convening experts and stake-
holders, supporting policymakers, and providing public education. The Institute translates
its on-the-ground experience into knowledge, skills, and resources for policymakers, the US
military, government and civilian leaders, nongovernmental organizations, practitioners,
and citizens both here and abroad.
The Institute's permanent headquarters and conference center are located at the northwest
corner of the National Mall in Washington, DC. The facility also houses the Academy for
International Conflict Management and Peacebuilding and the Global Peacebuilding Center.
www.usip.org
OCR for page R5
WORKSHOP STEERING COMMITTEE
Pamela Aall (co-chair), Senior Vice President, U.S. Institute of Peace
Ann Bartuska (co-chair), Deputy Under Secretary, U.S. Department of
Agriculture
Cathy Campbell, President and CEO, CRDF Global
Mark Epstein, Senior Vice President of Development, Qualcomm
Brian Greenberg, Director of Sustainable Development, InterAction
Mike McGirr, National Program Leader, NIFA-USDA, U.S. Department of
Agriculture
Donald Nkrumah, Associate Director, Global R&D, Pfizer Animal Health
Riikka Rajalahti, Senior Agricultural Specialist, The World Bank
Staff
Geneve Bergeron, Research Assistant, U.S. Institute of Peace
Sheldon Himelfarb, Director, Center of Innovation for Science,
Technology, and Peacebuilding
Greg Pearson, Senior Program Officer, National Academy of Engineering
Proctor P. Reid, Director, NAE Program Office
Andrew Robertson, Senior Program Officer, U.S. Institute of Peace
Ibrahim Shaqir, Interagency Professional in Residence, U.S. Institute of
Peace
Frederick S. Tipson, Special Advisor, Center of Innovation for Science,
Technology, and Peacebuilding
v
OCR for page R6
OCR for page R7
Acknowledgments
T
his summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen
for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance
with procedures approved by The National Academies. The purpose
of the independent review is to provide candid and critical comments to
assist the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) in making its published
report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional
standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge.
The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect
the integrity of the deliberative process. We thank the following individuals
for their review of this report:
Gary Alex, Farmer-to-Farmer Program Manager, U.S. Agency for
International Development
Mark Bell, Director, International Learning Center, UC Davis
Dennis Kopp, Retired Program and Analysis Officer, NIFA-USDA
Cindi Warren Mentz, Director, External Relations, Middle East/North
Africa, CRDF Global
Ronald D. Oetting, Professor of Entomology, University of Georgia
Riikka Rajalahti, Senior Agricultural Specialist, The World Bank
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive com-
ments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the views expressed
vii
OCR for page R8
viiiACKNOWLEDGMENTS
in the report, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release.
The review of this report was overseen by Venkatesh (Venky) Narayanamurti,
Benjamin Peirce Professor of Technology and Public Policy, Harvard School
of Engineering and Applied Science, and director, Science, Technology and
Public Policy Program, Harvard Kennedy School. Appointed by NAE, he
was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this
report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that
all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final
content of this report rests entirely with the authors and NAE.
In addition, both the National Academies and the U.S. Institute of
Peace acknowledge the support of Under Secretary Catherine Woteki and
Deputy Under Secretary Ann Bartuska in advancing this work. In addition
to strongly advocating this study as a Roundtable activity, they supported
the workshop and its planning by seconding Ibrahim Shaqir, Director of the
Agricultural Research Program's Office of International Research Programs,
to the Institute for four months. Mr. Shaqir's involvement was instrumental
in shaping this project and its outcomes.
OCR for page R9
Contents
1 INTRODUCTION 1
The Workshop, 3
Discussion Themes, 4
2 CONFLICT IN RURAL SETTINGS 9
Conflict over Land in Rural Settings, 10
Postconflict Reintegration: Problems and Opportunities, 13
Conflict Resolution Among Afghan Herders, 15
Discussion, 17
3 EXTENSION SERVICES IN FRAGILE SOCIETIES 19
Challenges, Needs, and Opportunities, 19
Agricultural Extension in South Sudan, 22
Agricultural Extension in Iraq, 25
Discussion, 26
4 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING 29
Skills, 29
Legitimacy, 30
Processes, 33
ix
OCR for page R10
xCONTENTS
5 ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND INSTITUTION BUILDING 35
Options for Working with Ministries of Agriculture, 35
The Need for Decentralization, 36
Ensuring Sustainability, 38
6 TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 39
Technological Capabilities for Extension and Peacebuilding, 39
Potential Extensions of ICT, 40
Involvement of the Private Sector, 41
7 FINAL OBSERVATIONS 43
APPENDIXES
AAgenda 45
BAttendees 49
