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Alexandra Beatty, Rapporteur
Steering Committee on Climate Change Education
in Formal Settings, K-14
Board on Science Education
Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Gov-
erning Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from
the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engi-
neering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible
for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for
appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract No. DUE-0956031 between the National
Academy of Sciences and the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, find-
ings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those
of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or
agencies that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-26016-9
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-26016-7
Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202)
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Copyright 2012 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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Cover credits: The first and bottom photos are from iStock. The second photo from
the top is of the Marian Koshland Science Museum of the National Academy of
Sciences, Washington, DC. The third photo from the top is from the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service website.
Suggested citation: National Research Council. (2012). Climate Change Education in
Formal Settings, K-14: A Workshop Summary. A. Beatty, Rapporteur. Steering Com-
mittee on Climate Change Education in Formal Settings, K-14. Board on Science
Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington,
DC: The National Academies Press.
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The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating
society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research,
dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the
general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress
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ment on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the
National Academy of Sciences.
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M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
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vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
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STEERING COMMITTEE ON CLIMATE CHANGE
EDUCATION IN FORMAL SETTINGS, K-14
CHARLES W. "Andy" ANDERSON (Chair), Department of Teacher
Education, Michigan State University
CAROL BREWER, Department of Biology, University of Montana
LYNN ELFNER, Ohio Academy of Science
JAMES E. GERINGER, Environmental System Research Institute,
Redlands, California
LOUISA KOCH, Office of Education, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Association
TAMARA SHAPIRO LEDLEY, Center for Science Teaching and
Learning, TERC, Cambridge, Massachusetts
MICHAEL TOWN, Redmond High School, Redmond, Oregon
MICHAEL A. FEDER, Study Director (until February 2011)
SHERRIE FORREST, Study Director (since March 2011)
MARTIN STORKSDIECK, Director, Board on Science Education
PAUL G. STERN, Senior Scholar, Board on Environmental Change and
Society
REBECCA KRONE, Program Associate
ANTHONY BROWN, Senior Program Assistant
v
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BOARD ON SCIENCE EDUCATION
HELEN QUINN (Chair), Emerita, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center,
Stanford University
GEORGE BOGGS, Emeritus, Palomar College and American Association
of Community Colleges
WILLIAM BONVILLIAN, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Washington, DC, Office
RODOLFO DIRZO, Department of Biology, Stanford University
JOSEPH FRANCISCO, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University
ADAM GAMORAN, Wisconsin Center for Education Research,
University of WisconsinMadison
JERRY P. GOLLUB, Natural Sciences and Physics Departments,
Haverford College
MARGARET HONEY, New York Hall of Science, Queens, New York
JAN HUSTLER, Partnership for Student Success in Science, Synopsys,
Inc., Mountain View, California
SUSAN W. KIEFFER, Department of Geology, University of Illinois at
UrbanaChampaign
CARLO PARRAVANO, Merck Institute for Science Education, Rahway,
New Jersey
BRIAN REISER, School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern
University
SUZANNE WILSON, Department of Teacher Education and Center for
the Scholarship of Teaching, Michigan State University
MARTIN STORKSDIECK, Director
HEIDI A. SCHWEINGRUBER, Deputy Director
MICHAEL A. FEDER, Senior Program Officer (on leave since February
2011 with the White House Office of Science Technology Policy)
MARGARET HILTON, Senior Program Officer
THOMAS E. KELLER, Senior Program Officer
Natalie NielsEn, Senior Program Officer
Sherrie Forrest, Associate Program Officer
REBECCA KRONE, Program Associate
ANTHONY BROWN, Senior Program Assistant
vi
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Acknowledgments
T
his workshop summary is based on discussions at a workshop con-
vened on August 31 and September 1, 2011, by the Board on Science
Education (BOSE), in collaboration with the Board on Environmen-
tal Change and Society (BECS) and the Division on Earth and Life Studies
(DELS), of the National Research Council (NRC). I would like to thank my
colleagues who served on the steering committee, each of whom brought
deep and varied expertise to the process of planning the workshop. The
members of the steering committee developed the agenda, identified
and selected presenters and paper authors, and facilitated discussion
throughout the workshop. Although they did not participate in writing
this report, this summary reflects the insightful comments of the steering
committee members, presenters, and many of the workshop participants.
The workshop was generously supported by the National Science Foun-
dation as part of the NRC Roundtable on Climate Change Education.
This report has been prepared by the workshop rapporteur as a fac-
tual summary of what occurred at the workshop. The planning commit-
tee's role was limited to planning and convening the workshop. The views
contained in the report are those of individual workshop participants and
do not necessarily represent the views of all workshop participants, the
planning committee, or the NRC.
This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by indi-
viduals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in
accordance with procedures approved by the Report Review Committee
vii
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viiiACKNOWLEDGMENTS
of NRC. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid
and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its pub-
lished report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets
institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the
charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to
protect the integrity of the process. On behalf of the NRC, I thank the other
individuals who joined me in reviewing this report: David E. Blockstein,
executive secretary, Council of Environmental Deans and Directors,
senior scientist, National Council for Science and the Environment; Betty
Carvellas, teacher leader, Teacher Advisory Council, Colchester, Vermont;
Joe E. Heimlich, professor and specialist, Center of Science and Industry,
and School of Environment and Natural Resources, and, Environmental
Science Graduate Program, Ohio State University, and senior research
associate, Institute for Learning Innovation; Karen Hollweg, principal
investigator, A Framework for Assessing Environmental Literacy, North
American Association for Environmental Education; Rajul Pandya, direc-
tor, Spark, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder,
Colorado; and Bora Simmons, director, National Project for Excellence in
Environmental Education, North American Association for Environmen-
tal Education.
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive
comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of
the report nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release.
The review of this report was overseen by Cary I. Sneider, Center for
Science Education, Portland State University. Appointed by the NRC, he
was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of
this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures
and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility
for the final content of this report rests entirely with the author and the
institution.
I am grateful for the leadership and support of Martin Storksdieck,
director of the Board on Science Education and the Roundtable on Cli-
mate Education, and Paul Stern, senior scholar, Board on Environmental
Change and Society. I would like to thank Sherrie Forrest, workshop
study director and associate program officer of BOSE and the Ocean
Studies Board, for her support in planning and organizing the workshop.
I would also give my sincerest thanks to Alexandra Beatty for serving as
rapporteur. Anthony Brown deserves our thanks for his invaluable logisti-
cal support throughout the project and at the meeting, and Rebecca Krone
for her support throughout the workshop planning and on the days of
the workshop. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the support of the
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
Executive and the Reports Office of the NRC Division of Behavioral and
Social Sciences and Education. Through their efforts we were able to bring
together a diverse group of presenters and participants who shared their
experiences and expertise at this workshop. The insights that we gained
are summarized in this report.
Finally, I would like to extend a special thanks to the speakers and
participants whose insightful contributions to the issue of climate change
education have been recorded in this workshop summary.
Charles W. "Andy" Anderson, Chair
Steering Committee on Climate Change Education
in Formal Settings, K-14
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Contents
1Introduction 1
2 Student Understanding of Climate Change 11
3 Science Education Standards and Climate Change 23
4 Teacher Understanding and Preparation 37
5 Innovations at the High School and College Levels 49
6 Closing Discussion: Major Messages and Parting Thoughts 63
References71
Appendixes
A Workshop Agenda and List of Participants 75
B Climate Change Education Roundtable 85
C Biographical Sketches of Presenters, Steering Committee
Members, and Staff 87
xi
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