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Appendix A
Committee Member Biographies
David R. Walt is Robinson Professor of Chemistry and professor of bio-
medical engineering at Tufts University and is a Howard Hughes Medical
Institute professor. Dr. Walt served as chemistry department chairman
at Tufts from 1989 to 1996. His laboratory applies micro- and nanotech-
nologies to urgent biological problems (such as the analysis of genetic
variation and the behavior of single cells), single-molecule detection, and
the practical application of arrays for diagnostics and the detection of
explosives, chemical and biological warfare agents, and food and water-
borne pathogens. Dr. Walt is the founding scientist of Illumina, Inc., and
has been a director and chairman of its Scientific Advisory Board since
1998. He is also the founding scientist of Quanterix Corporation and is
a director and the chairman of its Scientific Advisory Board. He serves
on many government advisory panels and boards and on the editorial
advisory board of numerous journals. He is a member of the Defense Sci-
ences Research Council, a high-level advisory group for the U.S. Depart-
ment of Defense and is a member of the Board on Chemical Sciences and
Technology of the National Academy of Sciences. From 1996 to 2003 he
served as executive editor of Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Dr.
Walt has published over 250 papers and holds more than 60 patents. He
has received numerous national and international awards and honors
for his fundamental and applied work in the field of optical sensors and
arrays, including the American Chemical Society's 2010 National Award
for Creative Invention. He is a member of the National Academy of Engi-
neering, a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological
159
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160 APPENDIX A
Engineering, and a fellow of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science. He received a B.S. in chemistry from the University of
Michigan and a Ph.D. in chemical biology from the State University of
New York at Stony Brook.
Kiyoko F. Aoki-Kinoshita received her B.S. and M.S. degrees in com-
puter science from Northwestern University simultaneously in 1996. She
received her doctorate in computer engineering from Northwestern in
1999. She was employed at BioDiscovery, Inc., in Los Angeles as a senior
software engineer before moving to Kyoto, Japan, to work as a post-
doctoral researcher at the Bioinformatics Center, Institute of Chemical
Research, Kyoto University. There she developed various algorithmic and
data-mining methods for analyzing glycan structure data accumulated in
the KEGG GLYCAN database, which have been published in numerous
journal papers. She then joined the Department of Bioinformatics in the
Faculty of Engineering at Soka University in Tokyo and is now an associ-
ate professor of bioinformatics. She is also involved in several research
projects pertaining to glycan functions based on their structure as well
as recognition patterns of glycan structures by other proteins and even
viruses. One of these projects is the development of a Web resource called
RINGS (Resource for INformatics of Glycomes at Soka), which is intended
to freely provide on the Internet many of the informatics algorithms and
methods that have been published in the literature. These and other
methods have been summarized in her book Glycome Informatics: Methods
and Applications (CRC Press, 2009). Dr. Aoki-Kinoshita is a board member
of the Japanese Society for Bioinformatics and the Japanese Society for
Carbohydrate Research.
Brad Bendiak is an associate professor at the University of Colorado
School of Medicine, where he teaches cell and developmental biology.
He received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge in 1983. Dr.
Bendiak's laboratory focuses on understanding the enzymes that syn-
thesize cell surface carbohydrates, the glycosyltransferases. In addition,
characterization of the carbohydrate structures themselves and develop-
ment of new methods for elucidation of these molecules are ongoing. This
includes new methods in higher-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR) spectroscopy and fundamental studies in the fragmentation of
carbohydrate molecules by mass spectrometry, with the overall goal being
to assign the detailed structures of these complex molecules unambigu-
ously. His laboratory is also interested in a series of glycosyltransferases
involved in synthesis and branching of novel core structures of glycopro-
tein oligosaccharides and in better understanding the control of expres-
sion and the role of these enzymes in different tissues. For structural elu-
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APPENDIX A 161
cidation of glycoprotein oligosaccharides, his laboratory uses high-field
NMR, mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,
in addition to specific methods of chemical degradation that also are top-
ics of research by the lab. Recent work has dealt with developments of
gas-phase methods for separation and differentiation of oligosaccharide
isomers.
Carolyn R. Bertozzi is the T. Z. and Irmgard Chu Distinguished Profes-
sor of Chemistry and a professor of molecular and cell biology at the
University of California, Berkeley, an investigator at the Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, and senior faculty scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory. She completed her undergraduate degree in chemis-
try from Harvard University in 1988 and her Ph.D. in chemistry from UC
Berkeley in 1993. After completing postdoctoral work at the University of
California, San Francisco, in the field of cellular immunology, she joined
the UC Berkeley faculty in 1996. Dr. Bertozzi's research interests span the
disciplines of chemistry and biology, with an emphasis on studies of cell
surface glycosylation pertinent to disease states. Her laboratory focuses
on developing chemical tools to probe changes in cell surface glycosyl-
ation associated with cancer, inflammation, and bacterial infection and on
exploiting this information for development of diagnostic and therapeutic
approaches. In addition, her group develops nanoscience-based technolo-
gies for probing cell function and methods for protein engineering. Dr.
Bertozzi has been recognized with many honors and awards for both her
research and teaching accomplishments. She is a member of the National
Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences, and the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.
Some awards of note include the LemelsonMassachusetts Institute of
Technology award for inventors, the Whistler Award, the Ernst Schering
Prize, a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship, the American Chemical Soci-
ety Award in Pure Chemistry, the Tetrahedron Young Investigator Award,
and the Irving Sigal Young Investigator Award of the Protein Society.
Her efforts in undergraduate education have earned her a UC Berkeley
Distinguished Teaching Award and the Donald Sterling Noyce Prize for
Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching.
Geert-Jan Boons received his M.Sc. in chemistry in 1987 and his Ph.D.
in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry in 1991 from the State University of
Leiden (The Netherlands). Prior to joining the faculty at the Complex Car-
bohydrate Research Center at the University of Georgia in 1998, he spent
7 years in the United Kingdom, first as a postdoctoral fellow at Imperial
College and the University of Cambridge and then as a lecturer and pro-
fessor at the University of Birmingham. In 2003, Dr. Boons was awarded
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162 APPENDIX A
the Carbohydrate Research Award for Creativity in Carbohydrate Science
by the European Carbohydrate Association. Also in 2003 he was elected
chairman for the 2005 Gordon Research Conference on Carbohydrates.
He serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry,
Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry, Glycoconjugate Journal,
and the European Journal of Organic Chemistry. In 2004, Dr. Boons received
the Horace Isbell Award by the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry of
the American Chemical Society and was appointed Franklin Professor
of Chemistry at the College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia.
Research by the Boons Group deals with the synthesis and biological
functions of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. The diverse topics to
which the group has made significant contributions include the develop-
ment of new and better methods for synthesizing exceptionally complex
molecules, the use of new methods in the synthesis and study of prop-
erties of complex carbohydrates of increasing size and complexity, the
development of synthetic cancer and bacterial vaccines, the design and
synthesis of glycosidase inhibitors, and the use of synthetic compounds
for the study of innate immunity.
Alan Darvill received his B.S. in plant biology in 1973 from Wolverhamp-
ton Polytechnic (England) and his Ph.D. in plant physiology in 1976 from
the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. He founded the Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center (CCRC), at the University of Georgia, with
Peter Albersheim in September 1985. Dr. Darvill is currently director of
the CCRC, director of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)funded Cen-
ter for Plant and Microbial Complex Carbohydrates, and the University of
Georgia's lead in the DOE-funded BioEnergy Science Center. In 2003, Dr.
Darvill was appointed Regents Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology and became a senior faculty fellow. He was elected chairman for
1994-1995 of the Carbohydrate Division of the American Chemical Society
and was appointed a member in 1993 and chairman in 1996 of the Martin
Gibbs Medal Committee of the American Society of Plant Physiologists.
He served on the editorial boards of Glycobiology and Plant Journal for Cell
and Molecular Biology. Dr. Darvill received the Outstanding Faculty Award
of the University of Georgia Chapter of the Golden Key National Honor
Society in 1995 and in 2010 was named a fellow of the American Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Science.
Gerald Hart is the DeLamar Professor and Director of Biological Chemis-
try at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He received his
Ph.D. in developmental biology from Kansas State University in 1977. His
laboratory studies the cross talk between dynamic GlcNAcylation and
phosphorylation of nucleocytoplasmic proteins in signaling, transcrip-
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APPENDIX A 163
tion, and cellular metabolism and the roles of abnormal GlcNAcylation
in diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer (oncogene and tumor
suppressor proteins, in particular). The laboratory is also focused on
developing improved methods (e.g., mass spectrometry and site-specific
antibodies) for the study of O-GlcNAc modification, some of which may
have diagnostic value. The lab described a major new form of protein gly-
cosylation (termed "O-GlcNAc") that is found in all multicellular organ-
isms, including plants, animals, and viruses that infect them. A major
research theme is to elucidate the biosynthesis, removal, attachment sites,
and functions of this novel posttranslational modification. In 2010, Dr.
Hart was named an honorary professor of Shanghai Medical College.
From 2009 to 2011 he was president of the International Glycoconjugate
Organization. He has received many honors and is a member of many
scientific organizations. He was also the founding editor-in-chief of the
journal Glycobiology.
Laura L. Kiessling received her B.S. in chemistry from the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and her Ph.D. in chemistry from Yale University.
After carrying out postdoctoral training in chemical biology at the Califor-
nia Institute of Technology, she returned in 1991 to Wisconsin, where she
was born, to begin her independent career at the University of Wisconsin-
Madison. Currently, she is a Hilldale Professor in the Departments of
Chemistry and Biochemistry and also the Laurens Anderson Professor
of Biochemistry. She serves as director of the Keck Center for Chemical
Genomics and as program director for the Chemistry-Biology Interface
Predoctoral Training Program. Her interdisciplinary research interests
focus on elucidating and exploiting the biological roles of oligosaccha-
rides and oligosaccharide conjugates in biological systems. Some exam-
ples of her contributions include a new approach to inhibiting cell wall
biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis to devising sugar-binding
surfaces to grow human embryonic stem cells. Dr. Kiessling serves on
several editorial boards and is editor-in-chief of the American Chemical
Society's Chemical Biology. She is a founder of Quintessence Biosciences,
Inc., in Madison, Wisconsin. Her honors and awards include Guggenheim
and MacArthur Foundation fellowships. She is a fellow of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the National Academy
of Sciences.
John Lowe joined Genentech, Inc., in 2008 as senior director of pathology.
Previously, he was a faculty member at Washington University in St. Louis
and the University of Michigan. Most recently, at Case Western Reserve
University, Dr. Lowe was chair of a large pathology department whose
missions included providing diagnostic laboratory and surgical pathol-
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164 APPENDIX A
ogy services in support of a 985-bed tertiary care hospital and several
other hospitals; educating medical school students, Ph.D. students, post-
doctoral fellows, and pathology residents; and managing a comprehen-
sive set of National Institutes of Healthfunded basic research programs
in immunity and neuroscience. His own research efforts prior to joining
Genentech focused primarily on discovering functions for cell surface gly-
cans in mammalian organisms, with particular relevance to the immune
system. His role as senior director of pathology at Genentech includes
opportunities to continue this research in an outstanding, disease-focused
scientific environment while also leading the growth and development
of scientific discovery and research support activities of the pathology
department at Genentech. These efforts will help Genentech continue to
make a major positive difference to the health and well-being of a large
number of people who have cancer, autoimmune syndromes, neurode-
generative diseases, and other illnesses for which therapies are unsatisfac-
tory or nonexistent.
Robert J. Moon is a materials research engineer with the Performance-
Enhanced Biopolymers Group of the U.S. Forest Service Forest Products
Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin, and an adjunct associate professor at
the School of Materials Engineering and a member of the Brick Nano-
technology Center at Purdue University. He received a B.S. in metallurgy
from the University of Wisconsin (1994) and an M.S. (1996) and a Ph.D.
(2000) in materials engineering from Purdue University. He completed his
postdoctoral research (2000-2005) at the School of Materials Science and
Engineering, University of New South Wales, Australia. His specialty is in
processing-structure-property relationships of layered, gradient, and hier-
archical structured materials and composites. In 2005, Dr. Moon joined the
Forest Products Laboratory and in 2007 was selected by the laboratory to
lead a collaborative research program with Purdue University that aims
to advance nanoscale science and engineering of forestry-based materials.
Dr. Moon has applied his expertise to the study of the role of hierarchi-
cal structures and interfaces on the mechanisms that dictate properties at
the nano-, meso-, and macrolength scales of cellulose nanomaterials and
their composites.
James C. Paulson is a professor in the Department of Chemical Physiol-
ogy and the Department of Molecular Biology at Scripps Research Insti-
tute. He is also a principal investigator for the Consortium of Functional
Glycomics; a member of the scientific advisory board for the Boston Uni-
versity Mass Spectrometry Resource; a co-chair of the Human Glycomics/
Proteomics Initiative; and a scientific advisor to Nexbio, Institute for
Biological Sciences, Neose Technologies, Inc., and the Alberta Ingenu-
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APPENDIX A 165
ity Center for Carbohydrate Science. He is an honorary member of the
American Society for Clinical Investigation; a member of the editorial
board of Glycobiology; and a member of the American Chemical Society,
the American Society of Biological Chemists, and the Society for Com-
plex Carbohydrates. Before joining Scripps, Dr. Paulson worked at Cytel
Corporation (1990-1999) and the University of California at Los Angeles
School of Medicine (1978-1990). He received his Ph.D. in biochemistry
from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champagne, in 1974. He holds
numerous patents and has published over 230 scientific papers. His cur-
rent research focuses on the roles of glycan-binding proteins that mediate
cellular processes central to immune regulation and human diseases. He
works at the interface of biology and chemistry to understand how the
interaction of glycan-binding proteins with their ligands mediates cell-cell
interactions, endocytosis, and cell signaling.
Ram Sasisekharan is Alfred H. Caspary Professor of Biological Engineer-
ing in the David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a principal investigator in the
Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group of the SMART Cen-
tre in Singapore. In addition to developing analytical tools to study gly-
cans, Dr. Sasisekharan's group was the first to conduct detailed studies of
a class of glycan-degrading enzymes that were revealed to be critical tools
to uncover fundamental biological roles of glycans in diseases including
cancer, cardiovascular biology, and infectious diseases. Dr. Sasisekharan
has published over 150 manuscripts and filed 70 United States patents and
patent applications. He was a founder of Momenta Pharmaceuticals and
served as a Director through September 2010. The company was founded
in 2001 based on Dr. Sasisekharan's glycan sequencing platform, and the
company has since leveraged this technology to produce the first biosimi-
lar low molecular weight heparin. In 2005 he founded Cerulean Pharma-
ceuticals, which focuses on combination therapy using nanotechnology.
In 2008 he founded Visterra Inc. with a focus on infectious diseases,
and he currently serves on the board of this early-stage, venture-backed
company. Dr. Sasisekharan is a consultant to and serves on the advisory
boards of multiple biotechnology companies, venture funds, and non-
profit institutions involved in the translation of life-sciences innovation.
He obtained his bachelor's degree in physical sciences from Bangalore
University and Ph.D. in medical sciences from Harvard Medical School.
Ajit P. Varki received basic training in physiology, medicine, biology, and
biochemistry at Christian Medical College (Vellore, India), the University
of Nebraska, and Washington University in St. Louis. He also has formal
training and certification in internal medicine, hematology, and oncology.
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166 APPENDIX A
He is now distinguished professor of medicine and cellular and molecu-
lar medicine and co-director of the Glycobiology Research and Training
Center at the University of California, San Diego. Dr. Varki is also execu-
tive editor of the textbook Essentials of Glycobiology. He is a founder and
co-director of the UCSD Center for Academic Research and Training in
Anthropogeny. He has served as chief editor of the Journal of Clinical Inves-
tigation. Dr. Varki is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences, Institute of Medicine, American Society for Clinical Investi-
gation, and Association of American Physicians. Dr. Varki has received a
MERIT Award from the National Institutes of Health, an American Cancer
Society Faculty Research Award, the Karl Meyer Award of the Society for
Glycobiology, and the International Glycoconjugate Organization Award.
He serves on the National Chimpanzee Observatory Working Group and
on the editorial board of Glycobiology. He is a specialist advisor to the
Human Gene Nomenclature Committee. His research interests currently
focus on the family of sugar molecules called sialic acids and their roles
in biology, evolution, and disease. Active projects are relevant to the roles
of sialic acids in viral and bacterial infectivity, regulation of the immune
response, initiation and progression of tumors, and unique aspects of
human evolution. The lab is particularly intrigued to find multiple differ-
ences in sialic acid biology between humans and our closest evolutionary
cousins, the great apes. These differences are a signature of the multiple
cellular and molecular events that occurred during the past few mil-
lion years of human evolution and are relevant to understanding several
aspects of the current human condition, both in health and disease.
Chi-Huey Wong received his Ph.D. in chemistry from the Massachu-
setts Institute of Technology and completed a postdoctoral fellowship
at Harvard University in 1983. Currently, Dr. Wong is president of Aca-
demia Sinica (Taipei, Taiwan) and a professor of chemistry at the Scripps
Research Institute. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences
and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has served on the
National Research Council Board on Chemical Sciences and Technol-
ogy and has held advisory positions in industry and academia. He has
received more than 20 awards for his scientific work. His main research
interests are in chemical biology and synthetic chemistry, including
synthesis of complex carbohydrates, glycoproteins, and small-molecule
probes for the study of posttranslational glycosylation and carbohydrate-
mediated biological recognition.
