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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
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G


Conference Bibliometric Data

TABLE G-1 Conference Statistics

Papers Authors
1996 2001 2006 2011 1996 2001 2006 2011
ASPLOS 25 24# 41 32 99 82 169 152
ECOOP 21 18 25 26 47 48 64 86
Eurographics 43 52 44 35 112 145 151 140
HPCA 29 26 29 46 79 89 107 182
ISCA 28 23 31 40 94 74 124 181
IEDM 206 220# 226 219 1135 1921 2391 2020
ISSCC 155 165 253 211 1078 1237 1691 1622
MICRO 30 29 42 44 81 98 181 177
NANO - - - 409 - - - 1488
OOPSLA 26 27 26 61 75 78 96 216
OSDI 19 22* 27 32 62 83 127 152
PLDI 28 30 36 55 73 80 127 216
POPL 34 26 36 49 67 45 93 149
PPoPP 25+ 14 26 26 68 40 97 104
SC 54 58 54 74 180 208 273 370
SIGGRAPH 58 64 87 115 163 213 322 447
SOSP 23+ 17 25± 28 99 58 123 154
VLDB 48 59 78 104 141 109 266 386
WWW 58 78 84 81 136 247 276 295
4,719 Papers Analyzed 23,859 Authors Analyzed

Conferences analyzed in adjacent years are marked as follows: + held in 1997; * held in 2000; # held in 2002; ± held in 2007; and held in 2010

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
×

TABLE G-2 Advanced Semiconductor and Nanoscale Devices and Circuits Conferences (Weighted Percent Share of Papers)

ISSCC 1996 2001 2006 2011   IEDM 1996 2002 2006 2011   NANO 2011
   held in: USA USA USA USA      held in: USA USA USA USA      held in: USA
USA 46.6 51.1 45.2 36.4   USA 39.3 40.6 34.2 37.9   USA 56.8
China - - 1.5 2.0   China 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.6   China 1.5
Hong Kong - 1.2 - -   Hong Kong 0.6 0.5 - 0.8   Hong Kong 0.1
India - - - 0.9   India 0.2 0.2 0.6 -   India 2.7
Japan 27.7 18.6 15.8 12.4   Japan 34.4 24.5 21.1 16.9   Japan 6.9
Korea 3.9 4.7 6.1 10.4   Korea 6.3 8.1 9.4 7.5   Korea 4.7
Singapore - 0.5 0.8 0.2   Singapore - 1.7 4.5 3.0   Malaysia 0.2
Taiwan 0.6 0.1 7.0 6.7   Taiwan 2.4 5.0 4.5 8.2   Taiwan 6.1
Austria - - 2.3 1.0   Austria - 0.4 0.6 1.1   France 0.6
Belgium 1.0 5.5 1.5 3.5   Belgium 1.5 3.0 6.4 6.4   Germany 3.6
Denmark - 0.6 0.6 0.1   Finland - 0.1 - -   Italy 1.2
Finland - 1.2 0.1 -   France 3.4 2.3 4.4 6.0   Netherlands 0.6
France 0.9 0.8 1.0 3.4   Germany 3.0 5.4 3.7 1.7   Norway 1.0
Germany 4.2 4.4 5.3 5.3   Ireland - 0.5 - -   Poland 0.9
Greece - 0.1 0.4 -   Italy 3.9 3.4 2.8 3.7   Russia 0.5
Ireland 0.6 - - 0.2   Liechtenstein - 0.1 - -   Spain 0.5
Italy 2.9 - 3.4 2.9   Netherlands 1.9 1.7 1.7 0.7   Switzerland 0.2
Netherlands 2.0 4.0 3.1 7.3   Poland - - 0.1 -   Turkey 0.1
Norway - 0.1 - 0.2   Spain - 0.4 0.5 0.5   UK 3.7
Portugal - - 0.7 0.3   Sweden - - 0.5 0.5   Iran 0.2
Spain 0.3 - - -   Switzerland 2.1 0.8 2.2 0.6   Lebanon 0.2
Sweden 0.7 - 1.0 0.4   UK - - 1.7 1.9   Pakistan 0.1
Switzerland 4.3 2.7 1.9 1.6   Israel - - .1 -   UAE 1.6
Turkey - 0.1 - -   Canada 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.1   S. Africa 0.5
UK 0.8 0.8 0.6 2.3               Australia 0.7
Israel - 0.6 0.2 0.6     Regional Distribution   Brazil 0.2
Canada 3.4 2.2 1.4 1.8   USA 39.3 40.6 34.2 37.9   Colombia 0.2
Australia - 0.6 - -   Asia 44.4 40.5 40.6 39.0   Canada 4.2
            Europe 15.8 17.9 24.6 23.0      
  Regional Distribution   Other 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.1     Regional Distribution
USA 46.6 51.1 45.2 36.4                
Asia 32.2 25.1 31.2 32.6               USA 56.8
Europe 17.8 20.4 21.9 28.5               Asia 22.4
Other 3.4 3.4 1.7 2.5               Europe 12.8
                        Other 8.1
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
×

TABLE G-3 Advanced Architecture Conferences (Weighted Percent Share of Papers)

ASPLOS 1996 2002 2006 2011   HPCA 1996 2001 2006 2011
   held in: USA USA USA USA      held in: USA Mexico USA USA
USA 79.5 95.1 90.7 83.3   USA 67.4 83.7 89.5 88.5
Japan 1.6 4.2 2.4 -   China - - - 2.4
Korea - - - 1.6   Hong Kong 3.4 - - -
Belgium - - 1.2 -   India - - 5.2 1.4
Denmark - - - 0.5   Japan 3.4 - - -
France 6.0 - - 2.6   Belgium - 3.8 - -
Germany - - 2.4 3.1   France - 3.8 - 2.7
Norway 0.8 - - -   Germany 0.7 - - -
Spain - 0.7 - -   Greece 3.4 - - -
Switzerland - - - 3.1   Spain 3.4 7.7 2.8 1.3
UK - - 0.3 -   Sweden 6.9 - - -
Australia - - - 5.0   Switzerland - - - 1.4
Brazil 3.3 - - -   UK 4.1 - - -
Canada 8.8 - 2.4 0.8   Australia 1.4 - - -
Jordan - - 0.5 -   Canada 5.7 1.0 - 2.2
            Israel - - 2.6 -
  Regional Distribution            
USA 79.5 95.1 90.7 83.3     Regional Distribution
Asia 1.6 4.2 2.4 1.6   USA 67.4 83.7 89.5 88.5
Europe 6.8 0.7 4.0 9.4   Asia 6.9 - 5.2 3.9
Other 12.1 - 2.9 5.8   Europe 18.6 15.4 2.8 5.4
            Other 7.1 1.0 2.6 2.2

 

MICRO 1996 2001 2006 2011   ISCA 1996 2001 2006 2011
   held in: France USA USA Brazil      held in: USA Sweden USA USA
USA 90.0 86.2 88.3 83.0   USA 82.4 93.1 94.9 87.6
India - - 2.9 -   China - - - 4.2
Japan - 3.4 - -   India - - - 0.8
Korea - - - 5.3   Japan 3.6 - 2.4 -
Singapore - - - 0.6   Korea - 0.7 - 2.9
France - - 2.4 2.3   France 7.1 - - 1.3
Greece - - - 1.4   Italy - - - 2.5
Spain 3.3 6.9 0.8 0.9   Spain 2.4 6.2 - -
Switzerland - - - 1.5   UK - - 1.2 -
UK 3.3 - - 2.7   Canada 4.5 - 1.5 0.8
Canada 3.3 3.4 3.2 2.3            
Israel - - 2.4 -     Regional Distribution
            USA 82.4 93.1 94.9 87.6
  Regional Distribution   Asia 3.6 0.7 2.4 7.9
USA 90.0 86.2 88.3 83.0   Europe 9.5 6.2 1.2 3.8
Asia - 3.4 2.9 6.0   Other 4.5 - 1.5 0.8
Europe 6.7 6.9 3.2 8.8            
Other 3.3 3.4 5.6 2.3            
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
×

TABLE G-4 Advanced Programming Systems Conferences (Weighted Percent Share of Papers)

ECOOP 1996 2001 2006 2011   OOPSLA 1996 2001 2006 2011   PLDI 1996 2001 2006 2011
   held in: Austria Hungary France UK      held in: USA USA USA USA      held in: USA USA Canada USA
USA 26.2 38.0 56.3 30.3   USA 56.4 58.6 52.1 53.1   USA 86.3 93.3 79.0 75.1
China - - - 3.1   China - - - 0.8   China - - 0.6 1.2
India - - - 3.8   Hong Kong - - 3.8 -   India - - - 3.9
Japan 4.8 5.6 4.0 -   India - - - 2.0   Japan - - 4.2 3.6
Belgium - 3.7 8.0 -   Japan 3.8 11.1 3.8 3.3   Singapore - - - 1.8
Denmark 7.1 5.6 4.0 3.8   Korea - - - 1.1   Austria - - 0.9 -
France 14.3 16.7 - -   Singapore - - 3.8 1.6   Denmark - 3.3 - -
Germany 23.8 - - 19.2   Austria - - - 0.7   France - - - 2.2
Ireland - - - 2.2   Belgium - - 3.8 -   Germany 5.4 - 2.4 1.8
Italy - 7.4 1.0 -   Czech Republic 3.8 - - -   Ireland - - 1.9 -
Netherlands 6.3 3.7 - -   Denmark - 1.2 - 0.9   Italy 1.8 - - 1.8
Norway - 5.6 - -   Estonia - - - 0.4   Spain - - 0.6 -
Sweden 3.2 - - -   France 11.5 - - 0.8   UK 3.6 - 2.0 4.9
Switzerland 7.1 - 3.0 13.5   Germany 7.7 7.4 8.5 7.4   Australia - - 1.9 -
UK - - 13.0 7.7   Italy - 3.7 - 1.6   Canada 3.0 - 1.1 1.5
Australia 2.4 1.9 4.0 -   Netherlands 6.7 - 3.8 3.3   Israel - 3.3 5.6 2.0
Canada - 0.9 1.3 5.1   Portugal - - - 0.3            
Chile - - - 8.7   Romania 1.0 - - -     Regional Distribution
Israel 4.8 5.6 - -   Switzerland - 8.6 - 9.9   USA 86.3 93.3 79.0 75.1
New Zealand - 5.6 5.3 2.6   UK 3.8 - 14.7 4.7   Asia - - 4.7 10.6
            Australia - - 0.2 1.0   Europe 12.3 3.3 7.8 10.7
  Regional Distribution   Brazil 1.3 - - -   Other 3.0 3.3 8.5 3.5
USA 26.2 38.0 56.3 30.3   Canada - 3.7 - 1.6            
Asia 4.8 5.6 4.0 6.9   Chile - - 1.3 0.3            
Europe 61.9 42.6 29.0 46.4   Israel 3.8 5.6 3.8 5.2            
Other 7.1 13.9 10.7 16.3                        
              Regional Distribution            
            USA 56.4 58.6 52.1 53.1            
            Asia 3.8 11.1 11.5 8.8            
            Europe 34.6 21.0 31.0 30.0            
            Other 5.1 9.3 5.4 8.1            
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
×
POPL 1996 2001 2006 2011   PPoPP 1997 2001 2006 2011
   held in: USA UK USA USA      held in: USA USA USA USA
USA 54.4 44.2 58.3 43.5   USA 82.1 80.0 88.3 75.9
China - - 2.4 -   China - - 2.6 3.8
Japan 2.0 3.8 - 0.5   India - - - 0.8
Korea - - 1.9 1.0   Japan 4.0 7.1 - -
Austria - - - 1.0   Korea - - - 3.8
Belgium - - - 2.0   France 8.0 - 1.0 -
Denmark 4.9 1.3 0.9 3.1   Germany 1.6 - - 3.8
France 5.9 9.6 12.0 9.9   Greece - - 1.0 3.8
Germany 5.4 5.8 0.9 11.6   Netherlands - 12.9 - -
Italy 2.9 1.9 - -   Portugal - - - 3.8
Netherlands - - 0.5 -   Spain - - 0.5 -
Sweden - - 6.9 1.0   Brazil 2.7 - - -
Switzerland 2.9 3.8 5.6 0.3   Canada 1.6 - 6.7 -
Turkey - - - 0.5   Israel - - - 3.8
UK 14.7 19.2 7.9 16.6   Saudi Arabia - - - 0.3
Israel 1.0 9.0 - 3.4            
Australia - 1.3 2.8 2.0     Regional Distribution
Canada 5.9 - - 3.4   USA 82.1 80.0 88.3 75.9
            Asia 4.0 7.1 2.6 8.5
  Regional Distribution   Europe 9.6 12.9 2.4 11.5
USA 54.4 44.2 58.3 43.5   Other 4.3 - 6.7 4.1
Asia 2.0 3.8 4.2 1.5            
Europe 36.8 41.7 34.7 46.1            
Other 6.9 10.3 2.8 8.8            
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
×

TABLE G-5 Advanced Applications Conferences (Weighted Percent Share of Papers)

Eurographics 1996 2001 2006 2011   OSDI 1996 2000 2006 2010
   held in: UK UK Austria UK      held in: USA USA USA Canada
USA 12.4 14.9 23.2 32.3   USA 89.5 86.4 94.8 86.8
China - - 4.5 7.6   Japan - - - 0.9
Hong Kong - - - 2.3   Korea - 4.5 - -
Japan 4.7 15.4 6.8 1.0   France - 4.5 - -
Korea - 1.9 3.8 2.9   Germany - - - 2.8
Taiwan 2.3 1.9 2.3 -   Portugal 5.3 - 0.7 -
Austria 9.3 5.8 - 2.1   Spain - 4.5 - -
Denmark 2.3 - - -   UK - - - 0.8
Finland 2.3 - 2.3 -   Australia - - - 3.1
France 32.6 9.6 10.2 6.3   Canada 5.3 - 3.7 3.1
Germany 8.1 18.9 28.0 24.0   Israel - - 0.7 2.4
Hungary - 1.9 - 2.9            
Italy - 1.9 - -     Regional Distribution
Netherlands 1.7 - - -   USA 89.5 86.4 94.8 86.8
Poland - - - 0.6   Asia - 4.5 - 0.9
Russia - 3.2 - -   Europe 5.3 9.1 0.7 3.6
Spain 2.3 1.4 - 2.4   Other 5.3 - 4.4 8.7
Sweden - - - 1.0
Switzerland 2.3 8.7 - 1.9
UK 4.7 3.8 8.7 1.9   SC 1996 2001 2006 2011
Australia - - 0.8 -      held in: USA USA USA USA
Brazil - - 0.5 -   USA 84.4 73.1 88.7 80.4
Canada 4.7 2.9 7.6 8.1   China - - 1.9 2.3
Israel 7.9 5.8 1.4 2.9   India - - 1.9 0.3
S. Africa 2.3 1.9 - -   Japan 6.2 7.2 1.4 4.7
            Korea 2.0 - - 0.6
  Regional Distribution   Taiwan - 1.7 - 1.0
USA 12.4 14.9 23.2 32.3   Austria - 2.9 - 1.9
Asia 7.0 19.2 17.4 13.7   Belgium - - - 1.4
Europe 65.7 55.3 49.2 43.0   Czech Republic - 0.6 - -
Other 14.9 10.6 10.2 11.0   France - - 1.9 3.3
  Germany 1.2 2.5 1.9 0.7
  Ireland - - - 0.2
  Italy 1.9 1.7 - -
  Netherlands - - - 0.5
  Spain 3.7 4.0 1.9 0.5
  Sweden - 1.7 - -
  Switzerland 0.6 - - 0.8
  UK - 3.3 0.6 -
  Australia - 1.3 - -
  Saudi Arabia - - - 1.4
    Regional Distribution
  USA 84.4 73.1 88.7 80.4
  Asia 8.2 8.9 5.1 9.0
  Europe 7.4 16.7 6.2 9.2
  Other - 1.3 - 1.4
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
×
SIGGRAPH 1996 2001 2006 2011   SOSP 1997 2001 2007 2011
   held in: USA USA USA Canada      held in: France Canada USA Portugal
USA 83.6 63.8 66.8 52.7   USA 96.5 94.4 87.7 92.2
China - 1.6 5.8 5.0   China - - - 4.2
Hong Kong - - 2.3 2.1   Germany - - 9.1 -
Japan 5.2 7.8 3.6 1.3   Switzerland 3.5 - 3.2 0.9
Korea - - 1.1 1.6   UK   5.6    
Singapore - - - 0.8   Canada - - - 2.0
Taiwan 1.7 - 1.1 0.9   Israel - - - 0.7
Austria - - 0.9 -            
Belgium - - 0.6 0.4     Regional Distribution
Finland - - 1.1 -   USA 96.5 94.4 87.7 92.2
France - 3.6 1.1 4.7   Asia - - - 4.2
Germany 0.9 8.6 7.2 10.0   Europe 3.5 5.6 12.3 0.9
Greece - - - 0.1   Other - - - 2.8
Spain - - - 0.2            
Sweden - - 1.1 1.6            
Switzerland 1.7 - 1.1 2.0            
UK - 0.9 1.8 4.1            
Australia - 0.7 - -            
Brazil - 0.5 - 1.1            
Canada 6.9 12.5 2.0 5.5            
Israel - - 2.1 5.3            
Saudi Arabia - - - 0.5            
  Regional Distribution            
USA 83.6 63.8 66.8 52.7            
Asia 6.9 9.4 14.0 11.8            
Europe 2.6 13.1 15.1 23.2            
Other 6.9 13.7 4.1 12.4            
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
×
VLDB 1996 2001 2006 2011   WWW 1996 2001 2006 2011
   held in: India Italy Korea USA      held in: France China UK India
USA 57.6 54.4 62.8 53.8   USA 49.1 54.0 50.9 72.5
China - - - 4.3   China - 0.9 4.7 5.4
Hong Kong - 1.7 3.8 5.4   Hong Kong - - 2.0 0.2
India 4.2 1.7 2.8 0.9   India - 2.3 4.5 2.2
Japan 4.2 3.4 1.3 -   Japan 1.7 0.4 4.8 -
Korea - 3.4 - 1.5   Singapore - 1.3 0.4 0.2
Taiwan - - 1.3 0.7   Taiwan 1.7 1.3 - -
Singapore 2.1 6.4 2.6 2.9   Austria - - 1.2 1.4
Austria - 1.1 - -   Belgium - - 1.2 -
Belgium - - 0.6 -   Czech Repub 1.7 - 1.2 -
Denmark 0.7 - - 1.8   Denmark - 1.3 - -
Finland 2.1 - - -   France 12.1 0.6 - -
France 8.3 5.9 1.3 1.0   Germany 7.8 4.5 5.9 2.2
Germany 7.3 8.8 5.9 4.8   Greece 3.4 1.3 - 1.0
Greece - 1.7 1.3 1.3   Hungary - - 1.2 -
Italy 4.2 1.7 2.6 3.4   Ireland - - 1.2 -
Netherlands 2.1 - 0.3 -   Italy 4.3 3.8 3.9 4.5
Norway - 1.7 - 1.0   Netherlands 1.7 4.1 0.3 -
Sweden - - - 1.0   Portugal - - 0.2 -
Switzerland 2.1 1.7 1.3 2.0   Russia - 1.3 - -
UK - 1.7 2.9 3.1   Spain - 1.3 1.2 0.2
Australia 2.1 - 0.3 0.7   Sweden 1.7 2.1 - -
Brazil - - - 1.0   Switzerland - 1.3 - 1.6
Canada 3.1 3.1 7.7 7.5   UK 6.0 6.3 8.9 1.5
Israel - 1.7 1.3 1.6   Australia 1.7 3.0 1.2 -
Qatar - - - 0.2   Argentina - 0.4 - -
            Brazil - 1.1 0.5 -
  Regional Distribution   Canada 3.4 2.0 2.4 4.5
USA 57.6 54.4 62.8 53.8   Chile - - - 0.8
Asia 10.4 16.5 11.8 15.8   S. Africa - 1.3 - -
Europe 26.7 24.3 16.1 19.3   Israel 1.7 4.2 2.4 1.5
Other 5.2 4.7 9.3 11.0   New Zealand 1.7 - - -
              Regional Distribution
            USA 49.1 54.0 50.9 72.5
            Asia 3.4 6.2 16.3 8.0
            Europe 38.8 27.8 26.4 12.6
            Other 8.6 12.0 6.4 6.9
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
×
Page 89
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
×
Page 90
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
×
Page 91
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
×
Page 92
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
×
Page 93
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
×
Page 94
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
×
Page 95
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Conference Bibliometric Data." National Research Council. 2012. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13472.
×
Page 96
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Computing and information and communications technology (ICT) has dramatically changed how we work and live, has had profound effects on nearly every sector of society, has transformed whole industries, and is a key component of U.S. global leadership. A fundamental driver of advances in computing and ICT has been the fact that the single-processor performance has, until recently, been steadily and dramatically increasing year over years, based on a combination of architectural techniques, semiconductor advances, and software improvements. Users, developers, and innovators were able to depend on those increases, translating that performance into numerous technological innovations and creating successive generations of ever more rich and diverse products, software services, and applications that had profound effects across all sectors of society. However, we can no longer depend on those extraordinary advances in single-processor performance continuing. This slowdown in the growth of single-processor computing performance has its roots in fundamental physics and engineering constraints--multiple technological barriers have converged to pose deep research challenges, and the consequences of this shift are deep and profound for computing and for the sectors of the economy that depend on and assume, implicitly or explicitly, ever-increasing performance. From a technology standpoint, these challenges have led to heterogeneous multicore chips and a shift to alternate innovation axes that include, but are not limited to, improving chip performance, mobile devices, and cloud services. As these technical shifts reshape the computing industry, with global consequences, the United States must be prepared to exploit new opportunities and to deal with technical challenges. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security outlines the technical challenges, describe the global research landscape, and explore implications for competition and national security.

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