INTELLIGENT
HUMAN-MACHINE
COLLABORATION
Summary of a Workshop
Ethan N. Chiang and Patricia S. Wrightson
Rapporteurs
Board on Global Science and Technology
Policy and Global Affairs
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract No. HHM402-10-D-0036 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Department of Defense. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR THE WORKSHOP ON INTELLIGENT HUMAN-MACHINE COLLABORATION
JEFFREY M. BRADSHAW (Chair), Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition
DIANNE CHONG, The Boeing Company
GAL KAMINKA, Bar-Ilan University
GEERT-JAN KRUIJFF, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz (DFKI)
BRIAN WILLIAMS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Principal Project Staff
WILLIAM O. BERRY, Director
ETHAN N. CHIANG, Program Officer
PATRICIA S. WRIGHTSON, Associate Director
BOARD ON GLOBAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
RUTH DAVID, Analytic Services, Inc. (Chair)
HAMIDEH AFSARMANESH, University of Amsterdam
KATY BÖRNER, Indiana University Bloomington
JEFFREY BRADSHAW, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition
DIANNE CHONG, The Boeing Company
JARED COHON, Carnegie Mellon University
ERIC HASELTINE, Haseltine Partners, LLC
JOHN HENNESSEY, Stanford University
NAN JOKERST, Duke University
PETER KOLCHINSKY, RA Capital Management, LLC
CHEN-CHING LIU, Washington State University
KIN MUN LYE, Singapore’s Agency for Science, Technology and Research
BERNARD MEYERSON, IBM Corporation
KENNETH OYE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
NEELA PATEL, Abbott Laboratories
DANIEL REED, Microsoft Corporation
DAVID REJESKI, Woodrow Wilson Center
Staff
WILLIAM O. BERRY, Director
ETHAN N. CHIANG, Program Officer
NEERAJ GORKHALY, Research Associate
PATRICIA S. WRIGHTSON, Associate Director
Preface
The Workshop on Intelligent Human-Machine Collaboration was organized by a planning committee whose role was limited to identification of topics and speakers. During its deliberations, the planning committee focused on topics that addressed the challenges and opportunities presented by intelligent collaboration between humans and machines. In acknowledging that interpretations of “intelligent” and “collaboration” vary among different scientific communities, the planning committee sought workshop participants from a range of science and engineering disciplines relevant to human-machine collaboration. Throughout the workshop, participants were not asked to arrive at consensus on any issue but, to explore human-machine collaboration issues from diverse disciplinary and cultural perspectives.
As such, the selected workshop topics and subsequent discussions were not intended to provide comprehensive coverage of all research efforts in the field of human-computer or human-robot interaction, but to glean insights into the research challenges and opportunities presented by intelligent humanmachine collaboration in dynamic and unstructured environments.
The present summary was prepared by the rapporteurs as a factual summary of the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. Statements and opinions expressed are those of individual presenters and participants and are not necessarily endorsed or verified by the National Academies, and they should not be construed as reflecting any group consensus.
Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Academies’ Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for quality and objectivity. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Henrik Christensen, Georgia Institute of Technology; Michael Goodrich, Brigham Young University; Paul Maglio, University of California; and Branko Sarh, The Boeing Company.
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the report, nor did they see the final draft before its release. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the institution.
