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Appendix A
Survey Questions About Migration
and Border Crossing
This appendix provides examples of questions about migration and
border crossing that are asked in the surveys discussed in Chapters 3 and
4.1
American Community Survey (ACS) and Current Population Survey (CPS)
• In what country was this person born?
[There is a drop-down list of precoded countries. If the United
States, skip to country of birth of parents. If Puerto Rico or outly-
ing area, skip to country of birth of parents and then go to year of
entry.]
• Were you born a citizen of the United States? [Yes or no.]
[Asked if born outside of the United States, Puerto Rico, or in an
outlying area—except if both parents were born in the United States,
Puerto Rico, or in an outlying area.]
• Did you become a citizen of the United States through naturaliza-
tion? [Yes or no.]
[For people who report being U.S. citizens but were born outside the
United States.]
• Did you become a citizen of the United States through naturaliza-
tion? [Yes or no.]2
1
The panel was unable to obtain relevant migration and border crossing questions from the
Mexican Family Life Survey.
2
The CPS does not ask for year of naturalization, but the ACS does.
125
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126 ESTIMATING ILLEGAL ENTRIES AT THE U.S.–MEXICO BORDER
• When did you come to live in the United States?
[For anyone who reported being born outside the United States.]
SOURCES: http://www.census.gov/acs/www/methodology/questionnaire_
archive/ and http://www.census.gov/cps/methodology/questions.html.
Mexican Census—Basic Questionnaire (2010)
Individual questionnaire. Questions on migration:
• For all individuals in the household: In what state of Mexico or in
what country was (NAME) born?
o the state of residence
In
o other state
In
o the United States
In
o other country (specify)
In
• For all individuals 5 years and older in the household: Five years
ago, in June 2005, in what state of Mexico or in what country was
(NAME) living?
o the same state
In
o other state
In
o the United States
In
o other country (specify)
In
Mexican Census Sample—Long Questionnaire (2010)
Individual questionnaire. Questions on migration:
• (Same as basic questionnaire)
Special module on international migration:
• During the last 5 years, that is, from June 2005 up to today, has
somebody currently living with you or who lived with you (in this
dwelling) left to live in another country? [Yes or No.]
• How many people?
• For each person mentioned:
o hen (NAME) left the last time, was he/she living with you?
W
[Yes or No.]
o Gender of (NAME)
o of (NAME) when he/she left the last time (in years)
Age
o what month and year did (NAME) go to live in another coun-
In
try the last time?
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APPENDIX A 127
o what state of Mexico was (NAME) living when he/she left the
In
last time?
o o what country did (NAME) go?
T
§ United States
§ Another country (specify)
o (NAME) is currently living:
§ the United States
In
§ another country
In
§ Mexico
In
• In what month and year did (NAME) return to Mexico?
• Is (NAME) currently living here, in this dwelling? [Yes or No.]
Other migration information:
• For all people in the household 12 years and older:
o Does (NAME) receive money from?
§ Government programs
§ Pension
§ Other people who live abroad
§ Other people who live in Mexico
§ Other sources
SOURCE: http://www.censo2010.org.mx/ (Translated from Spanish by the
panel.)
National Survey of Occupation and Employment (ENOE)
No migration questions included in the first interview. For the subse-
quent interviews (four rounds), based on the household roster from the first
interview, the questionnaire asks:
• I will mention all the people that were living in this household in the
prior interview:
o Indicate if they still live here.
o there somebody else living here that is part of the household?
Is
• For those who left:
o What was the reason why (NAME) left?
§ Work
§ Study
§ Marriage or start of a union
§ Separation or divorce
§ Health problems
§ Meet with family
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128 ESTIMATING ILLEGAL ENTRIES AT THE U.S.–MEXICO BORDER
§ Insecurity
§ Dead
§ Other
o what state of Mexico or country did (NAME) go?
To
§ Same state
§ Other state
§ Other country
• For new arrivals:
o What was the reason why (NAME) moved in?
§ Work
§ Study
§ Marriage or start of a union
§ Separation or divorce
§ Health problems
§ Meet with family
§ Insecurity
§ Newborn
§ Missed in the prior round
§ Other
o Where did (NAME) come from?
§ Same state
§ Other state
§ Other country
Short questionnaire (administered to all household members 12 years and
older):
• For those not occupied:
o ave you tried to look for a job in another country or have you
H
prepared to cross the border?
o last time you lost your job, what was your situation?
The
o Returned or was deported from the United States
• For those working:
o uring the last 3 months, have you tried to look for a job in
D
another country or have you prepared to cross the border?
Long questionnaire (administered to a random sample of household mem-
bers 12 years and older):
(Aside from the questions included in the short questionnaire)
• For those working:
o Did you move from another city or community to get or keep
your current job?
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APPENDIX A 129
o what state or country were you living before this change of
In
residence?
• For all members:
o the last 3 months have you received economic support from
In
somebody who lives or works in another country?
SOURCE: http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/encuestas/
hogares/regulares/enoe/default.aspx (Translated from Spanish by the panel.)
Mexican National Survey of Population Dynamics
(ENADID, 2006 and 2009 cross-sections)
For each individual living in the household at the time of the survey, provide
information on:
• If the person lived in the United States a year prior to the survey, and
the month/year of his/her return
• If the person lived in the United States 5 years prior to the survey
For each (“regular” or habitual) household member 5 years prior to the
survey (whether or not the person is living in the household at the time of
the survey), information on:
• Whether the person emigrated to the United States in the 5 years
prior to the survey and, for those who did:
o onth/year of emigration
M
o .S. state of destination
U
o .S. immigration documentation that the person carried on his/
U
her last trip (within this time period)
o onth/year of return from the United States (if applicable)
M
o returned to Mexico, if the person is still part of the household
If
o ain reason for emigrating to the United States (only in 2006)
M
SOURCES: 2006 ENADID questionnaire, available at http://sinais.salud.
gob.mx/demograficos/enadid/cuestionarios.html (April 4, 2012) and
2009 ENADID questionnaire, available at http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/
contenidos/Proyectos/encuestas/hogares/especiales/Enadid/Default.aspx
(April 4, 2012). (Translated from Spanish by the panel.)
Survey of Migration at the Northern Border (EMIF-N)
• Are you thinking of crossing to the other side? Are you thinking of
doing it in the next 30 days?
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130 ESTIMATING ILLEGAL ENTRIES AT THE U.S.–MEXICO BORDER
• Through which Mexican city are you going to cross? Principally,
why did you choose this city to cross? Did you or will you contract
with a person (coyote, guide, smuggler, etc.) to help you cross the
border?
• Where did you contract with the person to help you cross the bor-
der? How much did you agree to pay?
• Do you have documents to cross? Which documents do you have?
Since when have you had them?
• Do you have documents to work?
• PAST TRIPS: In total, how many times have you crossed to the
United States to work or look for work? What was the first time?
What was the last time? In what month and year was the last time
that you crossed to the United States? Through which city did you
cross? On that occasion, did you have some type of document to
cross to the United States? Did you carry some type of document
to work? Did you contract with someone to help you cross the
border? Where did you contract with that person?
SOURCE: http://www.colef.net/emif/ (Translated from Spanish by the
panel.)
Mexican Migration Project (MMP)
Information about each undocumented border crossings of household head
or another migrant from the household:
• Year of crossing
• Crossing place (city and state in Mexico)
• Crossed with whom
• Used coyote? How much paid? Who paid?
• Number of deportations
• Successful crossing?
SOURCE: Table K in http://mmp.opr.princeton.edu/databases/pdf%20
surveys/MMP%20Ethnosurvey%20Version%20V%20Applied%20
from%202007%20to%202011.pdf.
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APPENDIX A 131
Mexican Migration Field Research Project (MMFRP)3
2011-2012
• For first and last trips, questions about:
o Destination country and state
o Year of arrival
o Length of stay (months)
o Occupation at destination
o Position at work
• Have you ever been to or tried to go to the United States to live or
work?
• Were you caught on your last trip across the border? Were you able
to cross?
• Did you pass a checkpoint?
• How did you go through the checkpoint?
• Attempting to cross, have you been a witness to or victim of violence
by:
o coyote?
A
o Immigration officer?
o Mexican police?
o Mexican army?
o Other?
• Currently, how hard do you think it is to evade immigration officers?
• Currently, how dangerous do you think it is to evade immigration
officers?
• Do you personally know someone who died trying to cross the
border?
• Now I will show you some pictures. Of the things shown in these
drawings, which are the three that most concern a person crossing
the border with papers and in what order?
2010-2011
• For first and last trips, questions about:
o Year of arrival
o Month of arrival
o Documents
o Number of times stopped during crossing
o Used a coyote
o U.S. dollars paid to coyote
3
Questions vary from year to year.
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132 ESTIMATING ILLEGAL ENTRIES AT THE U.S.–MEXICO BORDER
o Duration of the trip to the United States (month)
o First occupation in the United States
o Position at work
o Hours worked per week on the job
o Total earnings
§ Dollar amount
§ Frequency
• How did you gather the money to pay for the trip?
• Which part of the border did you cross or try to cross?
• When you crossed or tried to cross the border, did you have papers
or did you cross without papers?
• To enter the United States on your last trip, did immigration officers
or customs officers
o Stop you?
o Inspect your car?
o Search your body or clothing?
• During your last trip, how many times did you try to cross the
border?
• How many times were you detained?
• Were you finally able to cross?
• In what year were you not able to cross?
• Did you pass a checkpoint?
• How did you go through the checkpoint?
• In what manner did you cross the border?
• In your last crossing or attempt, where did you meet the coyote who
helped you cross?
• Who recommended the coyote?
• How satisfied were you with the coyote?
• Attempting to cross, have you witnessed an act of violence by:
o coyote?
A
o Immigration officer?
o Bandits?
• Attempting to cross, were you a victim of violence by:
o coyote?
A
o Immigration officer?
o Bandits?
• In your last trip, did you have to pay a bribe to the Mexican police
to reach the United States?
• Currently, how difficult is it to evade immigration?
• Currently, if you don’t have papers, how dangerous is it to cross the
border?
• Did you personally know someone who went to the United States
and died trying to cross the border?
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APPENDIX A 133
• According to what you know, what is the best month to cross with-
out papers?
• Now I will show you some pictures. Of the things shown in these
drawings, which are the three most concerning to a person crossing
without papers, in the order of concern?
o Bandits or gangs
o Extreme temperatures or other natural hazards
o Immigration officer
o Imprisonment if they catch you
o Mexican police
o Not finding work on the other side
o wall
The
SOURCE: Mexican Migration Field Research Project. (Translated from
Spanish by the panel.) Questionnaire on file with panel.
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