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75 GLOSSARY This glossary has been compiled from references 25 (Ko et al. 2009) and 55 (Allen et al. 2008). Automatic Traffic Recorder (ATR):⢠A recorder that captures directional speeds or records speeds as well as conducts rudimentary traffic counts. Commonly referred to as tubes. Automated vehicle classification devices:⢠Monitoring devices used to establish the mix of vehicles in a traf- fic stream. These devices can vary substantially: some count axels, some use the âmagnetic profileâ over the loops, and some use the shape the vehicle projects through video. Carrier:⢠A firm that transports goods or people via land, sea, or air. Commercial vehicle movements: ⢠The movement of vehicles involved in the transportation of goods or freight or the provision of services, such as appliance repair. Commodity:⢠An item that is traded in commerce. The term usually implies an undifferentiated product com- peting primarily on price and availability. There are several standard commodity classification systems in use in North America. Commodity flow: ⢠A quantity of a specified commod- ity moving between a specified origin and destination region. Commodity quantities are usually given in terms of weight (tons) or value, and origin-destination regions are typically specified in terms of states/prov- inces, counties, or cities. Commodity Flow Survey (CFS):⢠A survey con- ducted in the United States every 5 years as part of the Economic Census. The survey collects informa- tion about outbound goods shipments. Certain limi- tations in shipment coverage exist and are explained in literature provided by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics and the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Drayage:⢠The movement of goods, generally by truck, from the primary shipper (or to the receiver) from the main shipment mode (e.g., goods trucked from a ship- per to a port for export). Drayage moves are generally short-haul moves made by specialized carriers. Economic data:⢠Data or statistics related to popula- tion, employment, operation and fuel costs, consump- tion information, and industry statistics. Freight forwarder:⢠A person who acts as an agent on behalf of a shipper. A freight forwarder frequently con- solidates shipments from several shippers and coordi- nates booking reservations. Global Positioning System (GPS):⢠A satellite-based system of tracking the location of a transmitter/ receiver. The system uses microwave communica- tion with orbiting satellites to track the whereabouts of vehicles. These systems are increasingly used by trucking companies to obtain real-time information on the location of assets. Hazardous material (HAZMAT): ⢠A substance or material that the Department of Transportation has determined to be capable of posing a risk to health, safety, and property when stored or transported in commerce. Intermodal terminal:⢠A location where links between different transportation modes and networks connect. Using more than one mode of transportation in moving persons and goods. Land use data:⢠Information about the composition of land uses and plans for future land uses. Such data may include information about zoning or the location of infrastructure related to goods movement such as freight generators, industrial sites, and retail centers. Logistics:⢠All activities involved in the management of product movement; delivering the right product from the right origin to the right destination, with the right quality and quantity, at the right schedule and price. North American Industrial Classification System ⢠(NAICS): A multi-tiered industrial classification system. Major industry groups are assigned a single numerical digit. Within each major group are more dis- aggregate industry categories (2-digit, 3-digit, 4-digit, etc.). Payload:⢠The cargo carried by a truck. Private trucking fleet: ⢠A fleet of trucks owned by the shipper or receiver of goods. Trucks in private fleets are not for hire by other users. Port Authorities:⢠State or local governments that own, operate, or otherwise provide wharf, dock, and other terminal investments at ports. Public and commercial data sources:⢠Data sets that are purchased or acquired from an outside source. Roadside survey:⢠A survey conducted by intercepting vehicles at a roadside location for the purpose of con- ducting a data collection interview. Screenlines:⢠Artificial lines drawn across a set of facil- ities that generally serve the same origin and destina- tion subareas within a metropolitan area. Screenlines are used to validate travel demand models by compar- ing the predicted traffic volumes at the screenline with those obtained from traffic counts. Shipper:⢠The party that tenders goods for transportation. Third-party logistics (3PL) providers:⢠Specialists in logistics who may provide a variety of transportation, warehousing, and logistics-related services to buyers
76 or sellers. These tasks were previously performed in- house by the customer. Ton-mile:⢠A measure of output for freight transporta- tion; reflects weight of shipment and the distance it is hauled; a multiplication of tons hauled by the distance traveled. Tours:⢠Sets of linked trips beginning and ending at home base. Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ):⢠A location used in urban travel demand models to determine where trips originate and terminate. Travel diaries:⢠A survey instrument used to collect information on individual trips. Travel diaries gener- ally ask the user to record information on each trip, including starting and ending location, time of trips, distance of trips, and land use at trip ends. Transportation network data:⢠Data about the supply and limitations of the greater transportation network. Data may include information about defined truck routes, HAzMAT mapping, truck size, height, and weight limitations, seasonal closures for waterways, short and long haul rail line locations, or other restric- tions on goods movement. Vehicle classification counts:⢠Traffic counts that clas- sify the vehicles being counted. Classification counts distinguish trucks from automobiles and may distin- guish trucks based on axle configuration, truck con- figuration, or body type. Vehicle classification counts can be taken manually (visual observation) or with machines.
