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ACRP Report 52: Wayfinding and Signing Guidelines for Airport Terminals and Landside (2011)
Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP)

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Poe, Christopher M, Smiley, Alison, Frankel, Matthew J, Esch, Tom, Higgins, Laura L, Smahel, Thomas, Theiss, LuAnn, Chrysler, Susan T, Harding, James R, Elizer, Marshall, Alderman, Jim, Beatty, Curtis, Pangburn, James A, Berger, Craig, Transportation Research Board. "8.4 State and Local." ACRP Report 52: Wayfinding and Signing Guidelines for Airport Terminals and Landside. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011.

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Page
198
Front Matter (R1-R10)
1.1 Background (1-1)
1.2 Historical Perspective (2-2)
1.4 Organization of the Guidelines (How to Use) (3-3)
2.2 Analysis (4-12)
2.3 Developing a Wayfinding Strategy (13-28)
3.1 Wayfinding Philosophy and Principles (29-32)
3.2 Applicable Federal Standards (33-34)
3.3 Airport Roadway Decision Points (35-36)
3.4 Static Sign Design Elements (37-44)
3.5 Sign Structures and Illumination (45-46)
3.6 Changeable Message Signs (47-51)
3.7 Sign Maintenance (52-52)
4.1 Considering Parking Users in Design (Human Factors) (53-53)
4.2 Signs and Wayfinding (54-56)
4.3 Sign Categories (57-68)
4.4 Sign Design Elements (69-71)
4.5 Sign Locations, Structures, Materials, and Safety (72-73)
4.7 Accessibility (74-76)
5.2 Considering Curbside Users in Design (Human Factors) (77-78)
5.3 Signing Areas (79-82)
5.4 Ground Transportation (83-85)
5.5 Sign Design Elements (86-87)
5.6 Sign Locations, Structures, Materials, and Safety (88-89)
5.7 Sign Maintenance (90-90)
5.8 Accessibility (91-92)
6.1 Wayfinding Philosophy and Principles (93-100)
6.2 Considering Terminal Users in Design (Human Factors) (101-104)
6.3 Signs and Wayfinding (105-108)
6.4 Sign Categories (109-112)
6.5 Sign Design Elements (113-148)
6.6 Sign Locations, Data Bases, Illumination, Materials, and Safety (149-158)
6.7 Sign Maintenance (159-159)
6.8 Accessibility (160-179)
7.1 Overview (180-181)
7.2 Systems and Visual Displays (182-194)
7.4 Open System Architecture (195-196)
8.1 Federal Agencies (197-197)
8.4 State and Local (198-198)
8.6 Regulatory and Informational Signage Required by Federal Regulations (199-206)
Appendix A (207-211)
Appendix B (212-214)
Appendix C - Curbside - Basic Mounting Types (215-216)
Appendix D - Terminals - Basic Mounting Types (217-218)
Appendix E - Roadway Signing - Additional Resources (219-220)
Appendix F (221-241)
References (242-244)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (245-245)

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198 Wayfinding and Signing Guidelines for Airport Terminals and Landside 8.1.2 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) This is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Regis- ter by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The CFR is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to Federal regulation. Two are referenced in this document: Title 14: Aeronautics and Space (also known as the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR), administered by the Federal Aviation Administration) Title 49: Transportation Examples of regulatory signage under the CFR includes: · Passenger Rights (limitation of liability, overbooking of flights) · Security (threat advisory, consent to search, X-Ray system, false statements) · Transportation of Materials (Hazardous materials, firearms) · Passenger Notices (tariffs, notice of contract) · Unlawful Discrimination 8.1.3 United States Code (USC) The Office of the Law Revision Counsel prepares and publishes the United States Code, which is a consolidation and codification by subject matter of the general and permanent laws of the United States. The Code does not include regulations issued by executive branch agencies, deci- sions of the Federal courts, treaties, or laws enacted by State or local governments. Regulations issued by executive branch agencies are available in the Code of Federal Regulations. 8.2 Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) Reference Chapter 6 accessibility Section 6.8 for information related to the ADA. The ADAAG contains scoping and technical requirements, including signage, for accessibility to buildings and facilities by individuals with disabilities under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990. These scoping and technical requirements are to be applied during the design, construction, and alteration of buildings and facilities covered by Titles II and III of the ADA to the extent required by regulations issued by Federal agencies, including the Department of Justice and the Department of Transportation, under the ADA. State accessibility requirements and standards for ADA signage should also be consulted. In some cases, state requirements may be stricter than federal requirements. 8.3 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) As previously noted in Chapter 3, airports should refer to the Federal Highway Administration's Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices for rules and regulations associated with airport roadway signing. Airports will also need to look at their individual state manuals. 8.4 State and Local Airports may be required to post state mandated signs and notices. One example is California Penal Code Section 602 which requires posting of a notice of prosecution for unauthorized entry, located prior to entry to airport operations areas. Due to the variety of state requirements, this