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87 Term Build Scenario Congestion Pricing Cordon and Area Pricing Dynamic Pricing Farebox Fixed Variable Pricing General Purpose Lanes Greenfield Toll Facility HOV2+ HOV3+ Level of Service (LOS) Managed Lanes Maximum Optimal Capacity Definition A scenario that assumes a specified transportation improve- ment will be built The application of variable fees or tolls on roadways to manage available capacity and user demand Traffic management strategies designed to mitigate traf- fic congestion in dense urban environmentsâgenerally city centers and the corridors providing access to themâ by charging vehicles during peak periods, either each time they pass a set boundary (cordon) or once during a set period (e.g., 24 hours) as they enter (or travel within) a spec- ified zone (area) Variably priced tolls where toll rates vary in real time based on detected traffic conditions Term used to refer to transit fares collected from passengers Variably priced tolls set according to a fixed schedule that may be determined by such variables as hour of the day, direction of travel, and day of the week Limited access highway lanes available to all vehicles without occupancy restrictions or imposition of a toll or fee A new toll highway built in a corridor that was previously without such a facility A policy defining vehicles with two or more passengers as HOVs A policy defining vehicles with three or more passengers as HOVs A scale ranking (A to F) of the performance of highway facilities calculated by comparing actual traffic volumes to the theoretical carrying capacity of the roadway Limited access highway lanes where tools such as occu- pancy requirements, fixed or variably priced tolls, the use of ETC technology, and physical barriers and striping are used to manage the flow of vehicles in order to achieve a desired level of traffic service The maximum number of vehicles that a managed lane can carry while providing the desired traffic service level mea- sured in vehicles per hour Key Terms
88 Evaluation and Performance Measurement of Congestion Pricing Projects Mode Share No-Build Scenario Park-and-Ride Particulates Peak Period Performance Evaluation Performance Measure or Metric Performance Monitoring Sponsoring Agency Stakeholder Agency Travelshed Variably Priced Managed Lanes The percentage of trips made in a specified travelshed or corridor by a given travel mode (passenger car, taxi, bus, rail transit, ferry, bicycle, etc.) A scenario that assumes a given transportation improve- ment is not built A bus or rail station providing parking where drivers may leave their vehicles and continue their journeys by public transit Solid airborne pollutants Travel periods with the highest traffic volumes, usually occurring during weekday mornings and late afternoons An assessment of a facility or schemeâs operation relative to expectation or a set of prescribed parameters; a perfor- mance evaluation can be used to make set adjustments to a facility or schemeâs operation (e.g. based on an established algorithm) or used to make operational adjustments based on judgment and the weighing of present factors (e.g. costs, benefits, or risks) Used interchangeably, a quantitative or qualitative charac- terization of a facility or schemeâs operational properties; performance measures inform a performance evaluation The ongoing, structured process of compiling perfor- mance measure data; performance monitoring results can be reported and/or retained for historical purposes; perform- ance monitoring is also required to undertake a performance evaluation An agency responsible for developing a transportation improvement A public agency, with a vested interest in the development of a transportation improvement, required to comment on projects as they are developed, most notably as part of the environmental review process An area where trips tend to cluster in a linear pattern with feeder routes leading to larger linear alignments providing access into a metropolitan area Managed lanes that use variable pricing as a tool to maintain desired traffic service levels