Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page R1
ACRP
Airport
cooperative
Research
Program
Synthesis 10
Airport Sustainability Practices
A Synthesis of Airport Practice
OCR for page R2
ACRP OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE* TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2008 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE*
CHAIR OFFICERS
JAMES WILDING Chair: Debra L. Miller, Secretary, Kansas DOT, Topeka
Independent Consultant Vice Chair: Adib K. Kanafani, Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California,
Berkeley
VICE CHAIR Executive Director: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board
JEFF HAMIEL
MEMBERS
MinneapolisSt. Paul
Metropolitan Airports Commission J. BARRY BARKER, Executive Director, Transit Authority of River City, Louisville, KY
ALLEN D. BIEHLER, Secretary, Pennsylvania DOT, Harrisburg
MEMBERS JOHN D. BOWE, President, Americas Region, APL Limited, Oakland, CA
LARRY L. BROWN, SR., Executive Director, Mississippi DOT, Jackson
JAMES CRITES
DEBORAH H. BUTLER, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern
DallasFt. Worth International Airport
Corporation, Norfolk, VA
RICHARD DE NEUFVILLE
WILLIAM A.V. CLARK, Professor, Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
DAVID S. EKERN, Commissioner, Virginia DOT, Richmond
KEVIN C. DOLLIOLE
NICHOLAS J. GARBER, Henry L. Kinnier Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
UCG Associates
University of Virginia, Charlottesville
JOHN K. DUVAL
JEFFREY W. HAMIEL, Executive Director, Metropolitan Airports Commission, Minneapolis, MN
Beverly Municipal Airport
EDWARD A. (NED) HELME, President, Center for Clean Air Policy, Washington, DC
STEVE GROSSMAN
WILL KEMPTON, Director, California DOT, Sacramento
Oakland International Airport
SUSAN MARTINOVICH, Director, Nevada DOT, Carson City
TOM JENSEN
MICHAEL D. MEYER, Professor, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia
National Safe Skies Alliance
Institute of Technology, Atlanta
CATHERINE M. LANG
MICHAEL R. MORRIS, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of Governments,
Federal Aviation Administration
Arlington
GINA MARIE LINDSEY
NEIL J. PEDERSEN, Administrator, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore
Los Angeles World Airports
PETE K. RAHN, Director, Missouri DOT, Jefferson City
CAROLYN MOTZ
SANDRA ROSENBLOOM, Professor of Planning, University of Arizona, Tucson
Hagerstown Regional Airport
TRACY L. ROSSER, Vice President, Corporate Traffic, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Bentonville, AR
RICHARD TUCKER
ROSA CLAUSELL ROUNTREE, Executive Director, Georgia State Road and Tollway Authority,
Huntsville International Airport
Atlanta
HENRY G. (GERRY) SCHWARTZ, JR., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc.,
EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
St. Louis, MO
SABRINA JOHNSON C. MICHAEL WALTON, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Texas, Austin
RICHARD MARCHI LINDA S. WATSON, CEO, LYNXCentral Florida Regional Transportation Authority, Orlando
Airports Council International-- STEVE WILLIAMS, Chairman and CEO, Maverick Transportation, Inc., Little Rock, AR
North America
LAURA McKEE EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
Air Transport Association of America
THAD ALLEN (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, DC
HENRY OGRODZINSKI
JOSEPH H. BOARDMAN, Federal Railroad Administrator, U.S.DOT
National Association of State Aviation
REBECCA M. BREWSTER, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute,
Officials
Smyrna, GA
MELISSA SABATINE
PAUL R. BRUBAKER, Research and Innovative Technology Administrator, U.S.DOT
American Association of Airport
GEORGE BUGLIARELLO, Chancellor, Polytechnic University of New York, Brooklyn, and Foreign
Executives
Secretary, National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC
ROBERT E. SKINNER, JR.
SEAN T. CONNAUGHTON, Maritime Administrator, U.S.DOT
Transportation Research Board
LEROY GISHI, Chief, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department
of the Interior, Washington, DC
SECRETARY
EDWARD R. HAMBERGER, President and CEO, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC
CHRISTOPHER W. JENKS JOHN H. HILL, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administrator, U.S.DOT
Transportation Research Board JOHN C. HORSLEY, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials, Washington, DC
CARL T. JOHNSON, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administrator, U.S.DOT
J. EDWARD JOHNSON, Director, Applied Science Directorate, National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, John C. Stennis Space Center, MS
WILLIAM W. MILLAR, President, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC
NICOLE R. NASON, National Highway Traffic Safety Administrator, U.S.DOT
JAMES RAY, Acting Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S.DOT
JAMES S. SIMPSON, Federal Transit Administrator, U.S.DOT
ROBERT A. STURGELL, Acting Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S.DOT
ROBERT L. VAN ANTWERP (Lt. Gen., U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding
General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC
*Membership as of June 2008. *Membership as of May 2008.
OCR for page R3
Airport cooperative Research Program
ACRP Synthesis 10
Airport Sustainability Practices
A Synthesis of Airport Practice
Consultants
FIONA BERRY,
SARAH GILLHESPY,
and
JEAN ROGERS
Arup North America, Ltd.
San Francisco, California
S ubject A rea
Aviation
Research Sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration
Transportation Research Board
Washington, D.C.
2008
www.TRB.org
OCR for page R4
AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM ACRP SYNTHESIS 10
Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in transpor- Project 11-03, Topic S02-02
tation of people and goods and in regional, national, and international ISSN 1935-9187
commerce. They are where the nation's aviation system connects ISBN 978-0-309-09809-0
Library of Congress Control Number 2008906006
with other modes of transportation and where federal responsibility
for managing and regulating air traffic operations intersects with the © 2008 Transportation Research Board
role of state and local governments that own and operate most air-
ports. Research is necessary to solve common operating problems,
to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to
introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Coopera-
tive Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principle means
by which the airport industry can develop innovative near-term solu- COPYRIGHT PERMISSION
tions to meet demands placed on it. Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and
The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own
Airport Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used
study sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The herein.
ACRP carries out applied research on problems that are shared by Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce
material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes.
airport operating agencies and are not being adequately addressed by
Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material
existing federal research programs. It is modeled after the success- will be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement of a particular product,
ful National Cooperative Highway Research Program and Transit method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in
Cooperative Research Program. The ACRP undertakes research and the document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate
other technical activities in a variety of airport subject areas, including acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material.
design, construction, maintenance, operations, safety, security, policy, For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP.
planning, human resources, and administration. The ACRP provides
a forum where airport operators can cooperatively address common
operational problems.
The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision
100-Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary par-
ticipants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the NOTICE
ACRP Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary of the The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport
U.S. Department of Transportation with representation from airport Co-operative Research Program conducted by the Transportation Research
operating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant industry orga- Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research
nizations such as the Airports Council InternationalNorth America Council. Such approval reflects the Governing Board's judgment that the
(ACI-NA), the American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE), program concerned is of national importance and appropriate with respect
the National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), and to both the purposes and resources of the National Research Council.
the Air Transport Association (ATA) as vital links to the airport com- The members of the technical committee selected to monitor this
project and to review this report were chosen for recognized scholarly
munity; (2) the TRB as program manager and secretariat for the gov-
competence and with due consideration for the balance of disciplines
erning board; and (3) the FAA as program sponsor. In October 2005, appropriate to the project. The opinions and conclusions expressed or
the FAA executed a contract with the National Academies formally implied are those of the research agency that performed the research, and,
initiating the program. while they have been accepted as appropriate by the technical committee,
The ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of air- they are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the
port professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government National Research Council, or the Federal Aviation Administration of the
officials, equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and U.S. Department of Transportation.
research organizations. Each of these participants has different inter- Each report is reviewed and accepted for publication by the techni-
ests and responsibilities, and each is an integral part of this cooperative cal committee according to procedures established and monitored by the
Transportation Research Board Executive Committee and the Governing
research effort.
Board of the National Research Council.
Research problem statements for the ACRP are solicited periodi-
cally but may be submitted to the TRB by anyone at any time. It is The Transportation Research Board of The National Academies, the
the responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by National Research Council, and the Federal Aviation Administration
identifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels (sponsor of the ACRP) do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade
and expected products. or manufacturers' names appear herein solely because they are considered
Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel, essential to the clarity and completeness of the project reporting.
appointed by the TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and
research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport
professionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels
prepare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors,
and provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of
the project. The process for developing research problem statements Published reports of the
and selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM
cooperative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities,
are available from:
ACRP project panels serve voluntarily without compensation.
Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the Transportation Research Board
intended end-users of the research: airport operating agencies, ser- Business Office
500 Fifth Street, NW
vice providers, and suppliers. The ACRP produces a series of research
Washington, DC 20001
reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other
interested parties, and industry associations may arrange for work- and can be ordered through the Internet at: http://www.national-
shops, training aids, field visits, and other activities to ensure that academies.org/trb/bookstore
results are implemented by airport-industry practitioners. Printed in the United States of America
OCR for page R5
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished schol-
ars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology
and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in
1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical
matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Acad-
emy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration
and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for
advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs
aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements
of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the
services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining
to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of
Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initia-
tive, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the
Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate
the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge
and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the
Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sci-
ences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and
the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the
Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively,
of the National Research Council.
The Transportation Research Board is one of six major divisions of the National Research Council. The
mission of the Transportation Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and prog-
ress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdis-
ciplinary, and multimodal. The Board's varied activities annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists,
and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of
whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation depart-
ments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation,
and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org
www.national-academies.org
OCR for page R6
ACRP COMMITTEE FOR PROJECT 11-03 COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS STAFF
CHRISTOPHER W. JENKS, Director, Cooperative Research
CHAIR Programs
BURR STEWART CRAWFORD F. JENCKS, Deputy Director, Cooperative
Port of Seattle Research Programs
ROBERT E. DAVID, Senior Program Officer
MEMBERS EILEEN DELANEY, Director of Publications
GARY C. CATHEY
California Department of Transportation ACRP SYNTHESIS STAFF
KEVIN C. DOLLIOLE STEPHEN R. GODWIN, Director for Studies and Special
Unison Consulting, Inc. Programs
BERTA FERNANDEZ JON M. WILLIAMS, Associate Director, IDEA and Synthesis
Landrum & Brown Studies
JULIE KENFIELD GAIL STABA, Senior Program Officer
Jacobs DON TIPPMAN, Editor
CAROLYN MOTZ CHERYL KEITH, Senior Program Assistant
Hagerstown Regional Airport
TOPIC PANEL
CHRISTINE GERENCHER, Transportation Research Board
FAA LIAISON RUSTY T. HODAPP, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport
LORI PAGNANELLI Board
ROGER A. JOHNSON, Los Angeles World Airports
ACINORTH AMERICA LIAISON CHERYL KOSHUTA, Port of Portland (OR)/Portland Interna-
RICHARD MARCHI tional Airport
RANDY J. McGILL, Greater Toronto Airports Authority
TRB LIAISON SAM MEHTA, San Francisco International Airport
CHRISTINE GERENCHER JONATHAN RUBIN, University of Maine
HOLLAND YOUNG, Jacobs Consultancy
ED MELISKY, Federal Aviation Administration (Liaison)
HOWARD AYLESWORTH, Aerospace Industries Association
of America (Liaison)
JESSICA STEINHILBER, Airports Council InternationalNorth
America (Liaison)
OCR for page R7
FOREWORD Airport operators, service providers, and researchers often face problems for which infor-
mation already exists, either in documented form or as undocumented experience and prac-
tice. This information may be fragmented, scattered, and unevaluated. As a consequence,
full knowledge of what has been learned about a problem may not be brought to bear on its
solution. Costly research findings may go unused, valuable experience may be overlooked,
and due consideration may not be given to recommended practices for solving or alleviat-
ing the problem.
There is information on nearly every subject of concern to the airport industry. Much
of it derives from research or from the work of practitioners faced with problems in their
day-to-day work. To provide a systematic means for assembling and evaluating such useful
information and to make it available to the entire airport community, the Airport Coop-
erative Research Program authorized the Transportation Research Board to undertake a
continuing project. This project, ACRP Project 11-03, "Synthesis of Information Related
to Airport Practices," searches out and synthesizes useful knowledge from all available
sources and prepares concise, documented reports on specific topics. Reports from this
endeavor constitute an ACRP report series, Synthesis of Airport Practice.
This synthesis series reports on current knowledge and practice, in a compact format,
without the detailed directions usually found in handbooks or design manuals. Each report
in the series provides a compendium of the best knowledge available on those measures
found to be the most successful in resolving specific problems.
PREFACE This synthesis study is intended to inform airport operators, stakeholders, and policy
By Gail Staba, makers about a range of airport sustainability practices gathered from a literature review
and web-based survey. It specifically targets airport operators and provides a snapshot of
Senior Program Officer
airport sustainability practices across the triple bottom line of environmental, economic,
Transportation and social issues.
Research Board
Information used in this study was acquired through a review of the literature and
interviews with airport operators and industry experts.
Fiona Berry, Sarah Gillhespy, and Jean Rogers, of Arup North America, Ltd, San Fran-
cisco, California, collected and synthesized the information and wrote the report. The
members of the topic panel are acknowledged on the preceding page. This synthesis is
an immediately useful document that records the practices within the limitations of the
knowledge available at the time of its preparation. As progress in research and practice
continues, new knowledge will be added to that now at hand.
OCR for page R8
OCR for page R9
Contents
1 SUMMARY
3chapter one Introduction
Audience and Dissemination, 3
Background, 3
TRB Panel, 3
Definitions, 3
Issues Addressed, 4
Report Content, 5
6 CHAPTER TWO METHOD
Literature Review, 6
Survey, 6
8 Chapter Three Survey Response
Survey Respondents, 8
Airport Authorities, 8
Geographic Location, 8
Airport Size, 8
9 Chapter FOUR DRIVERS, PRIORITIES, AND BARRIERS TO SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES
Existing and Future Drivers for Sustainability, 9
Sustainability Priorities, 10
Barriers to Implementation, 12
13 Chapter FIVE ORGANIZATIONAL Governance of Sustainability
Roles and Responsibilities, 13
Training, 13
Sustainability Organizations, 15
Public Reporting, 15
17 Chapter SIX Environmental Practices
Environmental Sustainability Self-Assessment, 17
Measurement and Monitoring, 18
Water, 19
Air Quality, 20
Climate Change, 21
Land Use, 22
Biodiversity, 23
Materials, 24
Waste Management, 24
Noise Pollution and Aesthetics, 25
Energy, 26
Green Building, 27
OCR for page R10
29 Chapter SEVEN Economic Practices
Economic Sustainability Self-Assessment, 29
Local and Responsible Economic Practices, 30
Community Contributions, 31
Valuing Sustainability, 31
Sustainability Research and Development, 32
Incentives for Sustainable Behavior, 32
34 Chapter EIGHT Social Practices
Social Sustainability Self-Assessment, 34
Stakeholder Relationships, 35
Employee Practices and Procedures, 36
Transportation, 36
Accessibility, 38
Local Identity, Culture, and Heritage, 38
Indoor Environmental Quality, 39
Employee Well-Being, 39
Passenger Well-being, 40
41 Chapter NINE Conclusions
43 REFeRENCES
46 APPENDIX A Airport Sustainability Practices Survey
93 APPENDIX B Management Performance Scale
94 APPENDIX C List of 25 Airports Responding to Survey
95 APPENDIX D List of Sustainability Practices Captured by Survey
