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3
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Purpose
Ninety percent of all SHAs responded to this synthesis sur-
vey. Responding agencies are listed in Table 1. The number
Falling weight deflectometers (FWDs) have been in use of FWDs in use and the importance of their role in pavement
since the 1980s. These devices are used to measure pave- engineering practice are expected to increase as agencies
ment deflections in response to a stationary dynamic load, move toward mechanistically based pavement design. The
similar to a passing wheel load. The data obtained are used interpretation of FWD data is a key method for estimating
to evaluate the structural capacity of pavements for research, the in situ moduli of pavement layer materials.
design, rehabilitation, and pavement management purposes.
Based on a survey conducted for this synthesis, 45 state high- The importance of FWDs among SHAs was reflected in
way agencies (SHAs) reported using 82 FWDs produced by survey results. SHAs conduct FWD tests on up to 24,100
three different manufacturers (Appendix B, Questions 26). lane-km (15,000 lane-mi) annually (Appendix B, Question
TABLE 1
RESPONDING STATE HIGHWAY AGENCIES
State Responding Agency State Responding Agency
Alabama Alabama Department of Transportation Montana Montana Department of Transportation
Alaska Department of Transportation Nebraska Nebraska Department of Roads
Alaska
and Public Facilities
New
New Hampshire Department of Transportation
Arizona Arizona Department of Transportation Hampshire*
Arkansas Highway and Transportation New Jersey New Jersey Department of Transportation
Arkansas
Department
New Mexico New Mexico Department Of Transportation
California California Department of Transportation
New York New York State Department of Transportation
Colorado Colorado Department of Transportation
North Carolina North Carolina Department of Transportation
Connecticut* Connecticut Department of Transportation
North Dakota North Dakota Department of Transportation
Florida Florida Department of Transportation
Ohio Ohio Department of Transportation
Hawaii Hawaii Department of Transportation
Oregon Oregon Department of Transportation
Idaho Idaho Transportation Department
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
Illinois Illinois Department of Transportation
Rhode Island Rhode Island Department of Transportation
Indiana Indiana Department of Transportation
South Carolina South Carolina Department of Transportation
Iowa Iowa Department of Transportation
South Dakota South Dakota Department of Transportation
Kansas Kansas Department of Transportation
Tennessee Tennessee Department of Transportation
Kentucky* Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
Texas Texas Department of Transportation
Louisiana Louisiana Department of Transportation
Utah Utah Department of Transportation
Maine Maine Department of Transportation
Vermont Vermont Department of Transportation
Maryland Maryland State Highway Administration
Virginia Virginia Department of Transportation
Michigan Michigan Department of Transportation
Washington State Department of
Washington
Minnesota Minnesota Department of Transportation Transportation
Mississippi Mississippi Department of Transportation West Virginia West Virginia Department of Transportation
Missouri Missouri Department of Transportation Wisconsin Wisconsin Department of Transportation
*Responded by stating that the agency does not have an FWD program.
