Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 99
88 I N N O VAT I O N S I N T R AV E L D E M A N D M O D E L I N G , V O L U M E 2
shopping street in the town or visiting the closest movie These extensions are not intended to replace SP surveys
theater) or was the choice of location based on some with extensive SP games; they are mostly intended to bet-
unique properties of the location not associated with any ter the understanding of the observed choices, their
nearby area (like visiting Madison Square Garden or sequencing, and the way in which choice sets were formed.
Carnegie Hall in New York)? There are several examples of extensions of this sort
that could be added to conventional household surveys:
Introducing casualty into the modeling framework
should naturally reduce the tendency for using simplified · For mode and location choices, there can be a ques-
models of compensatory utility maximization and work tion asking whether the modelocation was usual or
in favor of more elaborate decision-making chains with occasional;
partially noncompensatory rules (eliminations). · For mode and location choices, there can be guided
questions on the reasons behind the choice of a specific
mode or destination;
ATTITUDINAL AND SP EXTENSIONS · For departure and arrival time choices, there can
TO CONVENTIONAL RP SURVEYS be a prepared set of answers on questions about how the
schedule was actually built, such as "planned in
For the foreseeable future, the standard RP household advance" or "occurred in the course of the day out of
survey will remain the major source of information for necessity." A different set of questions might be asked at
travel demand model estimation. The most satisfactory the end of the survey about the schedule priority of all
surveys are those that essentially form travel diaries with activities and whether any schedule adjustment took
a full accounting of all daily activity-travel patterns for place to accommodate some other activities in the
all household members. This type of survey constitutes schedule.
an ideal basis for additional attitudinal and SP-type ques-
tions to reflect each traveler's actual situation and is While the authors recognize that not all agencies will
much better than a standalone SP survey in which nor- have the budget to support such extensive surveying, it is
mally one of the trips or activities is taken out of the also the case that activity-based models can make the
daily pattern context and then different questions about biggest advances in the exploration of the sequencing
hypothetical alternatives are pivoted off the observed and scheduling of activities at both the individual and
choice. household levels. Yet making these advances requires
However, the addition of attitudinal and SP questions data that have not conventionally been collected in the
to the household survey represents a practical problem context of travel demand surveys and may require new
because existing household surveys are generally already innovations in data collection technology. It might well
at the upper limits of length and complexity that can be be worth treating these SP extensions as a pilot study or
tolerated by interviewees. Thus, it is important to make only collecting the additional data on a subset of the
these extensions as easy, natural, and short as possible. households.
