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· Time, day of the week, day of the year, and conditions (such as weather, road, and traffic
conditions); and
· Factors that influence travel choice (such as whether a person would have chosen another
route or a particular mode if road conditions or facilities were different).
Results and their presentation. User survey results should be summarized to highlight key
findings. The results can then be used to identify how transportation choice should be evaluated
and how a particular policy or project is likely to affect transportation options. Standard
statistical analysis techniques can be used to evaluate the accuracy of survey results. Geographic
information can be presented on maps, and time series data can be graphed to illustrate trends.
Results from user surveys can be presented by mode, group, or location to meet analysis
requirements. For example, to analyze the effects a highway project will have on the travel
choices of transportation-disadvantaged people, it may be appropriate to present survey data
indicating the number of people in various groups near the project site (e.g., nondrivers, low-
income persons, and persons with disabilities), their current travel patterns (e.g., how many
currently walk and bicycle along the proposed route), and how these travel modes are likely to be
affected.
In an environmental justice context, user demand and evaluation surveys can be carried out to
estimate the specific effects a particular project would have on protected populations. These
surveys also can be used to assess problem areas and the efficacy of possible improvements.
Assessment. User demand and evaluation surveys are a commonly applied tool for determining
the current circumstances facing pedestrians and cyclists. Problem areas identified in these
surveys can then be addressed as a transportation project is designed. More specifically, this
gives planners a better understanding of features to avoid or include for facilitating travel by
alternative modes when designing upgraded or reconfigured facilities. As is true of any user
survey, however, the results will reflect only the views and experiences of current or past users.
Those who have not been able or willing to use the various forms of alternative transportation
will not be represented. Thus, it must be recognized that these surveys are only one useful source
of information; they cannot be regarded as completely definitive for establishing the needs and
preferences surrounding alternative transportation issues
RESOURCES
1) Dixon, Linda. 1996. "Bicycle and Pedestrian Level-of-Service Performance Measures and
Standards for Congestion Management Systems." Transportation Research Record 1538.
Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, pp. 19.
This article describes LOS ratings for walking and cycling conditions to help identify ways to
improve and encourage nonmotorized transportation. The ratings take into account the
existence of separated facilities, conflicts, speed differential, congestion, maintenance,
amenities, and traffic demand modeling (TDM). These are relatively easy-to-use methods for
evaluating non-motorized roadway conditions that may be simpler to apply than other, more
data-intensive methods.
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