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TCRP
TRANSIT
COOPERATIVE
COOPERA T
RESEARCHH
PROGRAM
REPORT 86
Sponsored by
the Federal
e
Transit
r A
Administration
Public Transportation Security
Volume 10
Hazard and
Security Plan Workshop:
Instructor Guide
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TCRP OVERSIGHT AND PROJECT TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 2005 (Membership as of November 2005)
SELECTION COMMITTEE
(as of November 2005) OFFICERS
CHAIR Chair: John R. Njord, Executive Director, Utah DOT
DAVID A. LEE Vice Chair: Michael D. Meyer, Professor, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Connecticut Transit Georgia Institute of Technology
Executive Director: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board
MEMBERS
ANN AUGUST
Santee Wateree Regional Transportation MEMBERS
Authority
LINDA J. BOHLINGER MICHAEL W. BEHRENS, Executive Director, Texas DOT
HNTB Corp. ALLEN D. BIEHLER, Secretary, Pennsylvania DOT
ROBERT I. BROWNSTEIN LARRY L. BROWN, SR., Executive Director, Mississippi DOT
PB Consult, Inc. DEBORAH H. BUTLER, Vice President, Customer Service, Norfolk Southern Corporation and Subsidiaries,
PETER CANNITO Atlanta, GA
Metropolitan Transportation Authority--
Metro North Railroad ANNE P. CANBY, President, Surface Transportation Policy Project, Washington, DC
GREGORY COOK JOHN L. CRAIG, Director, Nebraska Department of Roads
Ann Arbor Transportation Authority DOUGLAS G. DUNCAN, President and CEO, FedEx Freight, Memphis, TN
NATHANIEL P. FORD NICHOLAS J. GARBER, Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Virginia
Metropolitan Atlanta RTA ANGELA GITTENS, Vice President, Airport Business Services, HNTB Corporation, Miami, FL
RONALD L. FREELAND GENEVIEVE GIULIANO, Director, Metrans Transportation Center, and Professor, School of Policy,
Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc. Planning, and Development, USC, Los Angeles
FRED M. GILLIAM
Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority BERNARD S. GROSECLOSE, JR., President and CEO, South Carolina State Ports Authority
KIM R. GREEN SUSAN HANSON, Landry University Professor of Geography, Graduate School of Geography, Clark University
GFI GENFARE JAMES R. HERTWIG, President, CSX Intermodal, Jacksonville, FL
DAVID B. HORNER GLORIA JEAN JEFF, Director, Michigan DOT
FTA ADIB K. KANAFANI, Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley
JILL A. HOUGH HERBERT S. LEVINSON, Principal, Herbert S. Levinson Transportation Consultant, New Haven, CT
North Dakota State University
SUE MCNEIL, Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware
JOHN INGLISH
Utah Transit Authority MICHAEL R. MORRIS, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of Governments
JEANNE W. KRIEG CAROL A. MURRAY, Commissioner, New Hampshire DOT
Eastern Contra Costa Transit Authority MICHAEL S. TOWNES, President and CEO, Hampton Roads Transit, Hampton, VA
CELIA G. KUPERSMITH C. MICHAEL WALTON, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
Golden Gate Bridge, Highway LINDA S. WATSON, Executive Director, LYNX--Central Florida Regional Transportation Authority
and Transportation District
PAUL J. LARROUSSE
National Transit Institute EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
CLARENCE W. MARSELLA
Denver Regional Transportation District MARION C. BLAKEY, Federal Aviation Administrator, U.S.DOT
FAYE L. M. MOORE JOSEPH H. BOARDMAN, Federal Railroad Administrator, U.S.DOT
Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation REBECCA M. BREWSTER, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute, Smyrna, GA
Authority GEORGE BUGLIARELLO, Chancellor, Polytechnic University, and Foreign Secretary, National Academy
MICHAEL H. MULHERN of Engineering
Jacobs Civil Inc. J. RICHARD CAPKA, Acting Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S.DOT
STEPHANIE L. PINSON THOMAS H. COLLINS (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard
Gilbert Tweed Associates, Inc.
ROBERT H. PRINCE, JR. JAMES J. EBERHARDT, Chief Scientist, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, U.S. DOE
DMJM+Harris JACQUELINE GLASSMAN, Deputy Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
JEFFREY M. ROSENBERG EDWARD R. HAMBERGER, President and CEO, Association of American Railroads
Amalgamated Transit Union DAVID B. HORNER, Acting Deputy Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S.DOT
MICHAEL SCANLON JOHN C. HORSLEY, Exec. Dir., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
San Mateo County Transit District JOHN E. JAMIAN, Acting Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S.DOT
BEVERLY A. SCOTT
EDWARD JOHNSON, Director, Applied Science Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Sacramento Regional Transit District
KATHRYN D. WATERS ASHOK G. KAVEESHWAR, Research and Innovative Technology Administrator, U.S.DOT
Dallas Area Rapid Transit BRIGHAM MCCOWN, Deputy Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
FRANK WILSON WILLIAM W. MILLAR, President, American Public Transportation Association
Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris SUZANNE RUDZINSKI, Director, Transportation and Regional Programs, U.S. EPA
County ANNETTE M. SANDBERG, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administrator, U.S.DOT
JEFFREY N. SHANE, Under Secretary for Policy, U.S.DOT
EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
WILLIAM W. MILLAR CARL A. STROCK (Maj. Gen., U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps
APTA of Engineers
ROBERT E. SKINNER, JR.
TRB TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM
JOHN C. HORSLEY
AASHTO Transportation Research Board Executive Committee Subcommittee for TCRP
J. RICHARD CAPKA
FHWA JOHN R. NJORD, Utah DOT (Chair)
DAVID B. HORNER, Federal Transit Administration, U.S.DOT
TDC EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR MICHAEL D. MEYER, Georgia Institute of Technology
LOUIS SANDERS WILLIAM W. MILLAR, American Public Transportation Association
APTA ROBERT E. SKINNER, JR., Transportation Research Board
SECRETARY MICHAEL S. TOWNES, Hampton Roads Transit, Hampton, VA
ROBERT J. REILLY C. MICHAEL WALTON, University of Texas, Austin
TRB LINDA S. WATSON, LYNX--Central Florida Regional Transportation Authority
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TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM
TCRP REPORT 86
Public Transportation Security
Volume 10
Hazard and
Security Plan Workshop:
Instructor Guide
AECOM CONSULT, INC.
Fairfax, VA
In association with
MAIER CONSULTING, INC.
Barboursville, VA
and
PETER SCHAUER ASSOCIATES
Boonville, MO
S UBJECT A REAS
Planning and Administration · Public Transit · Security
Research Sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration in Cooperation with the Transit Development Corporation
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD
WASHINGTON, D.C.
2006
www.TRB.org
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TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM TCRP REPORT 86: Volume 10
The nation's growth and the need to meet mobility, Project J-10D
environmental, and energy objectives place demands on public ISSN 1073-4872
transit systems. Current systems, some of which are old and in need ISBN 0-309-08848-8
of upgrading, must expand service area, increase service frequency, Library of Congress Control Number 2005938047
and improve efficiency to serve these demands. Research is
© 2006 Transportation Research Board
necessary to solve operating problems, to adapt appropriate new
technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into Price $55.00
the transit industry. The Transit Cooperative Research Program
(TCRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the transit
industry can develop innovative near-term solutions to meet
demands placed on it.
The need for TCRP was originally identified in TRB Special
Report 213--Research for Public Transit: New Directions,
published in 1987 and based on a study sponsored by the Urban Mass
Transportation Administration--now the Federal Transit Admin-
istration (FTA). A report by the American Public Transportation NOTICE
Association (APTA), Transportation 2000, also recognized the need The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Transit Cooperative
for local, problem-solving research. TCRP, modeled after the Research Program conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the
longstanding and successful National Cooperative Highway approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. Such
Research Program, undertakes research and other technical activities approval reflects the Governing Board's judgment that the project concerned is
in response to the needs of transit service providers. The scope of appropriate with respect to both the purposes and resources of the National
TCRP includes a variety of transit research fields including plan- Research Council.
ning, service configuration, equipment, facilities, operations, human The members of the technical advisory panel selected to monitor this project and
resources, maintenance, policy, and administrative practices. to review this report were chosen for recognized scholarly competence and with
TCRP was established under FTA sponsorship in July 1992. due consideration for the balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. The
Proposed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, TCRP was opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency
authorized as part of the Intermodal Surface Transportation that performed the research, and while they have been accepted as appropriate
Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). On May 13, 1992, a memorandum by the technical panel, they are not necessarily those of the Transportation
agreement outlining TCRP operating procedures was executed by Research Board, the National Research Council, the Transit Development
the three cooperating organizations: FTA, The National Academies, Corporation, or the Federal Transit Administration of the U.S. Department of
acting through the Transportation Research Board (TRB); and Transportation.
the Transit Development Corporation, Inc. (TDC), a nonprofit Each report is reviewed and accepted for publication by the technical panel
educational and research organization established by APTA. according to procedures established and monitored by the Transportation
TDC is responsible for forming the independent governing board, Research Board Executive Committee and the Governing Board of the National
designated as the TCRP Oversight and Project Selection (TOPS) Research Council.
Committee.
Research problem statements for TCRP are solicited periodically
but may be submitted to TRB by anyone at any time. It is the
responsibility of the TOPS Committee to formulate the research Special Notice
program by identifying the highest priority projects. As part of the
The Transportation Research Board of The National Academies, the National
evaluation, the TOPS Committee defines funding levels and
Research Council, the Transit Development Corporation, and the Federal Transit
expected products. Administration (sponsor of the Transit Cooperative Research Program) do not
Once selected, each project is assigned to an expert panel, endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein
appointed by the Transportation Research Board. The panels prepare solely because they are considered essential to the clarity and completeness of the
project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors, and project reporting.
provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the
project. The process for developing research problem statements and
selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing
cooperative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activ-
ities, TCRP project panels serve voluntarily without compensation.
Because research cannot have the desired impact if products fail Published reports of the
to reach the intended audience, special emphasis is placed on
disseminating TCRP results to the intended end users of the TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM
research: transit agencies, service providers, and suppliers. TRB are available from:
provides a series of research reports, syntheses of transit practice,
and other supporting material developed by TCRP research. APTA Transportation Research Board
Business Office
will arrange for workshops, training aids, field visits, and other
500 Fifth Street, NW
activities to ensure that results are implemented by urban and rural
Washington, DC 20001
transit industry practitioners.
The TCRP provides a forum where transit agencies can and can be ordered through the Internet at
cooperatively address common operational problems. The TCRP http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore
results support and complement other ongoing transit research and
training programs. Printed in the United States of America
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The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished schol-
ars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology
and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in
1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and techni-
cal matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Acad-
emy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration
and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for
advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs
aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achieve-
ments of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the
services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining
to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of
Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative,
to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the
Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate
the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and
advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Acad-
emy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences
and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the
scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both the Academies and
the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. William A. Wulf are chair and vice chair,
respectively, of the National Research Council.
The Transportation Research Board is a division of the National Research Council, which serves the
National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering. The Board's mission is to promote
innovation and progress in transportation through research. In an objective and interdisciplinary setting,
the Board facilitates the sharing of information on transportation practice and policy by researchers and
practitioners; stimulates research and offers research management services that promote technical
excellence; provides expert advice on transportation policy and programs; and disseminates research
results broadly and encourages their implementation. The Board's varied activities annually engage more
than 5,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and
private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is
supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of
the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the
development of transportation. www.TRB.org
www.national-academies.org
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COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS STAFF FOR TCRP REPORT 86, VOLUME 10
ROBERT J. REILLY, Director, Cooperative Research Programs
CHRISTOPHER W. JENKS, TCRP Manager
S. A. PARKER, Senior Program Officer
EILEEN P. DELANEY, Director of Publications
ANDREA BRIERE, Editor
BETH HATCH, Editor
TCRP PROJECT J-10D
Field of Special Projects--Area of Security
RICHARD G. WONG, Rancho Santiago Community College District, Pasadena, CA (Chair)
GERALD L. BLAIR, Indiana County Transit Authority, Indiana, PA
CHARLES CARR, Mississippi Department of Transportation
PENELOPE J. PAGE, Yellow Connex, Baltimore, MD
VINCENT P. PEARCE, U.S. Department of Transportation
PATRICIA WEAVER, University of Kansas
RUTH O'HARA, FTA Liaison
GREG HULL, APTA Liaison
CHRISTOPHER A. KOZUB, National Transit Institute Liaison
CHRISTOPHER ZEILINGER, Community Transportation Association of America Liaison
JOEDY W. CAMBRIDGE, TRB Liaison
PETER SHAW, TRB Liaison
AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research reported herein was performed under TCRP Project Mr. Kenneth LaRue
J-10D, "Developing and Updating Security Plans: A Pilot Course Oklahoma Transit Programs Division, Oklahoma City,
for Rural and Community-Based Public Transportation Systems," Oklahoma
by AECOM Consult, Inc., in conjunction with Maier Consulting,
Ms. Amanda Ratliff
Inc., and Peter Schauer Associates.
Department of Homeland Security/Federal Emergency
The TCRP panel defined the original objectives of the work and
Management Agency Region V
guided its completion.
A particularly constructive role was played by the panel of Mr. J. R. Salazar
experts who provided feedback regarding the needs of small sys- Central Texas Rural Transit, Coleman, Texas
tems in developing an appropriate security plan template. That
Mr. John Sorrell
panel consisted of the following participants:
Wiregrass Transit Authority, Dothan, Alabama
Judge Kenton Askren Mr. Richard Wong
Circuit Court, Cooper County, Boonville, Missouri Rancho Santiago Community College District, Pasadena,
California
Mr. Robert Borne
CyRide, Ames, Iowa Mr. Christopher Zeilinger
Community Transportation Association of America,
Mr. David Bruffy
Washington, D.C.
Monongalia City Urban Mass Transit Authority, Morgantown,
West Virginia Pat Maier and Peter Schauer are co-principal investigators from
Maier Consulting, Inc., Barboursville, Virginia, and Peter Schauer
Mr. Charles Carr
Associates, Boonville, Missouri, respectively. The other authors of
Mississippi DOT
this report are Scott Baker, vice president, and Vi Truong, lead con-
Ms. Mona Comici sultant, both of AECOM Consult.
OATS West Regional Office, Sedalia, Missouri Notwithstanding the generous contributions made by the
research participants, errors and omissions remain the responsibil-
Mr. David J. Custer
ity of the principal investigators.
City of Morgantown Fire Department, Morgantown,
West Virginia
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This tenth volume of TCRP Report 86: Public Transportation Security will assist
FOREWORD rural, small urban, and community-based passenger transportation agencies in creating
By S. A. Parker hazard and security plans or evaluating and modifying existing plans, policies, and pro-
Staff Officer cedures consistent with the National Incident Management System (NIMS). The
Transportation Research importance of NIMS is set out in a September 8, 2004, letter to state governors from
Board Department of Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge: "NIMS provides a consistent
nationwide approach for Federal, State, territorial, tribal, and local governments to
work effectively and efficiently together to prepare for, prevent, respond to, and
recover from domestic incidents, regardless of cause, size, or complexity."
Rural, small urban, and community-based passenger transportation agencies face
many of the same security concerns as other service-sector enterprises. Transit employ-
ees may experience workplace violence or spillovers of domestic violence, and there
is a risk of domestic or international terrorism. Beyond the immediate trauma of inten-
tional harm to an employee, a destroyed vehicle, or a vandalized facility, there can be
disruptions to operations and emotionally disturbing repercussions to employees and
passengers that could shatter the functionality of the transit system. Consequently, tran-
sit systems must have a hazard and security plan in place, understood by all staff, to
identify and to eliminate the risk or minimize the loss and disruptions to operations,
staff, and passengers.
To accomplish the above tasks, rural, small urban, and community-based passen-
ger transportation systems need practical planning templates that reflect the operating
environment and the realities of available staff for implementation. The templates must
be flexible so they can be used in developing customized security plans and combined
with effective training tools for each unique transit system. Hence, the objective of this
project was to develop a hazard and security planning template and to design training
for developing security plans and integrating those plans into the routine of daily tran-
sit operations. Users of the TCRP Report 86 series will find that the products empha-
size mitigation along with prevention, preparation, response, and recovery.
The training course in this report is supplemented online with a downloadable tem-
plate for a completed hazard and security plan. The CD-ROM includes those resources
and more than 60 other documents organized in an electronic library.
AECOM Consult prepared this volume of TCRP Report 86 under TCRP Proj-
ect J-10D.
Emergencies arising from terrorist threats highlight the need for transportation
managers to minimize the vulnerability of travelers, employees, and physical assets
through incident prevention, preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. Man-
agers seek to reduce the chances that transportation vehicles and facilities will be tar-
gets or instruments of terrorist attacks and to be prepared to respond to and recover from
such possibilities. By being prepared to respond to terrorism, each transportation
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agency is simultaneously prepared to respond to natural disasters such as hurricanes,
floods, and wildfires, as well as human-caused events such as hazardous materials spills
and other incidents.
This is the tenth volume of TCRP Report 86: Public Transportation Security,
a series in which relevant information is assembled into single, concise volumes--each
pertaining to a specific security problem and closely related issues. These volumes
focus on the concerns that transportation agencies are addressing when developing pro-
grams in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks
that followed. Future volumes of the reports will be issued as they are completed.
To develop this volume in a comprehensive manner and to ensure inclusion of
significant knowledge, available information was assembled from numerous sources,
including a number of state departments of transportation. A topic panel of experts in
the subject area was established to guide the researchers in organizing and evaluating
the collected data and to review the final document.
This volume was prepared to meet an urgent need for information in this area.
It records practices that were acceptable within the limitations of the knowledge avail-
able at the time of its preparation. Work in this area is proceeding swiftly, and readers
are encouraged to be on the lookout for the most up-to-date information.
Volumes issued under TCRP Report 86: Public Transportation Security may
be found on the TRB website at http://www.TRB.org/SecurityPubs.
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CONTENTS 1 Using the Instructor Guide
1 Preface
3 Introduction and Background
4 Course Goals
4 General Instructional Approach
5 Conceptual Agenda and Elapsed Times
7 Workshop Outline
10 Template for a 1-Day Workshop
11 Template for a 2-Day Workshop
12 Materials, Audio Visual, and Miscellaneous Requirements
14 Participant Agenda
18 Before Presenting the Course: A Checklist
At-1 ATTACHMENT 1 Volunteer Fire Departments (VFDs) and
Terrorism Analogs
A-1 APPENDIX A Lesson Plan
B-1 APPENDIX B Instructor PowerPoint Slides and Notes
C-1 CD Contents
