Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
53 REFERENCES 1. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, âTraffic Safety Facts 2001.â Washington, DC, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, U.S. Department of Transportation (2002). 2. Migletz, J., Fish, J. K., and Graham, J. L., âRoadway Delin- eation Practices Handbook.â FHWA-SA-93-001, Washington, DC, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (1994). 3. Federal Highway Administration, âManual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)âMillennium Edition (Part 3â Markings).â U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC (2000). 4. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), âStan- dard Guide to Properties of High Visibility Materials Used to Improve Individual Safety.â ASTM F923-00, West Consho- hocken, PA (2000), pp. 1â14. 5. Grant, A. R., and Bloomfield, J. R., âGuidelines for the Use of Raised Pavement Markers.â FHWA-RD-97-152, McLean, VA, Federal Highway Administration (1998), pp. 1â58. 6. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), âStan- dard Specification for Plowable, Raised Retroreflective Pave- ment Markers.â ASTM D 4383-01, West Conshohocken, PA (2001), pp. 1â9. 7. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), âStan- dard Specification for Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Pris- matic, Raised, Retroreflective Pavement Markers.â ASTM D 4280-00, West Conshohocken, PA (2001), pp. 1â7. 8. Hofmann, K. L., and Dunning, M., âEvaluation of Raised and Recessed Pavement Markers. Final Report.â OR-RD-96-06, Salem, OR, Oregon Department of Transportation (1995), pp. 1â17. 9. Endres, G., âEvaluation of Snowplowable and Recessed Pave- ment MarkersâInterim Report.â Lansing, MI, Michigan Department of Transportation (1987), pp. 1â9. 10. Pigman, J. G., and Agent, K. R., âEvaluation of Snowplowable Markers.â FHWA-TS-82-222 Final Report, Frankfort, KY, Kentucky Department of Transportation (1982), pp. 1â38. 11. Kugle, C. L., Pendleton, O. J., and Von Tress, M. S., âAn Eval- uation of the Accident Reduction Effectiveness of Raised Pave- ment Markers.â College Station, TX, Texas Transportation Institute (1984), pp. 1â27. 12. Ullman, G. L., âRetroreflective Raised Pavement Markers: A Two-Year Field Evaluation in Texas.â TX-94/1946-3F, Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, TX (1994), pp. 1â80. 13. Wright, P. H., Zador, P. L., Park, C. Y., and Karpf, R. S., âEffect of Pavement Markers on Nighttime Crashes in Geor- gia.â Washington, DC, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (1982). 14. Mak, K. K., Chira-Chavala, T., and Griffin, L. I., âEvaluation of the Safety Effects of Raised Pavement Markers.â College Station, TX, Texas Transportation Institute (1987). 15. Griffin, L. I., âUsing the Before-and-After Design with Yoked Comparisons to Estimate the Effectiveness of Accident Coun- termeasures Implemented at Multiple Treatment Locations.â College Station, TX, Texas Transportation Institute (1990). 16. Pendleton, O. J., âEvaluation of Accident Analysis Methodol- ogy.â FHWA-RD-96-039, College Station, TX, Texas Trans- portation Institute (1996). 17. New York State Department of Transportation, âHighway Safety Improvement ProgramâAnnual Evaluation Report.â Albany, NY (1989). 18. Orth-Rodgers and Associates, Inc., âSafety and Congestion Management Research and Advanced Technology Applica- tionsâFinal Report (Technical Assistance to the RPM Task Force).â Research Work Order Number 1, Philadelphia, PA (1998), pp. 1â20. 19. New York State Department of Transportation, âRaised Reflec- torized Snowplowable Pavement Markers: A Report to the Governor.â Albany, NY (1997), pp. 1â88. 20. Khan, M., âEvaluation of Raised Pavement Markers at High Hazard LocationsâFinal Report.â Columbus, OH, Ohio Depart- ment of Transportation (1980), pp. 1â117. 21. Zador, P. L., Stein, H. S., Wright, P., and Hall, J., âEffects of Chevrons, Post-Mounted Delineators, and Raised Pavement Markers on Driver Behavior at Roadway Curves.â Transporta- tion Research Record 1114, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council (1987), pp. 1â10. 22. Feber, D. J., Crocker, K. J., and Feldmeier, J. M., âThe AAA Michigan Road Improvement Demonstration Program: An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Using Safety Enhancements to Help Reduce Societal and Insurance Costs.â 79th Trans- portation Research Board Annual Meeting Pre-Print CD- ROM, Paper #00-1432, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council (2000). 23. McLean, J. R., and Hoffman, E. R., âThe Effects of Restricted Preview on Driver Steering Control and Performance.â Human Factors, Vol. 15, No. 4 (1973), pp. 421â430. 24. Mourant, R. R., and Rockwell, T. H., âMapping Eye-Movement Patterns to the Visual Scene in Driving: An Exploratory Study.â Human Factors, Vol. 12, No. 1 (1970), pp. 81â87. 25. Fisher, A., and Sorensen, K., âVisual Aspects of Road Mark- ings.â CIE 73-1988, Vienna, Austria, Joint Technical Report, CIE /PIARC, Central Bureau of the CIE (1988), pp. 1â53. www.cie.co.at/publ/abst/73-88.html 26. Farber, E., Silver, C. A., Weir, D. H., and McRuer, D. T., âCon- ceptualization of Overtaking and Passing Maneuvers on Two- Lane Rural Roads.â Summary Report, TR-1-193-1, Hawthorne, CA, Driver Control. Systems Technology Inc. (1967). 27. Blaauw, G. J., and Padmos, P., âNighttime Visibility of Vari- ous Types of Road Markings: A Study on Durability, Including Conditions of Rain, Fog and Dew.â Society of Automotive Engineers 820412 (1982). 28. Pietrucha, M. T., Hostetter, R. S., and Staplin, L., âMarkings and Delineation for Older Drivers.â Institute of Transportation Engineers (1995), pp. 614â618. 29. Zwahlen, H. T., âDriver Lateral Control Performance as a Func- tion of Delineation.â Transportation Research Record 1149, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council (1987), pp. 56â65.
30. Mullowney, W. L., âEffect of Raised Pavement Markers on Traffic Performance.â Transportation Research Record 881, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council (1982), pp. 20â29. 31. Niessner, C. W., âRaised Pavement Markers at Hazardous Locations.â FHWA-TS-84-215, McLean, VA, Federal High- way Administration (1984), pp. 1â78. 32. Bowman, B. L., and Brinkman, P., âEffect of Low-Cost Acci- dent Countermeasures on Vehicle Speed and Lateral Placement at Narrow Bridges.â Transportation Research Record 1185, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council (1988), pp. 11â23. 33. Agent, K. R., and Creasey, T., âDelineation of Horizontal CurvesâInterim Report.â UKTRP-86-4, Frankfort, KY, Ken- tucky Transportation Cabinet (1986), pp. 1â47. 34. Krammes, R. A., and Tyer, K. D., âPost-Mounted Delineators and Raised Pavement Markers: Their Effect on Vehicle Oper- ations at Horizontal Curves on Two-Lane Rural Highways.â Transportation Research Record 1324, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council (1991), pp. 59â71. 35. Hammond, J. L., and Wegmann, F. J., âDaytime Effects of Raised Pavement Markers on Horizontal Curves.â ITE Journal, Vol. 71, No. 8 (2001), pp. 38â41. 36. Blaauw, G. J., âVehicle Guidance by Delineation Systems at Night.â Ergonomics, Vol. 28, No. 12 (1985), pp. 1601â1615. 37. Zwahlen, H. T., and Park, J. Y., âCurve Radius Perception Accuracy as Function of Number of Delineation Devices (Chevrons).â Transportation Research Record 1495, Washing- ton, DC, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council (1995), pp. 99â106. 38. âSun or Moon Rise/Set Table for One Year.â http://aa.usno. navy.mil/data/docs/RS_OneYear.html (9-16-2003) 39. Hauer, E., âObservational Before-After Studies in Road Safety: Estimating the Effect of Highway and Traffic Engineering Measures on Road Safety.â Oxford, United Kingdom, Perga- mon Press, Elsevier Science, Ltd. (1997). 40. Harwood, D. W., Council, F. M., Hauer, E., Hughes, W. E., and Vogt, A., âPrediction of the Expected Safety Performance of 54 Rural Two-Lane Highways.â FHWA-RD-99-207, McLean, VA, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (2000). 41. SAS Web site. http://www.sas.com/index.html (2003) 42. Kallberg, V.-P., âReflector PostsâSigns of Danger?â Trans- portation Research Record 1403, Washington, DC, Trans- portation Research Board, National Research Council (1993), pp. 57â66. 43. Harms, L., âThe Influence of Sight Distance on Subjectâs Lat- eral Control: A Study of Simulated Driving in Fog,â Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute VTI Särtryck (1993), pp. 109â116. www.vti.se/PDF/Epub/kort.pdf 44. Rumar, K., and Marsh, D., âLane Markings in Night Driving: A Review of Past Research and of the Present Situation.â UMTRI-98-50, Ann Arbor, MI, University of Michigan (1998), pp. 1â89. 45. Ritchie, M. L., McCoy, W. K., and Welde, W. L., âA Study of the Relation Between Forward Velocity and Lateral Accelera- tion in Curves During Normal Driving.â Human Factors, Vol. 10, No. 3 (1968), pp. 255â258. 46. U.S. Department of Transportation and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, âFatality Analysis Reporting System.â (1999) 47. Traffic Control Devices Handbook. Institute of Transportation Engineers (2001). 48. Lord, D., âThe Prediction of Accidents on Digital Networks: Characteristics and Issues Related to the Application of Acci- dent Prediction Models.â Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto (2000). 49. Persaud, B. N., Lord, D., and Palmisano, J., âCalibration and Transferability of Accident Prediction Models for Urban Inter- sections.â Transportation Research Record 1784, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies (2002), pp. 57â64. 50. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Roadside Design Guide, Washington, DC (2002). 51. Federal Highway Administration, âTechnical Advisory, Motor Vehicle Accident Costs, T 7570.2.â U.S. Department of Trans- portation (1994). 52. Email from Michael Curtit, Missouri Department of Trans- portation (2003).