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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2004. Safety Evaluation of Permanent Raised Pavement Markers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13724.
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Page 53
Page 54
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2004. Safety Evaluation of Permanent Raised Pavement Markers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13724.
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Page 54

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53 REFERENCES 1. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, “Traffic Safety Facts 2001.” Washington, DC, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, U.S. Department of Transportation (2002). 2. Migletz, J., Fish, J. K., and Graham, J. L., “Roadway Delin- eation Practices Handbook.” FHWA-SA-93-001, Washington, DC, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (1994). 3. Federal Highway Administration, “Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)—Millennium Edition (Part 3— Markings).” U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC (2000). 4. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), “Stan- dard Guide to Properties of High Visibility Materials Used to Improve Individual Safety.” ASTM F923-00, West Consho- hocken, PA (2000), pp. 1–14. 5. Grant, A. R., and Bloomfield, J. R., “Guidelines for the Use of Raised Pavement Markers.” FHWA-RD-97-152, McLean, VA, Federal Highway Administration (1998), pp. 1–58. 6. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), “Stan- dard Specification for Plowable, Raised Retroreflective Pave- ment Markers.” ASTM D 4383-01, West Conshohocken, PA (2001), pp. 1–9. 7. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), “Stan- dard Specification for Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Pris- matic, Raised, Retroreflective Pavement Markers.” ASTM D 4280-00, West Conshohocken, PA (2001), pp. 1–7. 8. Hofmann, K. L., and Dunning, M., “Evaluation of Raised and Recessed Pavement Markers. Final Report.” OR-RD-96-06, Salem, OR, Oregon Department of Transportation (1995), pp. 1–17. 9. Endres, G., “Evaluation of Snowplowable and Recessed Pave- ment Markers—Interim Report.” Lansing, MI, Michigan Department of Transportation (1987), pp. 1–9. 10. Pigman, J. G., and Agent, K. R., “Evaluation of Snowplowable Markers.” FHWA-TS-82-222 Final Report, Frankfort, KY, Kentucky Department of Transportation (1982), pp. 1–38. 11. Kugle, C. L., Pendleton, O. J., and Von Tress, M. S., “An Eval- uation of the Accident Reduction Effectiveness of Raised Pave- ment Markers.” College Station, TX, Texas Transportation Institute (1984), pp. 1–27. 12. Ullman, G. L., “Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers: A Two-Year Field Evaluation in Texas.” TX-94/1946-3F, Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, TX (1994), pp. 1–80. 13. Wright, P. H., Zador, P. L., Park, C. Y., and Karpf, R. S., “Effect of Pavement Markers on Nighttime Crashes in Geor- gia.” Washington, DC, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (1982). 14. Mak, K. K., Chira-Chavala, T., and Griffin, L. I., “Evaluation of the Safety Effects of Raised Pavement Markers.” College Station, TX, Texas Transportation Institute (1987). 15. Griffin, L. I., “Using the Before-and-After Design with Yoked Comparisons to Estimate the Effectiveness of Accident Coun- termeasures Implemented at Multiple Treatment Locations.” College Station, TX, Texas Transportation Institute (1990). 16. Pendleton, O. J., “Evaluation of Accident Analysis Methodol- ogy.” FHWA-RD-96-039, College Station, TX, Texas Trans- portation Institute (1996). 17. New York State Department of Transportation, “Highway Safety Improvement Program—Annual Evaluation Report.” Albany, NY (1989). 18. Orth-Rodgers and Associates, Inc., “Safety and Congestion Management Research and Advanced Technology Applica- tions—Final Report (Technical Assistance to the RPM Task Force).” Research Work Order Number 1, Philadelphia, PA (1998), pp. 1–20. 19. New York State Department of Transportation, “Raised Reflec- torized Snowplowable Pavement Markers: A Report to the Governor.” Albany, NY (1997), pp. 1–88. 20. Khan, M., “Evaluation of Raised Pavement Markers at High Hazard Locations—Final Report.” Columbus, OH, Ohio Depart- ment of Transportation (1980), pp. 1–117. 21. Zador, P. L., Stein, H. S., Wright, P., and Hall, J., “Effects of Chevrons, Post-Mounted Delineators, and Raised Pavement Markers on Driver Behavior at Roadway Curves.” Transporta- tion Research Record 1114, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council (1987), pp. 1–10. 22. Feber, D. J., Crocker, K. J., and Feldmeier, J. M., “The AAA Michigan Road Improvement Demonstration Program: An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Using Safety Enhancements to Help Reduce Societal and Insurance Costs.” 79th Trans- portation Research Board Annual Meeting Pre-Print CD- ROM, Paper #00-1432, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council (2000). 23. McLean, J. R., and Hoffman, E. R., “The Effects of Restricted Preview on Driver Steering Control and Performance.” Human Factors, Vol. 15, No. 4 (1973), pp. 421–430. 24. Mourant, R. R., and Rockwell, T. H., “Mapping Eye-Movement Patterns to the Visual Scene in Driving: An Exploratory Study.” Human Factors, Vol. 12, No. 1 (1970), pp. 81–87. 25. Fisher, A., and Sorensen, K., “Visual Aspects of Road Mark- ings.” CIE 73-1988, Vienna, Austria, Joint Technical Report, CIE /PIARC, Central Bureau of the CIE (1988), pp. 1–53. www.cie.co.at/publ/abst/73-88.html 26. Farber, E., Silver, C. A., Weir, D. H., and McRuer, D. T., “Con- ceptualization of Overtaking and Passing Maneuvers on Two- Lane Rural Roads.” Summary Report, TR-1-193-1, Hawthorne, CA, Driver Control. Systems Technology Inc. (1967). 27. Blaauw, G. J., and Padmos, P., “Nighttime Visibility of Vari- ous Types of Road Markings: A Study on Durability, Including Conditions of Rain, Fog and Dew.” Society of Automotive Engineers 820412 (1982). 28. Pietrucha, M. T., Hostetter, R. S., and Staplin, L., “Markings and Delineation for Older Drivers.” Institute of Transportation Engineers (1995), pp. 614–618. 29. Zwahlen, H. 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30. Mullowney, W. L., “Effect of Raised Pavement Markers on Traffic Performance.” Transportation Research Record 881, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council (1982), pp. 20–29. 31. Niessner, C. W., “Raised Pavement Markers at Hazardous Locations.” FHWA-TS-84-215, McLean, VA, Federal High- way Administration (1984), pp. 1–78. 32. Bowman, B. L., and Brinkman, P., “Effect of Low-Cost Acci- dent Countermeasures on Vehicle Speed and Lateral Placement at Narrow Bridges.” Transportation Research Record 1185, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council (1988), pp. 11–23. 33. Agent, K. R., and Creasey, T., “Delineation of Horizontal Curves—Interim Report.” UKTRP-86-4, Frankfort, KY, Ken- tucky Transportation Cabinet (1986), pp. 1–47. 34. Krammes, R. A., and Tyer, K. D., “Post-Mounted Delineators and Raised Pavement Markers: Their Effect on Vehicle Oper- ations at Horizontal Curves on Two-Lane Rural Highways.” Transportation Research Record 1324, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council (1991), pp. 59–71. 35. Hammond, J. L., and Wegmann, F. J., “Daytime Effects of Raised Pavement Markers on Horizontal Curves.” ITE Journal, Vol. 71, No. 8 (2001), pp. 38–41. 36. Blaauw, G. J., “Vehicle Guidance by Delineation Systems at Night.” Ergonomics, Vol. 28, No. 12 (1985), pp. 1601–1615. 37. Zwahlen, H. T., and Park, J. Y., “Curve Radius Perception Accuracy as Function of Number of Delineation Devices (Chevrons).” Transportation Research Record 1495, Washing- ton, DC, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council (1995), pp. 99–106. 38. “Sun or Moon Rise/Set Table for One Year.” http://aa.usno. navy.mil/data/docs/RS_OneYear.html (9-16-2003) 39. Hauer, E., “Observational Before-After Studies in Road Safety: Estimating the Effect of Highway and Traffic Engineering Measures on Road Safety.” Oxford, United Kingdom, Perga- mon Press, Elsevier Science, Ltd. (1997). 40. Harwood, D. W., Council, F. M., Hauer, E., Hughes, W. E., and Vogt, A., “Prediction of the Expected Safety Performance of 54 Rural Two-Lane Highways.” FHWA-RD-99-207, McLean, VA, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (2000). 41. SAS Web site. http://www.sas.com/index.html (2003) 42. Kallberg, V.-P., “Reflector Posts—Signs of Danger?” Trans- portation Research Record 1403, Washington, DC, Trans- portation Research Board, National Research Council (1993), pp. 57–66. 43. Harms, L., “The Influence of Sight Distance on Subject’s Lat- eral Control: A Study of Simulated Driving in Fog,” Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute VTI Särtryck (1993), pp. 109–116. www.vti.se/PDF/Epub/kort.pdf 44. Rumar, K., and Marsh, D., “Lane Markings in Night Driving: A Review of Past Research and of the Present Situation.” UMTRI-98-50, Ann Arbor, MI, University of Michigan (1998), pp. 1–89. 45. Ritchie, M. L., McCoy, W. K., and Welde, W. L., “A Study of the Relation Between Forward Velocity and Lateral Accelera- tion in Curves During Normal Driving.” Human Factors, Vol. 10, No. 3 (1968), pp. 255–258. 46. U.S. Department of Transportation and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, “Fatality Analysis Reporting System.” (1999) 47. Traffic Control Devices Handbook. Institute of Transportation Engineers (2001). 48. Lord, D., “The Prediction of Accidents on Digital Networks: Characteristics and Issues Related to the Application of Acci- dent Prediction Models.” Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto (2000). 49. Persaud, B. N., Lord, D., and Palmisano, J., “Calibration and Transferability of Accident Prediction Models for Urban Inter- sections.” Transportation Research Record 1784, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies (2002), pp. 57–64. 50. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Roadside Design Guide, Washington, DC (2002). 51. Federal Highway Administration, “Technical Advisory, Motor Vehicle Accident Costs, T 7570.2.” U.S. Department of Trans- portation (1994). 52. Email from Michael Curtit, Missouri Department of Trans- portation (2003).

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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 518: Safety Evaluation of Permanent Raised Pavement Markers examines the safety performance of snowplowable permanent raised pavement markers on two-lane roadways and four-lane freeways.

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