National Academies Press: OpenBook

Optimal Timing of Pavement Preventive Maintenance Treatment Applications (2004)

Chapter: Appendix D - Plan for Constructing and Monitoring Preventive Maintenance Test Sections

« Previous: Appendix C - User s Guide for the Optimal Preventive Maintenance Timing Analytical Tool (OPTime)
Page 66
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Plan for Constructing and Monitoring Preventive Maintenance Test Sections." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2004. Optimal Timing of Pavement Preventive Maintenance Treatment Applications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13772.
×
Page 66
Page 65
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Plan for Constructing and Monitoring Preventive Maintenance Test Sections." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2004. Optimal Timing of Pavement Preventive Maintenance Treatment Applications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13772.
×
Page 65
Page 64
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Plan for Constructing and Monitoring Preventive Maintenance Test Sections." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2004. Optimal Timing of Pavement Preventive Maintenance Treatment Applications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13772.
×
Page 64

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

67 APPENDIX D PLAN FOR CONSTRUCTING AND MONITORING PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE TEST SECTIONS INTRODUCTION The underlying premise of preventive maintenance is that the application of treatments to a pavement in “good” con- dition will provide some benefit above and beyond the per- formance of the untreated pavement. It is further assumed that the benefit will vary, depending on the type of treatment, when it is applied, and the condition of the pavement at the time of application. However, because only a few agencies have had long-term experience with preventive maintenance practices, there is little evidence of these benefits. Attempts to track these benefits after the fact—by examining historical pavement performance data, for example—are problematic because of the absence of critical data, such as the condition of the pavement at the time of treatment application, the qual- ity of construction, and periodic observations of performance. Contributing to the difficulties in documenting the bene- fits of preventive maintenance is the lack of a strong connec- tion between the commonly used methods of monitoring pavement performance and the types of benefits provided by preventive maintenance treatments. Preventive maintenance is often aimed at maintaining or improving functional per- formance while most condition surveys focus on a pavement’s structural performance. Perhaps the best way to evaluate preventive maintenance effectiveness—and show when it is most effective—is through monitoring specially constructed test sections. Properly designed, constructed, and monitored test sections would gen- erate data appropriate for the pavement types, traffic loadings, environmental conditions, and maintenance treatments that are typical of an agency’s practices and conditions. This appendix outlines the steps involved in creating a plan for establishing preventive maintenance test sections that can be used to generate the information needed to implement a successful preventive maintenance program. Results from the experiment would be used to determine the benefits (or effec- tiveness) of specific preventive maintenance treatments based on the age and condition of the pavement. An analysis using the methodology described in Chapter 3 can then be made to identify the optimal time to perform preventive maintenance. The steps in developing the plan include the following: • Identify objectives • Complete experiment design • Construct experiment • Monitor performance • Analyze results OBJECTIVES The first step in developing an experiment is to identify the objectives or goals of the preventive maintenance program to help establish a link between the treatments selected for study, the measures used to monitor performance, and the agency’s expectations. Goals might address pavement smoothness, noise mitigation, accident reduction, and pavement life exten- sion, for example. While the overall objective of the exper- iment is to identify the best time to apply preventive main- tenance, the objective is inextricably linked to preventive maintenance performance objectives. The types of treatments of asphalt and concrete pave- ments that might be evaluated to achieve specific objectives are listed in Table D-1. While almost any treatment could extend pavement life, certain performance objectives would best be achieved with the application of specific treatments. EXPERIMENT DESIGN Perhaps the most important part of the plan is the design of the experiment. An effective design ensures that the objec- tives of the experiment are fully met. Test section sites are selected to meet the immediate and long-term needs of the experiment. While concerns about constructibility and the availability of local support for placing the test sections are recognized. Long-term needs include monitoring and data collection, and subsequent analyses of data. An underlying consideration in locating a test section is to avoid possible confounding factors, such as variability in the pavement con- dition that could impact the interpretation of the results. Some of the key items in the design are discussed in the following sections. Site Selection There are two major issues to consider in site selection: (1) limiting or avoiding confounding factors and (2) ensur- ing that applicable and useful results are obtained from the site. Confounding factors refers to variations in site condi- tions that might later complicate the analysis of the data. Among such factors are non-uniform traffic volumes, cross sections, and support conditions. The key to site selection is to consider the analyses that will be performed and control as many of the factors that will affect them as possible. Under- standing how the findings will eventually be used is another factor in obtaining useful results. For example, if the agency

65 APPENDIXES A THROUGH E UNPUBLISHED CONTRACTOR’S MATERIAL Appendixes A, B, C, and E submitted by the research agency are not published herein. Titles of available appendixes are as follows: APPENDIX A Summary of Agency Experiences APPENDIX B Historical Optimization-Based Approaches Used for Transportation-Related Problems APPENDIX C User’s Guide for the Optimal Preventive Maintenance Timing Analytical Tool (OPTime) APPENDIX D Plan for Constructing and Monitoring Preventive Maintenance Test Sections APPENDIX E Example Illustrating the Inclusion of Different Cost Types Appendixes C and E are accessible on the web at http://trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=4306. The OPTime software in Appendix C can be copied on a CD-ROM for use. For a limited time, copies of Appendixes A and B will be available on a loan basis from the NCHRP. Appendix D is provided on the following pages.

64 REFERENCES 1. Federal Highway Administration, “Pavement Preservation: A Road Map for the Future.” A forum held October 26–28, 1998, Report No. FHWA-SA-99-015, U.S. Department of Transporta- tion, Washington, DC (1999). 2. Federal Highway Administration, “Pavement Management Analysis Multi-Year Prioritization.” Demonstration Project No. 108, Report No. FHWA-SA-97-071, U.S. Department of Trans- portation, Washington, DC (1996). 3. Coopers and Lybrand, and Opinion Research Corporation, “National Highway User Survey.” (1996). 4. Dye Management Group, “Maintenance Management and Administration Evaluation.” Prepared for Washington State Department of Transportation, Bellevue, WA (1996). 5. Survey Research Center, “Survey of Licensed California Drivers Regarding Highway Maintenance Activities.” Execu- tive Summary. University Research Foundation, California State University, Chico, CA (1999). 6. Dye Management Group, “Public Perceptions Report.” Pre- pared for Arizona Department of Transportation’s Customer- Oriented Level of Service Maintenance Management System, Phoenix, AZ (1998). 7. Foundation for Pavement Preservation, “Pavement Preventive Maintenance Guidelines.” Foundation for Pavement Preserva- tion, Falls Church, VA (2001). 8. Arizona Department of Transportation, “Arizona’s Pavement Maintenance Experiment.” Unpublished Report, Phoenix, AZ (2000). 9. Jahren, C. K., Bergeson, K., Al-Hammadi, A, Celik, S., and Lau, G., “Thin Maintenance Surfaces.” Phase One Report, Center for Transportation Research and Education, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (1999) 10. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, “Pavement Preservation in the United States: Sur- vey by the Lead States Team on Pavement Preservation,” http://leadstates.transportation.org/pp/survey/survey_report. pdf, (1999). 11. Michigan Department of Transportation, “Capital Preventive Maintenance Program Guidelines.” Maintenance Division, Lansing, MI (1999). 12. California Department of Transportation, “Capital Preventive Maintenance Program—Guidelines” dated June 20, 1999, in Cal- trans Pavement Preservation Program. Sacramento, CA (1999). 13. Peshkin, D. G., Smith, K. D., Zimmerman, K. A., and Geoffroy, D. N., “Pavement Preservation: The Preventive Maintenance Concept.” FHWA Course 131054 Reference Manual. FHWA- HI-00-004, Federal Highway Administration/National Highway Institute, Washington, DC, (1999). 14. Seeds, S. B., Jackson, N. C., Peshkin, D. G., Smith, K. D., and Wade, M. J., “Techniques for Pavement Rehabilitation.” Sixth Edition, Federal Highway Administration/National Highway Institute, Washington, DC (1998). 15. American Concrete Pavement Association, The Concrete Pave- ment Restoration Guide—Procedures for Preserving Concrete Pavements. Technical Bulletin, Skokie, IL (1998). 16. Larson, R.M., Petersen, D., and Correa, A., Retrofit Load Transfer: Special Demonstration Project SP-204. Publication No. FHWA-SA-98-047, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC (1998). 17. Morian, D., Epps, J., and Gibson, S., “Pavement Treatment Effectiveness, 1995 SPS-3 and SPS-4 Site Evaluations, National Report.” Report No. FHWA-RD-96-208, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washing- ton, DC (1997). 18. Morian, D., Gibson, S., and Epps, J., “Maintaining Flexible Pavements—The Long Term Pavement Performance Experi- ment. SPS-3 5-Year Data Analysis.” Report No. FHWA-RD-97- 102, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC (1998). 19. Scofield, L. and Epps, J. “Survey of Pavement Maintenance Practices in Arizona.” Draft Report, Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix, AZ (1999). 20. Freeman, T. J., “Supplemental Maintenance Effectiveness Research Program (SMERP).” Presentation at the AGC Pave- ment Preservation Seminar, October 4–5, Austin, TX (1999). 21. Syed, I. M., Freeman, T. J., and Smith, R. E., “Effectiveness of Highway Maintenance Treatments Used in Texas.” Flexible Pavement Rehabilitation and Maintenance, Special Technical Publication (STP) 1348, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA (1998). 22. Wade, M., DeSombre, R., and Peshkin, D., “High Volume/ High Speed Asphalt Roadway Preventive Maintenance Treat- ments.” Publication No. SD99-09, South Dakota Department of Transportation, Pierre, SD (2001). 23. Federal Highway Administration, “Life-Cycle Cost Analysis in Pavement Design.” Publication No. FHWA-SA-98-079, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC (1998). 24. Texas Research and Development Incorporated Infrastructure and Systems Engineering, “Evaluation of Pavement Manage- ment, Rehabilitation Techniques and Materials, and Compari- son of Design Methods, Report No. 1, Volume I.” ADOT Proj- ect SPR-404, Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix, AZ (1999). 25. Texas Research and Development Incorporated Infrastructure and Systems Engineering, “Evaluation of Pavement Manage- ment, Rehabilitation Techniques and Materials, and Comparison of Design Methods, Report No. 1, Volume II—Appendices.” ADOT Project SPR-404, Arizona Department of Transporta- tion, Phoenix, AZ (1999). 26. B. T. Bellner & Associates, “Effectiveness of the Capital Pre- ventive Maintenance Program.” Report prepared for MDOT, Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing, MI (2001). 27. Chatti, K. and Lee, D., Development of a Preventive Mainte- nance Strategy for Minimizing Roughness-Related Pavement Damage. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1769. TRB, The National Academies, Washington, DC (2001). 28. 2001 Road Oil Summary, NCDOT State Road Maintenance Unit, Raleigh, NC (2001). 29. North Carolina Department of Transportation, “Standard Spec- ifications for Roads and Structures.” Raleigh, NC (2002).

Next: Appendix E - Example Illustrating the Inclusion of Different Cost Types »
Optimal Timing of Pavement Preventive Maintenance Treatment Applications Get This Book
×
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 523: Optimal Timing of Pavement Preventive Maintenance Treatment Applications describes a methodology for determining the optimal timing for the application of preventive maintenance treatments to flexible and rigid pavements. NCHRP Report 523 also presents the methodology in the form of a macro-driven Microsoft Excel Visual Basic Application--designated OPTime.

OPTime User’s Guide

Download the OPTime CD-ROM (.ISO) Image

Help on burning a .ISO CD Image

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!