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8
Thus, a thin overlay should not be considered a preventive traffic loads, and the interaction between the two. However,
maintenance treatment when it is applied to badly alligator- initial deterioration results almost solely from environmental
cracked pavement, neither should a slurry seal when it is effects.
placed on a cracked and oxidized surface. Selecting the appro- It is a fundamental tenet of treatment performance that the
priate treatment together with determining the appropriate tim- same treatment performs differently when applied at differ-
ing of its placement constitutes a preventive maintenance strat- ent times in the life of the pavement (or on pavements in
egy. These elements of preventive maintenance are captured varying condition). For example, placing a thin bituminous
in the following definition (1): surfacing (such as a chip seal) on top of a 2-month old pave-
ment may not increase the pavement's life because the pave-
. . . the planned strategy of cost effective treatments to an ment may show structural deterioration once the surfacing
existing roadway system and its appurtenances that pre- wears off. Similarly, placing the same treatment near the end
serves the system, retards future deterioration, and main- of the pavement's life (i.e., when the surface is aged and
tains or improves the functional condition of the system worn and the pavement is exhibiting signs of structural dete-
[without increasing structural capacity].
rioration) will have a minimal effect on pavement perfor-
mance because the condition of the underlying pavement will
Many factors should be considered when selecting the
control performance. Therefore, for a given pavement, there
most appropriate preventive maintenance treatment for a given
is an optimal age or condition (or a range of age or condition)
pavement. Some of those factors relate to the limitations of the where the benefit/cost (B/C) ratio associated with a chosen
treatments; important attributes or characteristics of some of treatment is maximized; this is defined as the optimal timing
the common preventive maintenance treatments are described for the treatment.
later in this chapter. Constructibility and customer satisfac-
tion are other factors to consider. Constructibility pertains to
the availability of skilled contractors and suitable materials, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
environmental constraints, and other factors such as traffic TREATMENTS FOR BITUMINOUS- AND
control constraints and available lane closures that affect the CONCRETE-SURFACED PAVEMENTS
placement of the treatments. Customer satisfaction pertains
Different approaches are used to identify which pavement
to traffic disruption, noise impacts, surface friction, and ride
treatments are considered "preventive." For example, the
quality; it is becoming increasingly important for many agen-
Michigan DOT (MDOT) preventive maintenance program
cies. While all these issues are important, this project focuses
lists the 20 treatments shown in Table 1 (11). In Caltrans'
on performance attributes. These attributes include the treat-
Capital Preventive Maintenance (CAPM) program, grinding
ment's expected life, the effect of the existing pavement con-
and removal and replacement of failed slabs are described for
dition on performance of the treatment, the effect of the treat-
concrete-surfaced pavements, and thin overlays and "pre-
ment on the pavement condition, the effect of the climate on
mium seal coats" (microsurfacing, polymer- and rubber-
treatment performance, and the treatment cost.
modified chip seals, modified binder open-graded hot-mix
asphalt (HMA) blankets, and thin, hot-applied, gap-graded
Pavement Deterioration and Treatment Timing applications) are described for bituminous-surfaced pavements
(12). In an FHWA course on pavement preservation, at least
Deterioration of a well designed and constructed pave- 11 bituminous-surfaced pavement treatments and 8 concrete-
ment occurs as a result of the effects of the environment, the surfaced pavement treatments are described (13).
TABLE 1 Treatments included in MDOT's 1999 and 2000
Capital Preventive Maintenance program (11)
Concrete-Surfaced Pavements Bituminous-Surfaced Pavements
Full depth concrete pavement repair Bituminous overlay
Joint resealing Surface milling and bituminous overlay
Crack sealing Ultrathin bituminous overlay
Joint and surface spall repair Crack treatment
Dowel bar retrofit Overband crack filling
Diamond grinding Microsurfacing
Underdrain outlet repair and cleaning Chip seals
Concrete pavement restoration Bituminous shoulder ribbons
Bituminous shoulder ribbons Shoulder seals
Paver placed surface seals
Hot in-place bituminous recycling
