Pier and Contraction Scour in Cohesive Soils (2004)

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UNIT CONVERSIONS This report is in SI units. The following conversion table is provided for convenience. The SRICOS-EFA program allows for the use of SI or American customary units. Acceleration 9.81 m/s2=386.22 in./s2=32.185 ft/s2, Paris: g=9.80665 m/s2, London: g = 3.2174 × 101 ft/s2 Area 1 m2 = 1.5500 × 103 in2 = 1.0764 × 101 ft2 = 1.196 yd2 = 106 mm2 = 104 cm2 = 2.471 × 10-4 acres = 3.861 × 10-7 mi2 = 1.0000 × 10-4 hectares Bending Stiffness 1 kN.m2 = 103 N.m2 =106 kN.mm2 = 2.4198 × 103 lb.ft2 =2.4198 kip.ft2 =3.4845 × 102 kip.in2 = 3.4845 × 105 lb.in2 Coefficient of consolidation 1 m2/s = 3.1557 × 107 m2/yr = 104 cm2/s =6x 105 cm2/min = 3.6 × 107 cm2/h = 8.64 × 108 cm2/day = 2.628 × 1010 cm2/month = 3.1536 × 1011 cm2/year = 1.550 × 103 in2/s = 4.0734 × 109 in2/month = 1.3392 × 108 in2/day = 4.8881 × 1010 in2/year = 9.3000 × 105 ft2/day = 2.8288 × 107 ft2/month = 3.3945 × 108 ft2/year Flow 1 m3/s = 106 cm3/s = 8.64 × 104 m3/day = 8.64 × 1010 cm3/day = 3.5314 × 101 ft3/s = 3.0511 × 106 ft3/day Force 10 kN = 2.2481 × 103 lb = 2.2481 kip = 1.1240 t (short ton = 2000 lb) = 1.0197 × 103 kg = 1.0197 × 106 g = 1.0197 T (metric ton= 1000 kg) = 109 dynes = 3.5969 × 104 ounces = 1.022 tl (long ton = 2200 lb) Force per unit length 1 kN/m = 6.8522 × 101 lb/ft = 6.8522 × 10-2 kip/ft = 3.4261 × 10-2 t/ft = 1.0197 × 102 kg/m = 1.0197 × 10-1 T/m Length 1 m = 3.9370 × 101 in. = 3.2808 ft = 1.0936 yd = 1010 Angstrom = 106 microns = 103 mm = 102 cm = 10-3 km = 6.2137 × 10-4 mile = 5.3996 × 10-4 nautical mile Moment or energy 1 kN.m = 7.3756 × l02 lb.ft = 7.3756 × 10-1 kip.ft = 3.6878 × 10-1 t.ft = 1.0197 × 103 g.cm = 1.0197 × 102 kg.m = 1.0197 × 10-1 T.m = 103 N.m = 103 Joule Moment of inertia 1 m4 = 2.4025 × 106 in4 = 1.1586 × 102 ft4 = 1.4304 yd4 = 108 cm4 = 1012 mm4 Moment per unit length 1 kN.m/m = 2.2481 × 102 lb.ft/ft = 2.2481 × 10-1 kip.ft/ft = 1.1240 × 10-1 t.ft/ft = 1.0197 × 102 kg.m/m = 1.0197 × 10-1 T.m/m Pressure 100 kPa = 102 kN/m2 = 1.4504 × 101 lb/in.2 = 2.0885 × 103 lb/ft2 = 1.4504 × 10-2 kip/in.2 = 2.0885 kip/ft2 = 1.0443 t/ft2 = 7.5006 × 101 cm of Hg (0 °C) = 1.0197 kg/cm 2 = 1.0197 × 101 T/m2 = 9.8692 × 10-1 Atm = 3.3489 × 101 ft of H2O (60 °F) = 1.0000 bar = 106 dynes/cm2 Temperature °C = 5/9 (°F – 32), °K =°C + 273.15 Time 1 yr. = 12 mo. = 365 day = 8760 hr = 5.256 × 105 min = 3.1536 × 107s Unit weight, 10 kN/m3 = 6.3659 × 101 lb/ft3 = 3.6840 × 10-2 lb/in.3 = 1.0197 g/cm3 = 1.0197 T/m3 = 1.0197 × 103 kg/m3 coefficient of subgrade reaction Velocity or permeability 1 m/s = 3.6 km/h = 2.2369 mile/h = 6 × 101 m/min = 102 cm/s = 3.15 × 107 m/yr = 1.9685 × 102 ft/min = 3.2808 ft/s = 1.0346 × 108ft/year = 2.8346 × 105 ft/day Volume 1 m3 = 6.1024 × 104 in.3 = 3.5315 × 101 ft3 = 1.3080 yd3 = 109 mm3 = 106 cm3 = 103 dm3 = 33814.02 ounces = 2113.38 pints (US) = 103 liter = 2.1997 × 102 gallon (UK) = 2.6417 × 102 gallon (US) Volume loss in a tubing 1 cm3/m/kPa = 8.91 × 10-4 in.3/ft/psf Reproduced from: Briaud, J.-L., 1992, “The Pressuremeter”, A.A. Balkema Publishers (email: info@ashgate.com) (web - http://balkema.ima.nl) 118