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NCHRP Report 516: Pier and Contraction Scour in Cohesive Soils (2004)
National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP)

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Wang, J, Briaud, J-L, Li, Y, Chen, H-C, Nurtjahyo, P, Transportation Research Board. "Appendix A - Photographs from the Flume Tests." NCHRP Report 516: Pier and Contraction Scour in Cohesive Soils. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004.

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Page
119
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Page
119
Front Matter (R1-R10)
Summary (1-7)
1.4 Why Was This Problem Addressed? (8-8)
1.5 Approach Selected to Solve the Problem (9-9)
2.4 Erodibility and Correlation to Soil and Rock Properties (10-13)
3.3 EFA Test Data Reduction (14-14)
3.4 EFA Precision and Typical Results (15-16)
4.2 Small Flood Followed by Big Flood (17-17)
4.3 Big Flood Followed by Small Flood and General Case (18-18)
4.4 Hard Soil Layer Over Soft Soil Layer (19-20)
4.6 Equivalent Time (21-21)
4.7 Extended and Simple SRICOS-EFA Method (22-23)
4.8 Case Histories (24-25)
4.9 Predicted and Measured Local Scour for the Eight Bridges (26-28)
4.10 Conclusions (29-29)
5.4 Measuring Equipment (30-31)
5.5 Soils and Soil Bed Preparation (32-32)
5.6 Flume Tests: Procedure and Measurement (33-33)
5.8 Shallow Water Effect on Maximum Pier Scour Depth (34-35)
5.9 Shallow Water Effect on Initial Shear Stress (36-36)
5.11 Pier Spacing Effect on Maximum Scour Depth (37-37)
5.12 Pier Spacing Effect on Initial Scour Rate (38-38)
5.15 Pier Shape Effect on Initial Scour Rate (39-39)
5.18 Attack Angle Effect on Maximum Scour Depth (40-41)
5.20 Attack Angle Effect on Scour Hole Shape (42-42)
5.21 Maximum Scour Depth Equation for Complex Pier Scour (43-44)
6.2 Existing Knowledge on Numerical Simulations for Scour (45-45)
6.5 Shallow Water Effect: Numerical Simulation Results (46-46)
6.6 Shallow Water Effect on Maximum Shear Stress (47-47)
6.7 Pier Spacing Effect: Numerical Simulation Results (48-48)
6.9 Pier Shape Effect: Numerical Simulation Results (49-50)
6.10 Pier Shape Effect on Maximum Shear Stress (51-51)
6.11 Attack Angle Effect: Numerical Simulation Results (52-52)
6.12 Attack Angle Effect on Maximum Shear Stress (53-53)
6.13 Maximum Shear Stress Equation for Complex Pier Scour (54-55)
7.3 Flume Tests and Measurements (56-56)
7.4 Flume Tests: Flow Observations and Results (57-58)
7.5 Flume Tests: Scour Observations and Results (59-59)
7.6 Maximum and Uniform Contraction Depths for the Reference Cases (60-62)
7.7 Location of Maximum Contraction Depth for the Reference Cases (63-63)
7.8 Correction Factors for Transition Angle and Contraction Length (64-64)
7.9 SRICOS-EFA Method Using HEC-RAS Generated Velocity (65-65)
7.11 Scour Depth Equations for Contraction Scour (66-67)
8.3 Transition Angle Effect: Numerical Simulation Results (68-68)
8.4 Contracted Length Effect: Numerical Simulation Results (69-71)
8.6 Maximum Shear Stress Equation for Contraction Scour (72-75)
9.3 The Integrated SRICOS-EFA Method: Step-by-Step Procedure (76-80)
9.5 The SRICOS-EFA Program (81-83)
9.6 Output of the SRICOS-EFA Program (84-84)
10.4 Gill (1981) Database: Contraction Scour (85-87)
10.5 Remarks (88-88)
11.2 Preparation of the Future Hydrographs (89-89)
11.3 Risk Approach to Scour Predictions (90-90)
11.4 Observations on Current Risk Levels (91-92)
12.2 Example 2: Single Rectangular Pier with Attack Angle and Approaching Hydrograph (93-94)
12.3 Example 3: Group Rectangular Piers with Attack Angle and Approaching Constant Velocity (95-98)
12.4 Example 4: Contracted Channel with 90-Degree Transition Angle and Approaching Constant Velocity (99-102)
12.5 Example 5: Contracted Channel with 60-Degree Transition Angle and Approaching Hydrograph (103-104)
12.6 Example 6: Bridge with Group Piers and Contracted Channel with Hydrograph in Contracted Section (105-110)
13.1 Conclusions (111-112)
13.2 Recommendations, (113-113)
References (114-115)
Nomenclature (116-117)
Unit Conversions (118-118)
Appendix A - Photographs from the Flume Tests (119-125)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (126-126)

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OCR for page 119
A-1 APPENDIX A PHOTOGRAPHS FROM THE FLUME TESTS

OCR for page 120
A-2 Figure A1 Flow Pattern around Pier under Shallow Figure A4 Pier Scour Hole in Sand under Shallow Water Water Condition. Condition. Figure A2 Pier Scour Hole under Shallow Water Figure A5 Scour Hole of Test Gr-1. Condition--Front View. Figure A3 Pier Scour Hole under Shallow Water Figure A6 Scour Hole of Test Gr-2. Condition--Back View.

OCR for page 121
A-3 Figure A7 Flow Pattern around Pier Group in Test Gr-3. Figure A10 Scour Hole of Test Gr-3--Back View (Large Scale). Figure A8 Scour Hole of Test Gr-3--Back View. Figure A11 Flow Pattern around Pier Group in Test Gr-4. Figure A9 Scour Hole of Test Gr-3--Top View. Figure A12 Scour Hole in Test Sh-3.

OCR for page 122
A-4 Figure A13 Flow Pattern around Rectangular Pier in Figure A16 Scour Hole in Test At-6--Front View. Test Sh-5. Figure A14 Scour Hole in Test At-1--Back View. Figure A17 Scour Hole in Test At-6--Back View. Figure A15 Scour Hole in Test At-1--Front View. Figure A18 Scour Hole in Test At-3.

OCR for page 123
A-5 Figure A21 Scour Hole in Test Cp-2. Figure A19 Scour Hole in Test At-8. Figure A22 Scour Hole in Contraction Scour Test 1. Figure A20 Scour Hole Contour in Test Cp-1. Figure A23 Scour Hole in Contraction Scour Test 2.

OCR for page 124
A-6 Figure A24 Scour Hole in Contraction Scour Test 2-- Figure A27 Flow Pattern in Contraction Scour Test 3. Overview. Figure A25 Flow Pattern in Contraction Scour Test 2. Figure A28 Scour Hole in Contraction Scour Test 9. Figure A26 Scour Hole in Contraction Scour Test 3. Figure A29 Scour Hole in Contraction Scour Test 10.

OCR for page 125
A-7 Figure A30 Scour Hole in Contraction Scour Test 13-- Figure A32 Flow Pattern in Contraction Scour Test 14. Top View. Figure A31 Scour Hole in Contraction Scour Test 13-- Figure A33 Scour Hole in Contraction Scour Test 14. Back View.