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the latter as such. Table 2-3 contains a complete list of water- load (TMDL) allocations, 70% of the DOTs ranked identifi-
shed research priority areas and rankings. cation of valid monitoring methods as a research priority.
Ranked lower, but still a priority area to more than 50% of
the state DOTs were deicing agent selection criteria. The role
2.3. RUNOFF CHARACTERIZATION of total suspended solids (TSS) and dissolved organic carbon
(DOC) in controlling dissolved metal concentration was also
As illustrated in Table 2-4, the highest rankings among
an area of interest and ranked 28th. Regulatory pressures are
state DOT topic areas pertaining to highway runoff charac-
more acute in some areas than in others; water quality prob-
terization suggest the DOTs' interest in research that charac-
lems due to urbanization and heavy metal concentration in
terizes their responsibilities and where they should devote
relation to or projected from total connected impervious area
the most attention:
in the watershed also was ranked relatively low (37th), but
this rapid assessment technique is considered promising in
· Contribution of highway runoff to watershed loadings
areas looking for creative and cost-effective approaches
(a high or mid-level priority to 82% the DOTs; ranked
to TMDL allocations and endangered species concerns.
7th), and
Only one-half of the state DOTs indicated that they con-
· Threshold traffic densities below which certain pollu-
duct stormwater monitoring, perhaps explaining the lower-
tants in highway runoff can be considered negligible or than-anticipated level of interest in runoff characterization or
irreducible and can be dispersed on roadsides (a high or receiving waters impact assessment.
mid-level priority to 76% of DOTs; ranked 8th).
Both of these research questions were characterized as high 2.4. IMPACTS TO RECEIVING WATERS
priorities by more than 50% of the DOTs. To better answer
such questions and to address requests of regulatory agencies Chemical, toxic, and physical impacts on aquatic biota of
with relation to the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination stormwater discharges--topics at the top of many university
System (NPDES) permits and to the total maximum daily researchers' lists--received only middling interest from DOT
TABLE 2-3 Watershed research areas ranked in priority by state DOTs
Number of State DOTs Ranking
Each Research Area
Research Areas Pertaining to Watersheds
SCORE
High Mid-level Low
RANK
Priority Priority Priority
(3) (2) (1)
WEIGHT 4 2 -1
Contribution of highway runoff to watershed
8 26 12 11 117
loadings
Demonstrating the costs and benefits of
14 alternative, offsite, and watershed-based 17 21 9 101
stormwater mitigation
Best methods for improving stream ecology
16 through water quality BMPsalternatives to 18 18 12 96
regulating runoff in urban areas
Methodologies to determine where flow control
of runoff volumes and high flow durations are
24 14 21 12 86
appropriate to prevent stream bank erosion in
ultra-urban areas
Characterization on a watershed basis and the
26 availability and prioritization of sites for 14 19 14 80
constructed wetlands
The ability of watershed or regionally based
enhancements of wet weather storage capacity
32 to improve baseline (high and low flow) 13 18 18 70
hydrology and ecological productivity
downstream
Water quality problems due to urbanization and
heavy metal concentration in relation to or
37 8 21 20 54
projected from total connected impervious area
in the watershed
