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NCHRP Report 571: Standardized Procedures for Personal Travel Surveys (2008)
National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP)

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Pisarski, Alan E, Alsnih, Rahaf, Zmud, Johanna P, Wilmot, Chester G, Brog, Werner, Freedman, Mark, Stopher, Peter R, Pratt, Joanne, Mix, Wende, Lee-Gosselin, Martin, Stecher, Cheryl, Axhausen, Kay W, Transportation Research Board. "4.1.3 I-8: SP Data." NCHRP Report 571: Standardized Procedures for Personal Travel Surveys. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2008.

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Page
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Front Matter (R1-R10)
Summary (1-4)
1.1 Background (5-5)
1.2 Study Objectives (6-6)
1.4 Research Approach (7-8)
1.5 Report Organization (9-9)
Chapter 2 - Summary of Recommended Standardized Procedures and Guidelines (10-10)
2.1.1 I-1: Minimum Question Specification (11-11)
2.1.2 I-2: Categories for Minimum and Other Questions (12-12)
2.2.1 D-1: Number and Type of Contacts (13-16)
2.2.2 D-3: Proxy Reporting (17-17)
2.2.3 D-4: Complete Household Definition (18-18)
2.2.4 D-6: Sample Replacement (19-19)
2.2.6 D-8: Unit Non-Response (20-20)
2.2.7 D-10: Initial Contacts (21-21)
2.2.9 D-14: Respondent Burden (22-22)
2.3.1 P-2: Requirements for Pretests or Pilot Surveys (23-23)
2.4.1 E-2: Ethics (24-25)
2.4.3 E-4: Respondent Questions (26-26)
2.4.5 E-9: Answering Machines and Repeated Call-Back Requests (27-27)
2.4.8 E-12: Time of Day to Begin and End Reporting (28-28)
2.5.1 C-1: Geocoding Standards (29-29)
2.5.3 C-4: Missing Values, Use of Zero, Etc. (30-30)
2.5.4 C-5: Coding Complex Variables (31-34)
2.6.1 A-1: Assessing Sample Bias (35-35)
2.6.3 A-3: Missing Data Imputation (36-36)
2.6.5 A-6: Documentation (37-38)
2.7.1 Q-1: Computing Response Rates (39-39)
2.7.2 Q-2: Transportation Measures of Quality (40-40)
2.7.3 Q-3: Coverage Error (41-41)
2.7.5 Q-6: Validation Statistics (42-42)
2.7.7 Q-8: Number of Missing Values (43-43)
2.7.8 Q-9: Adherence to Quality Standards and Guidelines (44-44)
3.3 National Highway Institute Course (45-45)
3.6 Potential Funding for the Promulgation and Maintenance of the Standardized Procedures and Guidelines (46-47)
4.1.1 D-11: GPS Surveys (48-48)
4.1.3 I-8: SP Data (49-49)
4.2.1 D-2: Who Should Be Surveyed? (50-50)
4.2.2 D-9: Times of Day for Contacts (51-51)
4.2.4 E-7: Cross-Checks in Data Collection and Data Review (52-52)
4.2.5 E-8: Days and Periods to Avoid Data Collection (53-53)
4.2.7 I-4: Ordering of Questions (54-54)
4.2.8 I-6: Instrument Design (55-55)
4.2.9 I-7: Multitasking of Activities (56-56)
4.2.10 S-1: Sample Sizes (57-57)
4.2.12 S-3: Collecting Augment Samples (58-58)
4.2.13 S-4: Stratification Options for Samples (59-59)
4.2.15 S-6: Development of Default Variances (60-60)
4.2.16 P-1: Focus Groups (61-61)
4.2.18 Q-4: Sampling Error (62-62)
4.3.1 Cell Phones (63-63)
4.3.3 Personalized Interview Techniques (64-64)
4.3.5 Impacts of the National Do Not Call Registry (65-65)
4.3.7 Refusal and Non-Contact Conversions (66-66)
4.3.10 Data Archiving in Transportation (67-67)
5.2.1 Scope of Work (68-90)
5.2.2 Schedule of Work (91-92)
Glossary (93-100)
References (101-103)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (104-104)

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Procedures and Measures for Further Research 49 Table 1. Procedures and measures for further research. Category Original Item reference Items beyond scope of D-11 GPS surveys project D-12 Internet surveys I-8 SP data Items originally D-2 Who should be surveyed? identified and not D-9 Times of day for contacts researched E-6 Retention of data on incomplete households E-7 Cross checks in data collection and data review E-8 Days and periods to avoid data collection I-3 Collection of in-home activities I-4 Ordering of questions I-6 Instrument design I-7 Multitasking of activities S-1 Sample size S-2 Sizes and procedures for surveying augment samples S-3 Collecting augment samples S-4 Stratification options for samples S-5 Specification of sampling error requirements S-6 Development of default variances P-1 Focus groups P-5 Reporting of pretests and pilot surveys Q-4 Sampling error Other items identified ­ Cell phones during research ­ Incentives ­ Personalized interview techniques ­ Geocoding methods ­ Impacts of the national "do not call" registry ­ Initial contacts ­ Refusal and non-contact conversions ­ Effect of interview mode on recruitment and non-response rates ­ Unknown eligibility rates ­ Data archiving in transportation 4.1.2 D-12: Internet Surveys Internet surveys are similar to GPS surveys in that it is a data collection mechanism that is emerging at the present and has yet to undergo extensive field testing. Nevertheless, like GPS sur- veys, it is likely to be a technique that will evolve rapidly and, if successful, be incorporated more and more frequently as a potential means for a household to provide the data for a household travel survey. Again, it is an experimental procedure that is not yet in the mainstream although several current surveys are working to offer Internet as an alternative means of response for a number of households. Again, there is enormous potential for defining standardized procedures and providing guide- lines. These may address such issues of how to provide access to websites, the type of graphics and other materials to be provided, building in cross checks on data and cross-referencing travel of other household members, encryption, and a variety of ethical issues that will arise with Internet surveys. As with GPS, however, this area is considered too under-developed for this project. Stan- dardized procedures should be considered during the next 2 or 3 years and may, again, require a number of comparative studies in order to determine what consistent practice should be. 4.1.3 I-8: SP Data Many recent travel surveys have included collection of stated-choice data, more commonly referred to as "stated-preference" or SP data. Assuming that such data will become more and more a standard element of many surveys, standardized procedures and guidelines are almost certainly