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APPENDIX A
Survey Questionnaire
NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM
PROJECT 20-5, SYNTHESIS TOPIC 33-10
STEEL BRIDGE ERECTION PRACTICES
OWNER QUESTIONNAIRE
There are many varied steel bridge erection practices, used on increasingly complex structural systems, which have a signifi-
cant effect on the final profile, location, and position of the erected members. The primary concern is how do these different
erection practices, as prescribed by owners and/or developed and implemented by erectors, affect the final position and func-
tion of the erected members. This questionnaire is only for steel I-girder and box-girder bridges, with particular empha-
sis on curved, skewed, and staged or widened structures.
Your help in developing a synthesis report of the issues, problems, and results of these erection practices is requested through
the completion of this questionnaire. The information you provide will be used to develop a report that will provide an up-to-
date compilation of current issues, problems, and practices.
Please return your completed questionnaire via e-mail, before August 9, 2002, to frbeckmann@att.net.
Please send the requested specifications and other documentation before August 9, 2002, to:
Fred Beckmann
Consultant
167 Hawthorne Lane
Chicago Heights, IL 60411
If you have any questions, please contact Mr. Beckmann by telephone at 708-754-1677 or by e-mail at frbeckmann@att.net.
Note: 1. The gray square boxes may be checked using the space bar on the keyboard or with a left mouse click.
2. The gray rectangular areas query a written entry that will allow multiple lines of text.
3. Save responses before closing a partially completed document and retrieve them when reopening the file.
Please provide the name of the person completing this questionnaire or someone who may be contacted to obtain any needed
follow-up information:
Name: ________________________________________
Title: ________________________________________
Agency: ________________________________________
Address: ________________________________________
Town/State/Zip: ________________________________________
Telephone: ________________________________________
Fax: ________________________________________
E-mail Address: ________________________________________
Thank you very much for your help.
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22
STATE QUESTIONNAIRE
This questionnaire has been developed as part of an NCHRP Synthesis Report addressing erection practices for steel I-girder
and box-girder bridges, with particular emphasis on skewed, curved, and staged or widened structures. Please answer
the questions from that perspective. Also note that this questionnaire is divided into five parts: General, Design, Fabrication
and Detailing, Erection, and Other.
When returning any supporting documents with the report, please indicate the number of the applicable question. Also, in
instances where a contact person is requested, please provide a name, telephone number, and e-mail address for follow-up
considerations.
GENERAL
1. Please send a copy of your state's Standard Construction Specifications or those parts dealing with steel bridge fabrica-
tion and erection for comparison with the current AASHTO requirements.
2. Are there separate Standard Special Provisions or such documents, not part of your Standard Construction Specifications
relating to steel erection, which are generally or often part of the bid documents for steel structures?
Yes No
If Yes, please return a copy of those documents with this questionnaire.
3. Have you experienced any problems in the alignment, deflection, or final position (both girder elevation and web verti-
cality) of steel members after erection and/or deck pour that may be attributable to construction specification issues?
Yes No
If Yes, please furnish contact (if different from person named on Page 1)
Name , Phone , E-mail address ,
and any other available information
4. Have you experienced any stability issues as a result of wind loads, deck overhang, concrete placement, lifting and han-
dling, and temporary and/or permanent bracing or supports?
Yes No
If Yes, please furnish contact (if different from person named on Page 1)
Name , Phone , E-mail address ,
and any other available information
5. Have you experienced any problems with staged construction that may be attributable to erection requirements or practices?
Yes No
If Yes, please furnish contact (if different from person named on Page 1)
Name , Phone , E-mail address ,
and any other available information
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DESIGN
6. Do you require the design to show an erection procedure (similar to requirements for truss and cable-stayed bridges) for com-
plex structures where there may be potential problems in alignment, deflection, or final position (girder elevation and web
verticality) of the members due to skewed piers and abutments, curved structures, differential deflections, span lengths, etc.?
Yes No
If Yes, please furnish a typical sample of those requirements.
7. What impact does the sophistication of the design and analysis practices have on erection practices or procedures?
8. Have you experienced any problems in the alignment, deflection, or final position (girder elevation and web verticality)
of steel members after erection and/or deck pour that may be attributable to design issues (differential deflection, curved
members, skewed supports, etc.)?
Yes No
If Yes, please furnish contact (if different from person named on Page 1)
Name , Phone , E-mail address ,
and any other available information
9. If you are concerned with actual deflections and girder rotations due to geometry, what methods of analysis do you use to
predict these deflections for straight or curved I-girders or box girders on normal or skewed supports?
10. Do you have requirements for flange width-to-thickness ratios or flange width-to-web-depth ratios that are different from
those cited in AASHTO?
Yes No
If Yes, please furnish a copy of these requirements.
11. Do you have any requirements for flange width-to-member-length ratios for handling and erection concerns?
Yes No
If Yes, please furnish a copy of these requirements.
FABRICATION AND DETAILING
12. Have you experienced any problems in the alignment, deflection, or final position (girder elevation and web verticality)
of steel members after erection and/or deck pour that may be attributable to fabrication and detailing issues?
Yes No
If Yes, please furnish contact (if different from person named on Page 1)
Name , Phone , E-mail address ,
and any other available information
13. Are your shop assembly requirements specified in the documents furnished in Questions 1 and 2?
Yes No
If No, please furnish a copy of these requirements.
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14. Do you allow alternative shop assembly methods to those specified if so requested?
Yes No
If Yes, under what conditions?
15. Do you allow the use of oversized holes in crossframes and connection stiffeners for skewed or curved structures?
Yes No
If Yes, under what conditions?
ERECTION
16. Have you experienced any problems in the alignment, deflection, or final position (girder elevation and web verticality)
of steel members after erection and/or deck pour that may be attributable to erection issues?
Yes No
If Yes, please furnish contact (if different from person named on Page 1)
Name , Phone , E-mail address ,
and any other available information
17. Were the problems noted in Question 16 due to improper erection procedures?
Yes No
If Yes, please comment.
18. Were the problems noted in Question 16 due to improper implementation of the erection procedures?
Yes No
If Yes, please comment.
19. Have field inspection verification procedures been acceptable?
Yes No
If No, please comment.
20. Do you require the erector to submit an analysis and erection procedure regardless of whether or not one was performed
by the designer?
Yes No
Please comment.
21. Do you check and approve erection procedures submitted by the erector?
Yes No
If Yes, in what detail. If No, why not?
22. What impact do erection procedures written by the state DOT or transportation agency have on the quality of the erected
structure (if required, see Question 6)?
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23. What good field connection practices do you feel have the most impact on the final geometry of the erected structure?
24. What temporary methods have you successfully used in erecting complex structures (e.g., temporary bracing, construc-
tion sequences, etc.)?
OTHER
25. Do you have a "steel specialist" or "advisory group" within your organization that reviews and provides assistance to
designers developing steel bridge plans?
Yes No
If Yes, please furnish contact (if different from person named on Page 1)
Name , Phone , E-mail address
26. Can you supply the names of any contractors, fabricators, or erectors and a contact that have been involved with the type
of problems addressed in this document and could provide another perspective on the issues?
27. Are you aware of any current research on the issues discussed?
28. Do you have any recommendations for future research specific issues?
29. In summary, what are the key issues associated with achieving a properly erected structure?
30. Additional comments are most welcome.
31. Please list documents sent to contractor.
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26
NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM
PROJECT 20-5, SYNTHESIS TOPIC 33-10
STEEL BRIDGE ERECTION PRACTICES
FABRICATOR QUESTIONNAIRE
There are many varied steel bridge erection practices, used on increasingly complex structural systems, which have a signifi-
cant effect on the final profile, location, and position of the erected members. The primary concerns are how do these differ-
ent erection practices, as prescribed by owners and/or developed and implemented by erectors, affect the final position and
function of the erected members. This questionnaire is only for steel I-girder and box-girder bridges, with particular
emphasis on curved, skewed, and staged or widened structures.
Your help in developing a synthesis report of the issues, problems, and results of these erection practices is requested through
the completion of this questionnaire. The information you provide will be used to develop a report that will provide an up-to-
date compilation of current issues, problems, and practices. If you prefer an electronic version that can be completed using
MS Word, send an e-mail to frbeckmann@att.net requesting the "Fabricator Questionnaire Electronic Version."
Please return your completed questionnaire via e-mail, before August 9, 2002, to frbeckmann@att.net.
Please send any additional documentation or materials before August 9, 2002, to:
Fred Beckmann
Consultant
167 Hawthorne Lane
Chicago Heights, IL 60411
If you have any questions, please contact Mr. Beckmann by telephone at (708) 754-1677 or by e-mail at frbeckmann@att.net.
Note: 1. The gray square boxes may be checked using the space bar on the keyboard or with a left mouse click.
2. The gray rectangular areas query a written entry that will allow multiple lines of text.
3. Save responses before closing a partially completed document and retrieve them when reopening the file.
Please provide the name of the person completing this questionnaire or someone who may be contacted to obtain any needed
follow-up information:
Name: ________________________________
Title: ________________________________
Company: ________________________________
Address: ________________________________
Town/State/Zip: ________________________________
Telephone: ________________________________
Fax: ________________________________
E-mail Address: ________________________________
Thank you very much for your help.
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27
FABRICATOR QUESTIONNAIRE
This questionnaire has been developed as part of an NCHRP Synthesis Report addressing erection practices for steel I-girder
and box-girder bridges, with particular emphasis on skewed, curved, and staged or widened structures. Please answer
the questions from that perspective.
The primary focus of the synthesis report is based on a rather extensive set of questions that has been sent to the state bridge
engineers; however, several of the issues require fabricator and erector input.
1. From a fabricator's perspective, what is the most effective shop assembly practice for straight I-girder bridges (webs hor-
izontal or vertical, with or without crossframes, minimum three girders or bearing to bearing, etc.)?
2. From a fabricator's perspective, what is the most effective shop assembly practice for curved I-girder bridges (webs hor-
izontal or vertical, with or without crossframes, minimum three girders or bearing to bearing, etc.)?
3. From a fabricator's perspective, what is the most effective shop assembly practice for straight box-girder bridges (mini-
mum three girders or bearing to bearing, with or without external crossframes)?
4. From a fabricator's perspective, what is the most effective shop assembly practice for curved box-girder bridges (mini-
mum three girders or bearing to bearing, with or without external crossframes)?
5. What impact do field connection practices have on final bridge geometry?
6. From a fabricator's perspective, what are the key important issues associated with achieving a properly erected structure?
7. Have you experienced any problems in the alignment, deflection, or final position (girder elevation and web verticality)
of steel members after erection and/or deck pour that may be attributable to construction specification issues, design prac-
tices, or fabrication and erection practices?
Yes No
If Yes, please supply any information about the severity and frequency of the problems, their causes, appropriate fixes,
and any recommendations that would prevent the problems on future work. Please furnish a contact name and phone num-
ber so that we may discuss the issues in more detail
8. Are you aware of any current research on these issues?
9. Any new research recommendations?
10. Additional thoughts.
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28
NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM
PROJECT 20-5, SYNTHESIS TOPIC 33-10
STEEL BRIDGE ERECTION PRACTICES
ERECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE
There are many varied steel bridge erection practices, used on increasingly complex structural systems, which have a signifi-
cant effect on the final profile, location, and position of the erected members. The primary concerns are how do these differ-
ent erection practices, as prescribed by owners and/or developed and implemented by erectors, affect the final position and
function of the erected members. This questionnaire is only for steel I-girder and box-girder bridges, with particular
emphasis on curved, skewed, and staged or widened structures.
Your help in developing a synthesis report of the issues, problems, and results of these erection practices is requested through
the completion of this questionnaire. The information you provide will be used to develop a report that will provide an up-to-
date compilation of current issues, problems, and practices. If you prefer an electronic version that can be completed using
MS Word, send an e-mail to frbeckmann@att.net requesting the "Erector Questionnaire Electronic Version."
Please return your completed questionnaire via e-mail, before August 9, 2002, to frbeckmann@att.net.
Please send any additional documentation or materials before August 9, 2002, to:
Fred Beckmann
Consultant
167 Hawthorne Lane
Chicago Heights, IL 60411
If you have any questions, please contact Mr. Beckmann by telephone at (708) 754-1677 or by e-mail at frbeckmann@att.net.
Note: 1. The gray square boxes may be checked using the space bar on the keyboard or with a left mouse click.
2. The gray rectangular areas query a written entry that will allow multiple lines of text.
3. Save responses before closing a partially completed document and retrieve them when reopening the file.
Please provide the name of the person completing this questionnaire or someone who may be contacted to obtain any needed
follow-up information:
Name: ____________________________
Title: ____________________________
Company: ____________________________
Address: ____________________________
Town/State/Zip: ____________________________
Telephone: ____________________________
Fax: ____________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________
Thank you very much for your help.
OCR for page 28
29
ERECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE
This questionnaire has been developed as part of an NCHRP Synthesis Report addressing erection practices for steel I-girder
and box-girder bridges with particular emphasis on skewed, curved, and staged or widened structures. Please answer
the questions from that perspective.
The primary focus of the synthesis report is based on a rather extensive set of questions that has been sent to the state bridge
engineers; however, several of the issues require fabricator and erector input.
1. Have you erected any I-girder or box-girder bridges where the owner provided an erection procedure?
Yes No
If Yes, describe the bridge types and frequency.
2. If the answer to Question 1 was Yes, what impact did these owners' erection procedures have on the quality of the erected
structure?
3. What approach or concept do you use to locate falsework and sequence erection to ensure proper fit-up, geometry, and
girder profile?
4. Have you experienced any problems in the alignment, deflection, or final position (girder elevation and web verticality)
of steel members after erection and/or deck pour that may be attributable to construction specification issues, design prac-
tices, or fabrication and erection practices?
Yes No
If Yes, please supply any information about the severity and frequency of the problems, their causes, appropriate fixes,
and any recommendations that would prevent the problems on future work. Please furnish a contact name and phone num-
ber so that we may discuss the issues in more detail.
5. Do you have recommendations for flange-width-to-thickness ratios or flange-width-to-web-depth ratios that are different
from those in AASHTO?
Yes No
If Yes, please furnish a copy of these requirements.
6. Do you have recommendations for flange-width-to-member-length ratios as they relate to handling and erection concerns?
Yes No
If Yes, please furnish a copy of these requirements.
7. Have you experienced any stability issues as a result of wind loads, deck overhang, concrete placement, lifting and han-
dling, and temporary and/or permanent bracing or supports?
Yes No
If Yes, please supply any information about the severity and frequency of the problems, their causes, appropriate fixes,
and any recommendations that would prevent the problems on future work. Please furnish a contact name and phone num-
ber so that we may discuss the issues in more detail.
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8. Have you experienced any problems with staged construction that may be attributable to erection requirements or practices?
Yes No
If Yes, please supply any information about the severity and frequency of the problems, their causes, appropriate fixes,
and any recommendations that would prevent the problems on future work. Please furnish a contact name and phone num-
ber so to that we may discuss the issues in more detail.
9. How do you calculate or address stability issues when lifting individual curved members?
10. What impact do field connection practices have on final bridge geometry?
11. Are you aware of any current research on these issues?
12. Any new research recommendations?
13. From an erector's perspective, what are the key important issues associated with achieving a properly erected structure?
14. Additional thoughts.
