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State DOTs Provincial DOTs
California Alberta
Connecticut Manitoba
Idaho Québec
**
Illinois New Brunswick
Indiana Nova Scotia
* Maryland
Minnesota
Missouri
Saskatchewan
Montana
Nebraska Municipalities
Nevada Edmonton, Alberta
Oregon Moncton, New Brunswick
Washington State Vancouver, British Columbia
FIGURE 1 Responding agencies and their geographic distribution.
with training and skill levels are described in chapter six. ASSUMPTIONS AND CONVENTIONS
Emerging technologies just beginning to be introduced to win-
ter operations are presented in chapter seven. Conclusions and Because this synthesis is uniquely targeted to frontline and
suggested areas for further research are offered in chapter mid-level supervisory winter maintenance decision makers
eight. Appendix A is the survey questionnaire, Appendix B a and planners in the United States, English units are used pri-
list of the responding agencies, and Appendix C tabulated marily with the International System of Units (SI) secondary
results of selected questions. in parenthesis when appropriate.