Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook, Third Edition: Chapter 5, Vanpools and Buspools (2005)

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divided among the three primary modes: Fixed route services carried 870 daily passenger trips, subscription bus carried 986 daily trips, and vanpools carried somewhat less than 800 daily trips. About 53 percent of all Pace vanpools in the spring of 1993 were Sears vanpools. Of the 10 Sears subscription bus routes, 1 was discontinued within the first year following a drop in ridership, but 9 routes and 12 buses were still operating as of 1996. The transit share for Sears employees in 1996 was 25 percent, with 2 fixed routes, the buspools, and 45 vanpools providing the Sears service. More . . . Pace vanpool user demographic characteristics and overall satisfaction levels are pro- vided as part of Table 5-13 of the “Related Information and Impacts” section. Modes used to get to vanpool pickup points are quantified in Table 5-8 of the “Underlying Traveler Response Factors” section. Pace operating statistics updated to 2002 are provided and reviewed in Table 5-5 and asso- ciated discussion, located in the “Response to Vanpool and Buspool Programs” section under “Third-Party Vanpool Programs”—“Transit Provider Vanpool Programs.” Sources. Hooper, K., “Innovative Suburb-to-Suburb Transit Practices.” TCRP Synthesis 14. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (1995). • Brazda, R., Grzesiakowski, T., and Reynolds, W., “Sears’ headquarters move to outer suburbia: How transit reacted.” Symposium Papers for the Operational and Service Planning Symposium. Sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration (December 8–10, 1993). • VIPpace Vanpool Services, “VIP ADvAntage Service Fact Sheet.” Arlington Heights, IL (February, 1999). • Pace Suburban Bus Service, “Pace Vanpool Participant Survey: Technical Report.” Arlington Heights, IL (1993). • Michael Baker Corporation, Crain & Associates, LKC Consulting Services, and Howard/Stein-Hudson, “The Potential of Public Transit as a Transportation Control Measure: Case Studies and Innovations, Draft Doc- ument.” Annapolis, MD (October, 1997). • Community Transportation Association, “Proceedings from the People, Jobs & Transportation Conference” (October, 1996). • National Transit Database, “NTD Data” (formerly Federal Transit Administration, “National Transit Database Annual Report, Data Tables”). Federal Transit Administration, Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, http://www.ntdprogram.com/NTD/ntdhome.nsf/Docs/NTDData?OpenDocument (1994–1997). • Derived estimates by Handbook authors. REFERENCES 2Plus, “Branding boosts ridership to new high.” Commuters’ Register, Connecticut Edition, Vol. 3, No. 5. Cary, NC, http://www.commutersregister.com/ct/articles/9705/rslocal.htm (May, 1997). 2Plus, “Easy Street® commuter service grows, attracts new riders.” Commuters’ Register, Con- necticut Edition, Vol. 2, No. 3. Cary, NC, http://www.commutersregister.com/ct/articles/9603/ rsfpeasy.htm (March, 1996a). 2Plus, “Easy Street® system wins national award.” Commuters’ Register, Connecticut Edition, Vol. 2, No. 10. Cary, NC, http://www.commutersregister.com/ct/articles/9610/local3.htm (October, 1996b). Adams, D., Mass Transit Administration, Maryland. Telephone interview (February 12, 1999). Alan M. Voorhees and Associates, Inc., “Transportation Pooling.” NTIS PB 236-157. McLean, VA (January, 1974). American Public Transit Association, “APTA Transit Fact Book 1996.” American Public Transit Association, Washington, DC (1996). 5-49

Atherton, T. J., Commuter’s Choice: Ridesharing Demonstration in Brevard County, FL. Prepared by Cambridge Systematics, Inc. for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC (October, 1985). Beckwith, J., King County Metro. Seattle, WA. Telephone interview (November 4, 2004). Beckwith, J., and Burrell, J., King County Metro. Seattle, WA. E-mail to the Handbook authors (March 3, 8, and 19, 1999). Bhatt, K., and Higgins, T., An Assessment of Travel Demand Management Approaches at Suburban Activity Centers: Final Report. Prepared by K. T. Analytics for the Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, MA (July, 1989). Booth, R., and Waksman, R., National Ridesharing Demonstration Program: Comparative Evaluation Report. Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Washington, DC (August, 1985). Boylan, M., Association for Commuter Transportation Vanpool Council. Telephone interviews (January 27 and March 22, 1999). Brazda, R., Grzesiakowski, T., and Reynolds., W., “Sears’ headquarters move to outer suburbia: How transit reacted.” Symposium Papers for the Operational and Service Planning Symposium. Sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration (December 8–10, 1993). Buspool.org, “Routes & Schedules.” http://www.buspool.org/routes_shced.html, Aptos, CA (Webpage copyrighted 2001). Cambridge Systematics, Inc., and Urban Analytics, Inc., “PSRC Travel Model Improvements.” Prepared for the Puget Sound Regional Council, Seattle, WA (March, 2003). Cervero, R., Paratransit In America: Redefining Mass Transportation. Praeger Publishers, Westport, CT (1997). Christiansen, D. L., and Morris, D. E., The Status and Effectiveness of the Houston Transitway System, 1989. Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, TX (1990). Community Transportation Association, “Proceedings from the People, Jobs & Transportation Conference” (October, 1996). Commuter Transportation Services, Inc., “Vanpooling—A Handbook to Help You Set Up A Program At Your Company.” Prepared for the Federal Transit Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, http://www.fta.dot.gov/fta/library/planning/VANPOOL/ vanpool.html (Web document dated January, 1993). Comsis Corporation and the Institute of Transportation Engineers, “Implementing Effective Travel Demand Management Measures: Inventory of Measures and Synthesis of Experience.” Prepared for the Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration, Washington, DC (September, 1993). Comsis Corporation, “A Case Study of the Experience of the Seattle Metro in Fostering Suburban Mobility.” Prepared for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Washington, DC (1991). 5-50

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