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Presentations on Transportation
Sustainability Indicators
Mark DeLuchi, University of California (presented by David L. Greene,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
Mike MacCracken, Climate Institute
Daniel Sperling, University of California, Davis
David G. Burwell, Prague Institute for Global Urban Development
Elizabeth Deakin, University of California, Berkeley
Richard Forman, Harvard University
HEALTH require new visions of integrated development of towns,
transportation infrastructure, and transportation modes.
Mark DeLuchi
David Greene presented on behalf of Mark DeLuchi, CLIMATE CHANGE
who was unable to attend the conference. The presenta-
tion, External Costs of Motor Vehicle Use: Status and Mike MacCracken
Trends, discussed transportation's external costs as well
as its impacts on human health. The external costs Mike MacCracken began his presentation, Climate
examined in the presentation included accidents, con- Change and Sustainable Transportation: The Need to
gestion, oil use and energy security (military expendi- End Our Addiction to Fossil Fuels, by dividing the cli-
tures, macroeconomic costs, pecuniary costs), air mate change issue into the following three questions:
pollution (human health, visibility, crops, forests), and
noise. The presentation provided estimates of these costs 1. How is the climate expected to change, and are we
as well as trends in impacts and costs. already seeing the early signs of these changes?
Since 1990, all of the external costs of transportation 2. What are the likely environmental and societal
except those resulting from air pollution have increased impacts of changes in carbon dioxide concentration and
substantially. The cost increases have occurred because the climate, and to what extent can adaptation ameliorate
of a steady increase in vehicle miles traveled despite some the projected negative consequences?
areas of improvement such as a reduced involvement of 3. What are the options for limiting the human-
alcohol, increased use of seat belts, and improved vehicle caused factors inducing these changes, and how rapidly
safety. The difficulty of reducing the growth of vehicle and economically can they be implemented?
miles traveled suggests that health, safety, noise, conges-
tion, and energy security costs of motor vehicle use may Answering these key questions is complicated by sev-
have to be mitigated by reducing impacts per mile. Such eral unusual factors including long time horizons; the
mitigation, however, faces many challenges, and it is not fact that all that can be expected given the complexity of
likely that spotty management of per mile impacts will society and the environment is a projection of a range of
result in a sustainable transportation system. possibilities; and the fact that the causes, impacts, and
Transportation sustainability depends on the develop- control of the climate change issue are necessarily inter-
ment of personal transportation choices that reduce the national. Dr. MacCracken then summarized fossil fuels'
externalities of transportation without compromising benefits to society as well as the major effects they have
any of the benefits of private motor vehicle use. This will on the environment. He demonstrated that the rise in
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