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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2005. Inspection and Management of Bridges with Fracture-Critical Details. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13887.
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Page 37
Page 38
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2005. Inspection and Management of Bridges with Fracture-Critical Details. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13887.
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Page 38

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

37 1. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 3rd ed., American Association of State Highway and Transporta- tion Officials, Washington, D.C., 2004. 2. Bridge Welding Code, Report AASHTO/AWS-D1.5M/ D1.5:2002, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C., 2002, 383 pp. 3. Manual for Condition Evaluation and Load and Resis- tance Factor Rating (LRFR) of Highway Bridges, American Association of State Highway and Trans- portation Officials, Washington, D.C., 2004. 4. 23 CFR 650, Subpart C National Bridge Inspection Standards, Federal Highway Administration, Washing- ton, D.C., Apr. 2001. 5. “Collapse of U.S. 35 Bridge, Point Pleasant, West Vir- ginia, December 15, 1967,” Report NTSB-HAR-71-1, National Transportation Safety Board, Washington, D.C., 1971. 6. Dicker, D., “Point Pleasant Bridge Collapse Mechanism Analyzed,” Civil Engineering, Vol. 41, No. 7, July 1971, pp. 61–66. 7. Scheffey, C.F., “Pt. Pleasant Bridge Collapse: Conclu- sions of the Federal Study,” Civil Engineering, Vol. 41, No. 7, July 1971. 8. Bennett, J.A. and H. Mindlin, “Metallurgical Aspects of the Failure of the Point Pleasant Bridge,” ASTM Jour- nal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 1, No. 2, Mar. 1973, pp. 152–161. 9. Barsom, J.M., “The Development of the AASHTO Fracture Toughness Requirements for Bridge Steels,” Proceedings, US–Japan Cooperative Science Seminar, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C., 1974. 10. Frank, K.H. and C.F. Galambos, “Application of Frac- ture Mechanics to Analysis of Bridge Failure,” Proceed- ings, Specialty Conference on Safety and Reliability of Metal Structures, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, N.Y., 1972. 11. Fisher, J.W., Fatigue and Fracture in Steel Bridges: Case Studies, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1984, 336 pp. 12. Dexter, R.J., W.J. Wright, and J.W. Fisher, “Fatigue and Fracture of Steel Girders,” Journal of Bridge Engineer- ing, Vol. 9, No. 3, May/June 2004, pp. 278–286. 13. Wright, W.J., H. Tjiang, J. Hartmann, and P. Albrecht, “Fracture Resistance of Modern Bridge Steels,” Proceed- ings, ASCE Structures Congress, Philadelphia, Pa., 2000. 14. Dexter, R.J., M.J. Mutziger, and C.B. Osberg, NCHRP Report 467: Performance Testing for Modular Bridge Joint Systems, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 2002, 92 pp. 15. Dexter, R.J. and J.W. Fisher, “Fatigue and Fracture,” In Handbook of Bridge Engineering, W.F. Chen, Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1999. 16. Fisher, J.W., “The Evolution of Fatigue-Resistant Steel Bridges,” 1997 Distinguished Lectureship, Paper No. 971520, 76th Annual Meeting of the Transporta- tion Research Board, Washington, D.C., Jan. 12–16, 1997, pp. 1–22. 17. Barsom, J.M. and S.T. Rolfe, Fracture and Fatigue Con- trol in Structures: Applications of Fracture Mechanics, 3rd ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pa., 1999. 18. Schilling, C.G., K.H. Klippstein, J.M. Barsom, S.R. Novak, and G.T. Blake, Low Temperature Tests of Sim- ulated Bridge Members, Report No. 97.021-001(3), American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C., 1972. 19. Roberts, R., G.R. Irwin, G.V. Krishna, and B.T. Yen, Fracture Toughness of Bridge Steels—Phase II, Report FHWA-RD-74-59, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1974, 418 pp. 20. Roberts, R. and G.V. Krishna, Fracture Behavior of A36 Bridge Steels, Report FHWA-RD-77-156, Federal High- way Administration, Washington, D.C., 1977, 59 pp. 21. Roberts, R., et al., Determination of Tolerable Flaw Sizes in Full Size Welded Bridge Details, Report FHWA-RD- 77-170, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., Dec. 1977, 427 pp. 22. Guide Specifications for Fracture Critical Non-Redundant Steel Bridge Members, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C., 1989 (with interims), originally published in 1978. 23. Standard Specification for Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Shapes, Plates, and Bars and Quenched-and-Tempered Alloy Structural Steel Plates for Bridges, ASTM A709, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pa., 2004. 24. Standard Specification for Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Shapes, Plates, and Bars and Quenched-and-Tempered Alloy Structural Steel Plates for Bridges, AASHTO M270, Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, Part 1, Materials, 21st ed., American Asso- ciation of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C., 2001. 25. Failla, K.S., “New Mianus Bridge Report Disputes Ear- lier Study,” Civil Engineering, Vol. 55, No. 4, Apr. 1985. 26. “Anatomy of Fracture: Mianus River Bridge,” Engineer- ing News Record, Vol. 218, No. 8, Feb. 1987. 27. Park, S.H., Bridge Inspection and Structural Analysis: Handbook of Bridge Inspection, Park, Trenton, N.J., 1980. 28. Harland, J.W., R.L. Purvis, D.R. Graber, P. Albrecht, and T.S. Flournoy, Inspection of Fracture Critical Bridge Members: Supplement to the Bridge Inspector’s Training Manual (final report), Report FHWA-IP-86-26, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, Va., Sep. 1986. REFERENCES

29. Bridge Inspectors Reference Manual, FHWA NHI 03- 002, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., Oct. 2002. 30. Harper, J., “Underbridge Equipment,” Bridge Builder, Oct.–Dec. 2003, p. 25. 31. Zettler, R., “Crisis Averted,” Bridge Builder, Mar.–Apr. 2004, pp. 24–26. 32. Hearn, G., et al., Bridge Management Systems, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., to be published. 33. Verma, K., et al., Steel Bridge Fabrication Technolo- gies in Europe and Japan, Report FHWA-PL-01-018, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., Mar. 2003. 34. Ghosn, M. and F. Moses, NCHRP Report 406: Redun- dancy in Highway Bridge Superstructures, Trans- portation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1998, 50 pp. 35. “Bridge Disasters in the United States,” CNN, May 26, 2002 [Online]. Available: http://www.cnn.com/2002/US/ 05/26/bridge.accidents. 36. Fisher, J.W., A.W. Pense, and R. Roberts, “Evaluation of Fracture of Lafayette Street Bridge,” Journal of the Struc- tural Division, Vol. 103, No. 7, July 1977, pp. 1339–1357. 37. Connor, R.J., E.J. Kaufmann, J. Jin, and C.H. Davies, “Forensic Investigation of the SR422 Over the Schuylkill River Girder Fracture,” Proceedings of the Twenty-First International Bridge Conference, Pittsburgh, Pa., 2004. 38. Wright, W.J., J.W. Fisher, and B. Sivakumar, Hoan Bridge Failure Investigation, Federal Highway Admin- istration, Washington, D.C., 2001. 39. Harper, J. and S. Lender, “Emergency Fix,” Bridge Builder, Oct.–Dec. 2003, pp. 26–28. 40. Idriss, R.L., K.R. White, C.B. Woodward, and D.V. Jauregui, “After-Fracture Redundancy of Two Girder Bridge: Testing I-40 Bridges Over Rio Grande,” Con- ference Proceedings 7, Fourth International Bridge Engi- neering Conference, Aug. 28–30, 1995, San Francisco, Calif., pp. 316–326. 41. Kritzler, R.W. and J. Mohammadi, “Probabilistic Eval- uation of Redundancy of Bridge Structures,” Proceed- ings of the Sixth Specialty Conference, Denver, Colo., July 8–10, 1992. 42. Moses, F., “Evaluation of Bridge Safety and Remain- ing Life,” Conference Proceeding, In Structural Design, Analysis, and Testing, Alfred H.S. Ang, Ed., 1989, pp. 717–726. 38 43. Frangopol, D.M. and J.P. Curley, “Effects of Damage and Redundancy on Structure Reliability,” ASCE Spring Convention, Washington, D.C., Apr. 7–10, 1986. 44. Frangopol, D.M. and J.P. Curley, “Effects of Redun- dancy Deterioration on the Reliability of Truss Systems and Bridges,” Conference Proceedings, In Effects of Deterioration on Safety and Reliability of Structures, S. Marshall Ma, Ed., 1986. 45. Frangopol, D.M. and R. Nakib, “Redundancy Evalua- tion of Steel Girder Bridges,” 5th International Confer- ence on Structural Safety and Reliability, San Francisco, Calif., Aug. 7–11, 1989. 46. Frangopol, D.M. and K. Yoshida, “Loading and Material Behavior Effects on Redundancy,” Proceedings of Struc- tures Congress, Chicago, Ill., Apr. 15–18, 1996. 47. Heins, C. and C.K. Hou, “Bridge Redundancy: Effect of Bracing,” Journal of the Structural Division, Vol. 106, No. 6, June 1980, pp. 1364–1367. 48. Heins, C.P. and H. Kato, “Load Redistribution of Cracked Girders,” Journal of the Structural Division, Vol. 108, No. 8, Aug. 1982, pp. 1909–1915. 49. Elza, P., T. Shkurti, and K. Price, “Redundancy Analy- sis,” Marquette Interchange Final Design, Milwaukee Transportation Partners, Milwaukee, Wis., Mar. 2004. 50. Lai, L.L.-Y., “Impulse Effect on Redundancy of a Tied- Arch Bridge,” Computing in Civil Engineering, Proceed- ings of the First Congress held in conjunction with A/E/C Systems ‘94, Washington, D.C., June 20–22, 1994. 51. Michael Baker, Jr., Inc., “Investigation of Tie Beam Redundancy,” July 10, 2003. 52. Dexter, R.J., S.A. Altstadt, and C.A. Gardner, “Strength and Ductility of HPS70W Tension Members and Tension Flanges with Holes,” Final Report to American Iron and Steel Institute, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Mar. 2002. 53. Dexter, R.J. and S.A. Altstadt, “Strength and Ductility of Tension Flanges in Girders,” Recent Developments in Bridge Engineering, K.M. Mahmoud, Ed., A.A. Balkema/Swets & Zeitlinger, Exton, Pa., Oct. 2003, pp. 67–81. 54. Manual for Condition Evaluation of Bridges, 2nd ed., American Association of State Highway and Trans- portation Officials, Washington, D.C., 2000, 148 pp. 55. Warne, T.R., NCHRP Synthesis of Highway Practice 313: State DOT Outsourcing and Private-Sector Utiliza- tion, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., June 2003, 42 pp.

Next: Appendix A - Background Discussion on Fatigue, Fracture, Nondestructive Evaluation, and Repair and Retrofit »
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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 354: Inspection and Management of Bridges with Fracture-Critical Details explores the inspection and maintenance of bridges with fracture-critical members (FCMs), as defined in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials’ Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Bridge Design Specifications. The report identifies gaps in literature related to the subject; determines practices and problems with how bridge owners define, identify, document, inspect, and manage bridges with fracture-critical details; and identifies specific research needs. Among the areas examined in the report are inspection frequencies and procedures; methods for calculating remaining fatigue life; qualification, availability, and training of inspectors; cost of inspection programs; instances where inspection programs prevented failures; retrofit techniques; fabrication methods and inspections; and experience with fracture-critical members fractures and problems details.

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