A Guide for Reducing Work Zone Collisions (2005)

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IV-1 SECTION IV Index of Strategies by Implementation Timeframe and Relative Cost Exhibit IV-1 classifies strategies according to the expected timeframe required for implementation and the relative cost to implement and operate each strategy for this emphasis area. In several cases, the implementation time will depend on such factors as the agency’s procedures, the number of stakeholders involved, and the presence of any controversial situations. The range of costs may also vary somewhat for some of these strategies because of many of the same factors. Placement in the table below is meant to reflect costs relative to the other strategies listed for this emphasis area only, rather than relative to strategies discussed in other guides in the NCHRP Report 500 series. The costs of the strategies are estimated on a project level. For programwide strategies, the costs are considered to be spread over multiple projects, as would realistically be the case for many of the strategies discussed in this guide. EXHIBIT IV-1 Classification of Strategies According to Expected Timeframe and Relative Cost Relative Cost to Implement and Operate Timeframe for Moderate Implementation Strategy Low Moderate to High High Short (<1 year) 19.1 B2—Improve visibility of work zone traffic ✔ control devices 19.1 B3—Improve visibility of work zone ✔ personnel and vehicles 19.1 B4—Reduce flaggers’ exposure to traffic ✔ 19.1 C2—Implement measures to reduce work ✔ space intrusions (and limit consequences of intrusions) 19.1 D1—Enhance enforcement of traffic laws ✔ in work zones 19.1 D2—Improve credibility of signs ✔ 19.1 E1—Disseminate work zone safety ✔ information to road users 19.1 E2—Provide work zone training programs ✔ and manuals for designers and field staff 19.1 F4—Implement work zone quality ✔ assurance procedures (i.e., safety inspections or audits)

SECTION IV—INDEX OF STRATEGIES BY IMPLEMENTATION TIMEFRAME AND RELATIVE COST IV-2 EXHIBIT IV-1 (Continued) Classification of Strategies According to Expected Timeframe and Relative Cost Relative Cost to Implement and Operate Timeframe for Moderate Implementation Strategy Low Moderate to High High Medium 19.1 A1—Improve maintenance and ✔ (1–2 years) construction practices 19.1 A2—Utilize full-time roadway closure for ✔ construction operations* 19.1 A3—Utilize time-related contract provisions ✔ 19.1 A4—Use nighttime road work ✔ 19.1 A5—Use demand management programs ✔ to reduce volumes through work zones 19.1 B1—Implement ITS strategies to improve ✔ safety 19.1 C1—Establish work zone design guidance ✔ 19.1 C3—Improve work zone safety for ✔ pedestrians, bicyclists, motorcyclists, and heavy-truck drivers 19.1 D3—Improve application of increased ✔ driver penalties in work zones 19.1 F1—Develop or enhance agency-level ✔ work zone crash data systems 19.1 F2—Improve coordination, planning, and ✔ scheduling of work activities 19.1 F3—Use incentives to create and operate ✔ safer work zones Long (>2 years) 19.1 A6—Design future work zone capacity into ✔ new or reconstructed highways * Costs of improvements on parallel routes may be significant.