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ACRP Report 4: Ground Access to Major Airports by Public Transportation (2008)
Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP)

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Coogan, Matthew A, Transportation Research Board. "Los Angeles (13% Market Share)." ACRP Report 4: Ground Access to Major Airports by Public Transportation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2008.

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Page
77
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Page
77
Front Matter (R1-R12)
Summary (1-14)
Chapter 1 - Six Steps in a Market-Based Strategy for Improving Airport Ground Access (15-15)
Coordinate with the Regional Planning Process (16-17)
Data Collection for the Airport Ground Access Survey (18-19)
Data Collection to Monitor the Performance of the System (20-20)
Geographic Scale of the Airport Ground Access Markets (21-21)
Density and Market Support Associated with Specific Modes (22-23)
Best Practices in the United States: Examples of Market Types at U.S. Airports (24-24)
Lessons Learned from Successful Systems (25-26)
Summary: Designing to Deal with Revealed Attributes (27-27)
Best Practices in the United States: Service Based on Markets (28-28)
Encouraging the Use of High-Occupancy Service (29-29)
Learning from Recent U.S. Airport Designs (30-30)
Step 6: Present Information about Ground Access Services to the Traveler (31-31)
Conclusion (32-33)
Understanding the Scale of Airport Ground Access (34-34)
The Scale of the Public Mode Volumes at These Airports (35-35)
What Has Happened over the Last Decade? (36-38)
Trip Purpose: Why Do Airline Passengers Travel? (41-43)
National Patterns of Access to Airports and Terminals (44-44)
Daily Public Mode Volumes to Airports (45-45)
Implications for Choice of Ground Access Mode (46-47)
Ground Access Issues and the Regional Planning Process (48-49)
Environmental Approvals in Europe (50-50)
What's Next? (51-51)
Understanding Successful Airport Ground Access Systems (52-52)
Does Airport Size Explain Ridership? (53-53)
Does the Quality of the Airport Connection Explain Ridership? (54-54)
Does Line-Haul Speed Explain High Ridership? (55-57)
Is Higher Speed or Directness of Service More Important? (58-60)
The Implications of Dedicated Premium Service (61-61)
Berlin Brandenburg Airport (62-62)
Chicago Midway and O'Hare Airports (63-63)
Summing It Up (64-64)
Desired Attributes of Van and Bus Service to U.S. Airports (65-66)
What's Next? (67-67)
Part 1: Best Practices at U.S. Airports (68-68)
Tier 1 (69-69)
San Francisco (23% Market Share) (70-70)
Boston (18% Market Share) (71-72)
Oakland (15% Market Share) (73-73)
New Orleans (15% Market Share) (74-74)
Atlanta (14% Market Share) (75-75)
Denver (14% Market Share) (76-76)
Los Angeles (13% Market Share) (77-77)
Baltimore/Washington (12% Market Share) (78-78)
Chicago O'Hare (12% Market Share) (79-79)
Tier 2 (80-80)
Seattle (11% Market Share) (81-81)
Chicago Midway (9% Market Share) (82-82)
San Diego (9% Market Share) (83-83)
Washington Dulles (8% Market Share) (84-84)
New York LaGuardia (8% Market Share) (85-85)
Philadelphia (7% Market Share) (86-86)
Dallas/Fort Worth (6% Market Share) (87-87)
Cleveland (6% Market Share) (88-88)
Part 2: Best Practices at European and Asian Airports (89-90)
Oslo (64% Market Share) (91-91)
Hong Kong (63% Market Share) (92-92)
Narita (59% Market Share) (93-93)
Zurich (47% Market Share) (94-94)
Vienna (41% Market Share) (95-95)
London Stansted (40% Market Share) (96-96)
Paris Charles de Gaulle (40% Market Share) (97-97)
Amsterdam (37% Market Share) (98-98)
Munich (36% Market Share) (99-99)
London Heathrow (36% Market Share) (100-100)
Stockholm (34% Market Share) (101-101)
Frankfurt (33% Market Share) (102-102)
Geneva (28% Market Share) (103-103)
Brussels (26% Market Share) (104-104)
Dsseldorf (22% Market Share) (105-106)
Part 1: Baggage Strategies for Local Originating Passengers (107-107)
The Importance of Baggage-Handling Strategies (108-108)
A Case Study in Baggage Check-in at a Downtown Terminal (109-111)
Status of Other Downtown Check-in Terminals (112-116)
Near-Airport Check-in Locations (117-118)
Part 2: Integration of Ticketing and Baggage with Longer Distance Systems (119-119)
Integration with National Systems: The GAO Study (120-121)
Why Integrate an Airport with Longer Distance Ground Services? (122-124)
Part 3: Evolving Strategies for Integrated Ticketing and Baggage (125-125)
Las Vegas Strategies for Integration of Modal Services (126-126)
Los Angeles International Airport to Union Station (127-127)
Newark Liberty International Airport Rail Station: A Case Study (128-130)
Lessons Learned: Integration with National Systems (131-131)
Documentation of Examples of Integrated Services (132-134)
Characteristics of the Airport Ground Access Market (135-135)
Demographic Characteristics of Air Travelers (136-137)
Step 1: Decide What Information to Collect (138-138)
Step 2: Select a Data Collection Method (139-140)
Step 3: Determine the Sampling Frame and Sampling Method (141-141)
Step 5: Summarize and Analyze the Results (142-142)
Air Traveler Trip-End Densities Associated with Ground Transportation Markets (143-144)
The Geography of Public Ground Transportation to Airports (145-146)
A Hierarchy of Markets for Public Ground Transportation Services (147-147)
Variation by Demographic Segment: Total Airport Market (148-148)
Variation by Demographic Segment: Washington, D.C. (149-150)
Applying the Four Market Segments: Looking for the Factor of Familiarity (151-151)
Conclusion (152-152)
The Need to Manage Services (153-153)
Measures to Encourage Use of Public Transportation (154-155)
Automated Traffic Monitoring and Management Programs (156-156)
Open Access (157-157)
Balancing Supply and Demand (158-158)
Challenges of Introducing New Services (159-159)
Competition and Enforcement (160-160)
Bond Indenture (161-161)
Airline Agreement (162-162)
Sources of Funding (163-163)
Federal Funding and Financial Oversight of Airports and Airport Access Projects (164-166)
Environmental Implications of Federal Funding for Airport Access Projects (167-167)
Factors That Influence Employee Use of Public Transportation (168-168)
Transit Service Characteristics (169-170)
Employee Characteristics (171-172)
Comparative Comfort of Transit and Automobile (173-173)
Availability, Cost, and Convenience of Parking at the Work Site (174-174)
Extent and Adequacy of Transit Service Hours (175-175)
Non-Flight Crew (176-176)
Getting Information about Ground Access (177-177)
Ground Access Information on the San Francisco Airport Website (178-180)
Ground Access Information on the Portland (Oregon) Airport Website (181-181)
Ground Access Information on the Boston Airport Website (182-182)
Ground Access Information on the New York JFK Airport Website (183-184)
Ground Access Information on the Atlanta Airport Website (185-185)
Ground Access Information on the Amsterdam Airport Website (186-187)
Ground Access Planning on the Narita Airport Website (188-189)
Ground Access Information on the London Heathrow Airport Website (190-190)
Ground Access Information on the Zurich Airport Website (191-191)
The Baltimore/Washington International Airport Prototype Ground Access Module (192-192)
Passenger Information Provided by Other Agencies (193-194)
Conclusions (195-195)
Step 2: Undertake the Program for Data Gathering and System Monitoring (196-196)
Step 5: Manage the Airport to Encourage Higher Occupancy (197-197)
Step 6: Present the Ground Access Services to the Traveler (198-198)
References (199-200)
Appendix - Abbreviations and Acronyms (201-202)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (203-203)

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Public Transportation Market Share by Airport 77 Bus. In Denver, the Regional Transportation District (RTD) has adopted an aggressive program of providing bus service to Denver airport. This service currently captures a 3.5% mar- ket share of airline passengers. The Denver RTD SkyRide Service is unique because it provides direct service to several major activity centers, not just to the CBD. The transit agency currently operates five routes providing transit access to the new airport. The SkyRide Service is operated to serve the work schedule of airport employees, with early-morning and late-night service. Toward the airport, service is operated from 3:20 a.m. to various hours ranging from 8:20 p.m. to midnight, depending on the route. From the airport, the service leaves generally between 6 a.m. and 1 a.m. The full fare for a one-way ticket is $8. The service attracts about 3,900 trav- elers per day. Los Angeles (13% Market Share) Market Share U.S. Rank Airport Total Rail Bus/Van 10 Los Angeles International 13% 0% 13% Airport SOURCE: MarketSense (19) The Airport. Los Angeles International Airport is located about 19 miles from the center of Los Angeles. The airport served about 61.5 MAP in 2005; of these, some 16.4 million were orig- inating passengers. Under conditions of no highway congestion, the driving time from the airport to downtown is 22 minutes. The airport currently attracts about 2.1 million travelers per year who use public, high-occupancy modes to the airport. Connections at the Airport. Four public transportation agencies serve the airport. Los Angeles International Airport is designed as a series of terminals on a loop road around a central parking garage facility. All public transportation services must collect or distribute their passen- gers on this loop road. Rail. A free shuttle connects to the Aviation Metro Rail Station. The mode share to the adja- cent rail service is less than 1/2 of 1%. Bus. To Los Angeles International Airport, LAWA operates an express bus route, called the Van Nuys FlyAway. In 1998, the Van Nuys FlyAway attracted 717,900 airline passengers. The Van Nuys terminal is about 21 miles from the airport, and service takes about 1 hour. Service is similar in scope to the Logan Express service in Boston, with 30-minute headways all day, except in the morning peak period, when headways are 15 minutes. The Los Angeles service offers 1-hour headways after 1:30 a.m. The service operates more than 2,000 spaces at the Van Nuys terminal location. LAWA attempted a second operation, considerably closer to the airport, in West Los Ange- les. After a 3-year trial, the facility was closed because of low ridership. Airport staff has suggested that the facility was too close to the airport to attract private-automobile users to the service. Since March 2006, the Los Angeles airport has been operating a new FlyAway service between the airport and the Union Station in downtown Los Angeles. This service operates every half hour between 5 a.m. and 1 a.m., and every hour during the late night. At Union Station, the traveler can connect to regional transit services, downtown shuttle buses, and intercity Amtrak services. Both the original Van Nuys FlyAway location and the new Union Station location now offer baggage check-in services provided by Baggage Airline Guest Services, Inc. The charge is $5 per