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Guidelines for Transportation Emergency Training Exercises
The G&T and TYPES OF EXERCISES
FEMA identify
seven types of The G&T's HSEEP identifies seven distinct types of exercises arrayed along a continuum designed
exercises: to promote a comprehensive preparedness capability. This typology is modified from FEMA's earlier
seminars, curriculum, which combined seminars and workshops into a single category and which did not include
workshops, games. A visual representation of the HSEEP approach is presented in Figure 3.
tabletops, games,
drills, functional
exercises, and Full-Scale Exercises
full-scale Functional Exercises
exercises. Each of
these exercise Drills
types should be Games
C a p a b ilit y
conducted at least
once over the Tabletops
3-year exercise Workshops
cycle.
Seminars
Planning/Training
DiscussionBased Exercises OperationsBased Exercises
FIGURE 3 PROGRESSIVE EXERCISE CONTINUUM
The relationships among these increasingly complex types of exercises offer a "building block" approach
to emergency readiness. This approach ensures successful progression in exercise design, complex-
ity, and execution and allows for the appropriate training and preparation to occur in the community con-
ducting the exercise. Although each exercise type identified in Figure 3 can be executed as a single
activity, greater benefit can be achieved through a progressive program that exposes participants to
gradually increasing levels of complexity. Implementation of such a program allows the collective com-
munity to achieve and maintain competency in executing transportation and local emergency response
plans.
DISCUSSION-BASED AND OPERATIONS-BASED EXERCISE CATEGORIES
As a critical element of the progressive exercise program, the seven types of exercises identified in
Figure 3 are divided into two distinct categories.
Discussion-based Discussion-based exercises are normally the starting point in the building block approach to the
exercises include progressive exercise cycle. Discussion-based exercises include seminars, workshops, tabletops
seminars, and games. The types of exercises typically focus on existing plans, policies, mutual aid agree-
workshops, ments, and procedures. Thus, they are effective tools for familiarizing agencies and personnel with
tabletops, and current or expected response capabilities. They may also provide a forum for developing new plans
games. and procedures. These types of exercises tend to focus on policy-oriented issues. In conducting
Operations-based discussion-based exercises, facilitators and/or presenters usually lead the discussions, helping to
exercises include keep participants on track and ensure that objectives are met.
drills, functional
exercises, and Operations-based exercises represent the next stage in the exercise cycle. Operations-based
full-scale exercises include drills, functional exercises, and full-scale exercises. These exercises are used to
exercises. validate the plans, policies, agreements, and procedures solidified in discussion-based exercises.
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