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Guidelines for Transportation Emergency Training Exercises
· Establishing goals and objectives within each targeted area of focus; and
· Conducting an annual review of the exercise program to ensure that objectives are being
met and to revise or update the progressive exercise program schedule.
Support refers to the activities required to obtain resources necessary to conduct the program,
including grant funding; agency funding; pooled funding with other agencies; personnel to design,
conduct, and evaluate exercises and to monitor the implementation of improvements identified
during evaluation; and equipment necessary to support exercises.
Administration refers to activities performed to manage grant applications and requirements; to
coordinate meetings among internal staff, consultants, and external response agencies during the
exercise design, implementation, and evaluation process; and to track completed resolution of
issues and recommendations arising from an exercise, ensuring that action is taken and that
improvements are made.
Delivery refers to the final results of the program and ensures that all supporting materials nec-
essary for each exercise are developed, that the exercises are conducted, that evaluations are
performed, that final AARs and improvement plans are prepared, and that recommendations are
implemented.
Quality Assurance refers to activities taken by the transportation agency to ensure that the pro-
gressive exercise program meets goals and objectives, complies with grant program require-
ments, adequately coordinates with external emergency response partners, and monitors the
implementation of recommended improvements.
STEPS IN THE PROCESS
This section describes the steps necessary for a transportation agency to establish a progressive
exercise program.
CREATE AN ORGANIZATION
To establish the progressive exercise program, the transportation exercise coordinator should first
work within the agency to develop and recommend an appropriate organizational structure for man-
aging the program. Transportation agencies have taken many different approaches in developing
their organizations:
Larger transportation agencies, and medium-sized agencies with resources devoted to exercising,
have hired full-time exercise coordinators to manage the program, supported by part-time person-
nel allocations from training, safety and security, operations, and maintenance departments;
consultants; and organized committees consisting of local responders. Grant management and
contracting departments also offer support.
Medium-sized and smaller agencies with limited resources have assigned the exercise function as
an additional task to an existing position within their organization. This assignment may go to a
senior member of the training, safety, or security departments or may go to a senior manager in
operations or even maintenance (for highway organizations). At most, the transportation exercise
program can be coordinated half-time by a senior manager with other responsibilities. As with the
larger agencies, part-time support is often available from training, safety, security, operations, and
maintenance departments. Consultant support is also often available for specific exercises, and an
organized committee consisting of local responders may also support the effort. Grant manage-
ment issues may be limited under these circumstances, and the time and resources may not be
available to manage applications and program requirements.
Small agencies are often significantly hindered by a lack of resources. These agencies may not have
senior managers available to coordinate a progressive exercise program, even on a part-time basis.
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Guidelines for Transportation Emergency Training Exercises
Depending on Small agencies have used consultants to prepare these programs, and these agencies coordinate
their size, closely with local responders. Small agencies offer their vehicles and facilities to support emergency
transportation exercises, and work to be included in the exercise programs are developed by larger transportation
agencies have agencies and local emergency responders. Some small agencies have been able to manage grant
developed applications and to receive funding to support exercise programs from local, state, and federal
different types of sources.
organizations
to manage Depending on the size of the transportation organization, activities to create an organization for the
emergency progressive exercise program may include
exercise
programs. Assigning responsibility for the progressive exercise program to a full-time position or part-time
to an existing position;
Creating a committee or task force of internal staff and/or external responders to oversee the
program;
Establishing permanent or ad hoc working groups with local responders and others who may par-
ticipate in the transportation agency's exercises.
Developing a program schedule that identifies activities to be performed over the 3-year exer-
cise cycle; and
Establishing a budget for the program, including the identification of internal resources and out-
side grant programs and pooled funding sources.
When establishing the progressive exercise program, the transportation coordinator should consider
which personnel would be used to develop both discussion-based and operations-based exercises.
For example, representatives from the training department may be ideally suited to incorporate sem-
inars and workshops into their existing training programs. Special interagency committees could be
used to coordinate with ad hoc or permanent working groups (representing external exercise partic-
ipants) to develop tabletops, games, drills, functional exercises, and full-scale exercises. Consultants
and partners in public safety agencies may be able to support the development, conduct, and eval-
uation of exercises.
A sample request for proposal (RFP) for contractor support is available at http://www.loep.state.la.us/
newsrelated/3%20Phase%20exercise%20RFP.doc.
FEMA and transportation agency experience has shown that, for most transportation agencies, one to
three people can effectively coordinate most of the activities required to develop discussion-based exer-
cise (seminars, workshops, tabletops and games) when they are adequately supported by the ad hoc
or permanent working group.
Depending on both the size of the transportation organization and the level of expertise required,
operations-based exercise (drills, functional exercises, and full-scale exercises) can typically be devel-
oped and coordinated by three to five people, with significant support from the external agency work-
ing group.
ESTABLISH A PROGRAM FOUNDATION
Once the program organization is created and personnel requirements have been established, a
foundation should be created for the program that defines the program's functions and activities. Typ-
ically, this foundation has the following components:
An Exercise Program Plan or Procedure: The transportation exercise organization should for-
malize its program and receive endorsement and approval from executive leadership. To accom-
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Guidelines for Transportation Emergency Training Exercises
Transportation plish this objective, some agencies have developed extensive plans that document their pro-
agencies develop gressive exercise programs, exercise methodologies, resources, and capabilities. Other trans-
plans, policies and portation agencies have developed brief plans that contain only
procedures to
formalize their · A statement of purpose for the exercise program;
exercise programs
and receive · Exercise program goals and objectives;
approval from
executive · A commitment to a 3-year progressive exercise cycle;
leadership.
· The intention to use both discussion-based and operations-based exercises, to evaluate
exercises using proven methodologies, and to create after action plans and improvement
plans to be addressed by the transportation organization;
· Requirements and authorities needed by the program; and
· The current version of the 3-year exercise schedule.
· Instead of a plan, some transportation agencies have opted to formalize their exercise pro-
gram in a procedure that is approved by executive management and by the safety, secu-
rity, operations, and maintenance departments.
· It does not matter whether a plan, procedure, policy, or some other method is used. It is
only important that the transportation agency's exercise program be formally constituted
and given the authority and resources necessary to manage the program.
Needs Assessment and Focus Areas: The transportation exercise coordinator, supported by
transportation personnel, consultants, and/or members of local responder agencies, should con-
duct a careful review of threat and vulnerability assessments conducted by the agency; existing
emergency response plans, policies, procedures, job aids, training; and emergency response expe-
rience. Based on this review, the coordinator should identify focus areas that will guide the trans-
portation agency's progressive exercise program. Material to support this activity is available in
Attachment 3.
Exercises included in the program will address these areas and help to ensure that, through evalua-
tion, needed improvements are identified and incorporated into the transportation agency plans, pro-
cedures, training, and operations. Transportation agencies typically identify three to five focus areas
for each 3-year cycle. Sample focus areas include
Focus areas will · The timeliness and accuracy of incident reporting;
guide the
development of · The quality of situation assessment for the reported incident;
the progressive
exercise program · The adequacy of communication of the incident to the appropriate responding organizations;
and support the
creation of specific · The capability to mobilize and dispatch sufficient personnel and proper equipment to deal
objectives to guide with the incident;
exercise
evaluation. · The ability to identify accessibility problems for first responders in reaching the site of the
emergency on the transportation system and to support their access to transportation facil-
ities and equipment;
· The ability of the organization to effectively evacuate passengers, employees, contrac-
tors, and visitors from facilities, vehicles, maintenance shops, and other areas to a safe
location;
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Guidelines for Transportation Emergency Training Exercises
· The capability to combat fire, hazardous materials, and chemical or biological substances;
· The capability to support on-site triage for injured victims and the transportation of the
injured to medical facilities;
· The capability to safely perform a variety of tasks necessary to ensure the safety of the
emergency scene on the transportation system, including structural assessments, debris
removal, de-energizing power systems, or containment of hazardous materials;
· The capability to use communications systems and technology to coordinate field and man-
agement activities both internally and with external response agencies throughout the incident;
· The capability of the transportation response to be integrated into the local incident com-
mand system;
· The timeliness, appropriateness, and accuracy of information provided to the news media; and
· The adequacy of coordination among multiple responding organizations.
CREATE REALISTIC EXPECTATIONS REGARDING REQUIRED RESOURCES
Table 4 depicts a worksheet that can be used to summarize a large transportation agency's progres-
sive exercise program. This table demonstrates the number of participating agencies that can be effec-
tively incorporated into a progressive exercise program, thereby promoting transportation readiness
and community readiness. This type of program cannot be achieved without considerable commitment
from the transportation agency's senior management.
A critical part of commitment is clearly detailing for the transportation agency's executive leadership
the activities to be performed and the resources required to perform them. Based on estimates pro-
vided by FEMA, the G&T, and interviewed transportation agencies, the progressive exercise program
depicted in Table 2 would require almost $180,000, not including the 3-year cost of a dedicated exer-
cise coordinator and the part-time labor provided by transportation personnel from other departments.
Factoring in these costs, the true estimate for a program of this magnitude is closer to $500,000 over
3 years. Smaller agencies, with considerably less ambitious programs, many fewer participants, and
only part-time staff, can typically expect to spend between $70,000 and $150,000 over 3 years.
Whatever the size of the agency, if executive leadership understands these costs and supports them,
then the program will have a strong foundation for accomplishing its objectives. Management will sup-
port transportation participation in progressive exercise programs developed by local responders and
emergency management agencies, enabling the transportation agency to piggy-back on the resources
expended by its partners in local, state, and federal government. If senior management does not have
the resources to commit to the program, with full access to the cost and activity information, informed
decisions cannot be made regarding ways in which to cut expenses and remove exercise activities.
Outside funding SEEK OUTSIDE FUNDING
sources are
available to Since September 11, federal, state, and local agencies are funding exercise programs at high levels.
support Transportation agencies may be able to considerably offset the cost of their progressive exercise pro-
transportation grams by submitting grant applications to a variety of municipal, county, state, and federal agencies.
progressive
exercise Two primary sources of grants are the G&T and FEMA. URLs for their grant pages are presented below.
programs.
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/odp/grants_goals.htm.
24 http://www.fema.gov/fema/first_res.shtm.
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TABLE 4 SAMPLE WORKSHEET DOCUMENTING ELEMENTS OF A LARGE TRANSPORTATION AGENCY'S PROGRESSIVE EXERCISE PROGRAM
Participants7
Type of Situation/Topic No. of Proposed Cost 6 Required
Required Materials2 EMA/
Exercise1 Addressed 3 Players 4 Dates 5 TA LE FD EMS HAZ Media PW&U Other Meetings 8
EOC
Seminar · Agenda Overview of 140 1st Quarter, $1,500 10 30 30 20 5 10 15 10 10 n.a.
· PowerPoint Transportation Year 1
Presentation Exercise Program
Workshop · Agenda Planning for Tabletop 25 2nd Quarter, $1,000 5 3 3 3 1 2 2 1 5 n.a.
· Action List Year 1
Tabletop · Agenda Improvised Explosive 90 3rd Quarter, $30,000 40 10 10 10 4 6 3 2 5 4 required
· Exercise Package Device (IED) Year 1
· After Action Report Detonated in
· Corrective Action Plan Transportation Facility
Game · Agenda 48-Hour Blackout 45 1st Quarter, $10,000 20 4 4 4 1 0 0 5 7 3 required
· Exercise Package Year 2
· After Action Report
· Corrective Action Plan
Drill · Agenda Evacuation of 50 3rd Quarter, $15,000 40 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 4 2 required
· Exercise Package Transportation Facility Year 2
· After Action Report with Suspicious
· Corrective Action Plan Package
Functional · Agenda Chemical Agent 150 1st Quarter, $50,000 60 20 20 10 3 10 10 2 15 4 required
Exercise · Exercise Package Release in Year 3
· After Action Report Transportation Facility
· Corrective Action Plan
Full-Scale · Agenda Radiological Dispersal 225 3rd Quarter, $70,000 70 30 20 10 5 10 10 10 60 5 required
Exercise · Exercise Package Device (Dirty Bomb) Year 3
· After Action Report Detonated in
· Corrective Action Plan Transportation Facility
ABBREVIATIONS: NOTES:
TA = Transportation Agency 1Indicates the type of exercise to be conducted.
LE = Law Enforcement 2Indicates the materials to be developed to support the exercise. For most tabletops, functional exercises,
FD = Fire Department and full-scale exercises, the exercise package will include an exercise plan (EXPLAN); control staff
EMS = Emergency Medical Services instructions (COSIN); and an evaluation plan (EVALPLAN).
EMA/EOC = Emergency Management Agency/Emergency Operations Center 3Indicates the topic to be addressed in the exercise.
HAZ = Hazardous Materials Response Unit 4Indicates the total number of participants in the exercise.
Media = Media Partners to Support Public Information Dissemination 5Indicates when, during the 3-year planning cycle, the exercise will occur.
PW&U = Public Works and Utilities 6Indicates the cost to conduct the exercise. The sample costs presented are based on FEMA and G&T
Other = Vendors Supporting Critical Transportation Systems, Actors (wearing special effect guidelines, typically for consultant costs and simulation equipment.
makeup to show the injury symptoms, or "moulage"), Tenants in Shared Facilities, Urban Search 7Indicates the number of participants by representative agencies.
and Rescue, and Volunteer Organizations 8Indicates the number of planning meetings necessary to prepare the exercise.
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Guidelines for Transportation Emergency Training Exercises
Grant programs described on these websites that are open to transportation agencies and their
response partners for transportation-based exercises include the following:
Homeland Security Grant Program (G&T);
Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI)--Mass Transit System Security Grant Program (G&T);
Emergency Management Assistance Grant Program (FEMA);
State and Local Domestic Preparedness Exercise Support (FEMA); and
Emergency Management Performance Grants (FEMA).
Each state that receives G&T or FEMA grants has a state administrative agency (SAA). Transporta-
tion agencies are urged to contact their SAAs to identify grant programs and submission deadlines.
Initial contacts at state departments of homeland security can be found at http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/
interapp/editorial/editorial_0291.xml.
Typically, exercise grant programs have a period of application that may be open for 1 to 3 months.
SAAs and other funding organizations have worked to reduce the complexity of the application process.
In many cases, applications require fewer than 10 pages to be filled out. Most grants have fixed terms
and conditions. For example, all grant funds must be obligated or encumbered through a valid purchase
order, requisition, or contract by a fixed date from the award of the grant, and all funds must be liqui-
dated within a fixed number of days of the conclusion of the grant period.
Grant programs for exercises typically cover the following costs:
In addition to a Full or Part-Time Staff or Contractors: Full- or part-time staff may be hired to support exer-
full accounting of cise-related activities. Payment of salaries and fringe benefits must adhere to the policies of the
costs, most grant state or the awarding agency, whichever is applicable. The services of contractors may also be
programs for procured for the design, development, conduct, and evaluation of exercises.
emergency
exercises require Overtime: Payment of overtime expenses will be for work performed by awarded or sub-awarded
the grantee employees in excess of the established work week (usually 40 hours). In no case is dual com-
to submit pensation allowable.
deliverables used
in conducting the Travel: Travel costs (i.e., airfare, mileage, per diem, hotel, and other items) are allowable as
exercises, as well expenses by employees who are traveling on official business related to planning and conducting
as after action the exercise projects. These costs must be in accordance with either the federal travel policy or an
reports and organizationally approved travel policy.
improvement
plans. Supplies: Supplies are items that are expended or consumed during the course of the planning
and conduct of the exercise projects (e.g., copying paper, gloves, tape, and nonsterile masks).
Other Items: Other costs include exercise signs, badges, and the rental of space for exercise
planning and implementation.
A sample SAA grant application is provided in Figure 6. Typically, transportation applicants that win
grants are required to use the grant to not only perform the proposed exercise, but also provide other
deliverables, usually specified in the grant application. Based on the type of exercise conducted, the
documents may include
A scenario technical description;
A situation manual or player handbook;
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Guidelines for Transportation Emergency Training Exercises
GRANT APPLICATION FORM
Date____________________________ Organization_______________________________________
Level of Government (check one category): Municipality________ County________ State__________
Contact Name__________________________________________________________________________
Address_______________________________________________________________________________
City_____________________________________ State______________ Zip__________________
Telephone_________________________________________ Fax______________________________
E-Mail________________________________________________________________________________
What part of your operation do you want to exercise? Check all applicable categories.
_____ Test policies, plans, and procedures
_____ Clarify and train domestic preparedness personnel in roles and responsibilities
_____ Improve interagency coordination and communications
_____ Identify gaps in resources
_____ Improve individual performance
_____ Identify ways to improve domestic preparedness agencies
_____ Other please describe:___________________________________________________________
Which specific procedure or operation do you want to exercise? (List three to five procedures. Examples include
decontamination, resource management, mutual aid, and multiple-agency communication.)
At what location do you want the exercise to take place?
What type of exercise do you want to conduct? Check all applicable categories.
_____ Seminars _____ Drills
_____ Workshops _____ Functional Exercises
_____ Tabletops _____ Full-Scale Exercises
_____ Games
Who will participate in the exercise? List all agencies and personnel to be involved.
Describe the objectives of your proposed exercise.
FIGURE 6 GRANT APPLICATION FORM (continued)
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Guidelines for Transportation Emergency Training Exercises
Narrative statement (a brief scenario that sets the stage for an exercise):
Total grant funding requested (Exercise Budget Detail Worksheet attached to this application)
____________________________
EXERCISE BUDGET DETAIL WORKSHEET
Agency________________________________________________ Date____________________
Instructions:
Exercise Costs: Provide, for each Exercise Budget Category, a brief description of how the funds will be used and the amount
allocated to the category. Use additional pages as needed. Indicate the total allocation at the bottom of the chart.
Exercise Budget Category Items Amount
Personnel (Full- and Part-
Time)
Subtotal:
Overtime
Subtotal:
Travel
Subtotal:
Supplies
Subtotal:
Other Items
Subtotal:
Total Allocation
FIGURE 6 (Continued)
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Guidelines for Transportation Emergency Training Exercises
An exercise plan;
An evaluation plan;
A master scenario events list;
An after action report;
An improvement plan; and
Interim products, such as meeting minutes, presentations, and agendas.
ESTABLISH PROGRAM ELEMENTS
Recent evaluations of transportation experience show that the following elements should be ensured
in the creation of a progressive exercise program:
Careful
The full range of exercises, including tabletops, walk-throughs, targeted mini-drills, full-scale drills,
and functional and full-scale exercises, are all part of the program.
consideration
given to program Exercises are designed to ensure that all qualified individuals for each position in the trans-
elements portation emergency response organization strengthen task-related knowledge through periodic
enables the participation.
transportation
agency to clarify Exercise performance is assessed against specific scenario objectives, including previously
its objectives, identified weaknesses, using postulated events and conditions that adequately test personnel,
requirements, equipment, and resources.
budgets, and
schedules. Exercises properly assess the initial incident and establish a firm command and control structure.
This involves clearly explaining and making certain that roles and responsibilities are understood
(especially with off-site responders).
Exercises require the response organization to demonstrate effective on-site and off-site com-
munications to support emergency response activities.
Effective player, controller, and observer training and briefings are conducted.
Effective control techniques are demonstrated regarding player actions in response to scenario con-
ditions. The use of identification badges and vests to distinguish among evaluators, controllers, and
other participants is encouraged.
Exercises use knowledgeable, impartial evaluators to identify and evaluate participant perfor-
mance, scenario strengths and deficiencies, and equipment problems.
Simulation and prestaging of equipment and personnel are minimized to realistically test the
activation and staffing of emergency facilities and the performance of the organization under
emergency conditions.
Critiques are conducted in a timely manner.
Feedback is disseminated to the response organization.
Documentation is provided for all phases of the exercise, including an AAR and an improvement
plan.
Plans for correcting identified weaknesses and improving training effectiveness are developed
and implemented.
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Guidelines for Transportation Emergency Training Exercises
Exercises challenge emergency public information organizations to demonstrate the ability to
collect, verify, and disseminate accurate, reliable, and understandable information.
Sufficient emergency equipment is available to permit use during exercises without reducing sup-
plies below desired levels.4
Consideration of these elements is used to identify the scope of the exercise, its purpose, the organi-
zations that are participating, the level of participation for each organization, and evaluation metrics for
each participating agency. During the exercise design, this information is used to identify the functions
and tasks that each organization should accomplish and to prepare the scenario. This information also
identifies organizations or functions that must be simulated based on levels of participation.
In reviewing these elements, the transportation exercise coordinator should consider how specific
types of exercises (seminars, workshops, tabletops, games, drills, functional exercises, and full-scale
exercises) could be integrated into the transportation training and emergency preparedness program.
For each type of exercise, clear objectives must be identified. These objectives are based on the needs
assessment and focus areas, requirements specified in grant funding programs, and consideration of
the elements identified above.
ESTABLISH DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS AND EXERCISE DEVELOPMENT TIMELINES
Table 5 lists typical exercise products for all seven types of exercises. Depending on available
resources, capabilities, and needs, transportation agencies should determine the types of exercise
products that it will be able to develop during its 3-year exercise cycle.
The transportation agency should also identify the schedule for conducting exercises throughout the
3-year cycle. Based on a preliminary schedule, the transportation agency can begin to develop the more
detailed timelines necessary to guide exercise development, conduct, and evaluation. More information
on timelines for exercise development will be provided in Sections 4 and 5 of these guidelines.
CONSIDER KEY ACTIVITIES PERFORMED BY TRANSPORTATION
PERSONNEL DURING EMERGENCIES
As the last step in creating an exercise program, transportation exercise coordinators should consider
preparing a table or list of the types of activities performed by distinct categories of transportation per-
sonnel in responding to emergencies. Table 6 lists some of these activities using a typical incident man-
agement organization for a transportation agency.
Since the ultimate goal of the exercise program is to improve the transportation agency's capabilities
to manage these activities, the transportation exercise coordinator can use this list to show top man-
agement and others who must support the exercise program. A clear identification of these activities
can help to make the proposed exercise program more accessible to decision-makers and potential
partners during meetings and when evaluating proposals.
4
Development of Guidelines for Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Transit Emergency Operations
Exercises: Task #2: Compendium of Drill Practice. Federal Transit Administration (Washington, DC),
March 4, 2004, pg. 28.
30
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TABLE 5 TYPICAL EXERCISE PRODUCTS
Exercise Seminar Workshop Tabletop Game Drill Functional Full-Scale
Scenario Technical Description · · ·
Seminar Leaders Guide · ·
Situation Manual/Player Handbook · · ·
Results Summary ·
Recorder Forms ·
Exercise Plan · ·
Control Staff Instructions · ·
Master Scenario Events List · ·
Communications Directory · · ·
Controller/Evaluator Briefing · ·
Evaluation Plan · ·
Controller/Evaluator Packets · ·
Role Player/Action/Victim Brief · ·
Full-Scale Exercise Liability Waiver · · ·
Player Briefing · · · ·
Procedural Flow · · · ·
Synchronization Matrix · · ·
Controller/Evaluator Identifying Garments · ·
Exercise Participants Badges · · · · · · ·
Hot Wash/After Action Review Briefing · · · ·
Summary Report · · ·
After Action Report · · · · ·
Corrective Action Plan · · · · ·
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Guidelines for Transportation Emergency Training Exercises
TABLE 6 ACTIVITIES PERFORMED BY TRANSPORTATION AGENCY DURING AN EMERGENCY
Responding Element Key Activities
Reports incident to transportation management center
Transportation Establishes transportation agency response at scene
Front-Line Employee Coordinates with on-scene emergency responders
May serve as transportation incident commander until relieved by a supervisor
Establishes a transportation agency command post
Takes command and control of the transportation scene and/or transportation
agency employees until relieved by senior supervisor
Ensures the safety of motorists/passengers, first responders, and employees
Requests additional assistance as needed
Communicates with transportation management center, field supervisors,
Transportation maintenance, and transportation specialists (power, vehicles, infrastructure,
Agency Incident etc.)
Commander Prepares a site safety plan
Establishes a system for the tracking and credentialing of transportation
agency employees and resources at the scene
Documents all activities
Communicates with external emergency response agency incident
commander
Supports/joins in unified command
Conducts a debrief for shift or commander changes and upon completion
Supports the transportation incident commander at scene
Transportation Supports motorists, passengers, and emergency responders at scene
Agency Incident Requests resources
Management Team Performs activities required to stabilize the scene
Supports staging of resources and completion of required activities
Monitors scene safety and briefs transportation incident commander
Communicates with the transportation incident commander regarding on-
scene transportation issues, updated situation assessments, and resource
Transportation requests
Dispatch/Management Supports communications between the transportation incident commander and
Center the transportation agency emergency operations center
Coordinates with other responding agency dispatch centers regarding
resource requests and requirements
Conveys requests from local/regional/state emergency operations center
Manages the affected transportation system
Manages the elements of the transportation system not affected by the
emergency
Activates transportation emergency plans and authorizes extended staffing
plans
Led by emergency management director (usually executive director, general
manager, or other high-ranking executive within the transportation agency)
Transportation Coordinates with external agencies regarding requests and decisions
Agency Coordinates with local/regional/state emergency operations center
Emergency Develops short- and long-term strategies for managing both the affected
Operations transportation system and elements of the system not affected by the
Center emergency
Authorizes emergency procurements
Provides resources, materials, and supplies
Documents event
Prepares and implements mid- or long-term strategy for recovery operations
Provides communications to the transportation agency's internal board or
other governmental entity, unions, emergency agencies, the media, and the
public
32
